Faculdade de Ciências Humanas
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Browsing Faculdade de Ciências Humanas by Field of Science and Technology (FOS) "Ciências Sociais::Economia e Gestão"
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- Artificial Intelligence in the workplace : perceived knowledge, expectations and attitudes on university students and professionalsPublication . Canhestro, Teresa Sofia Pires; Gaspar, Maria Augusta DuarteThe presence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in companies and in people’s daily lives is increasing fast, requiring an updated understanding of how people perceive its inclusion in the labour market. Because different backgrounds may be critical to such perception, the current study assessed the knowledge, expectations and attitudes that Portuguese university students and professionals in the areas of Psychology, Engineering, Economics and Management, Health and Humanities have regarding AI. A sample of 341 participants was collected, including 191 females and 119 males. The survey included questions from the AI@ 50 conference at Dartmouth College, the Survey of Expert Opinion (Müller & Bostrom, 2016), the Survey of Corporate Management and Economic Policy (Morikawa, 2017) and the Negative Attitudes Towards Robots Scale (NARS) (Nomura, Kanda & Suzuki, 2004), which assess, respectively, the temporal expectations of AI and the perceived impact AI may have on society, the perceived impact it may have on employment and, finally, attitudes toward intelligent robots at work. Results showed significant differences between groups from different scientific backgrounds: Engineering participants are more receptive to the inclusion of AI in work, when compared to the other groups. They are also more knowledgeable of robots and have a more positive attitude toward working with intelligent robots. Psychology participants are, right after Engineering participants, the ones who perceive themselves more favourably as to what they think they know about AI. Overall, results suggest that lack of information and a certain level of negative attitudes toward technology in the humanities group, and to some degree in all groups other that the engineering one, needs to be addressed by educational institutions, organization administrators and policy makers. This will facilitate an optimization of the AI technology for the specific requirements of different domains of human activity.
- Behavioural change and public policy design : efficacy of different self-control processes in the promotion of a healthy eating practicePublication . Oliveira, Gastão Nuno de Figueiredo Pais Pinto de; Simão, Cláudia Patrícia CandeiasThe practice of menu labeling is gaining popularity worldwide as a potential public policy that can reduce calorie intake at restaurants and as a means to decrease the prevalence of obesity. The purpose of the present dissertation project was to test the display of several nutritional information on restaurant menus, and their correspondent interactions and response on participants food choices. A 2 (high vs low calorie menu) X 2 (calorie vs no calorie information) X 2 (information vs no information about recommended daily caloric intake for healthy adults) laboratory experiment (n = 214) was conducted and from the experiment analyses we can predict that information displayed on the menus (both caloric and daily recommended calorie intake) helped individuals regulate their food choices. Labelling restaurant menus with nutritional information is a public policy that can influence people food choices, so we suggest that menu labelling should begin to be considered in certain situations. Future research should evaluate the impact of labelling restaurant menus with an heterogeneity sample.
- Capital psicológico, valores e satisfação no trabalho : diferenças e correlações em trabalhadores portuguesesPublication . Pires, Catarina Diana Martins; Pinto, Joana Cristina Novais CarneiroThroughout this paper, we intend to contribute to the development of knowledge about how people-centered factors and organizational factors influence (or not) levels of job satisfaction, and whether there are differences in these factors - namely in the psychological capital and in the perception of organizational values, due to sociodemographic variables. In this way, three variables - psychological capital, organizational values and work satisfaction - were analyzed resorting to three evaluation tools (PsyCap, Organizational ValuesScale and Occupational Satisfaction Scale, respectively). The exploratory empirical study was carried out on a sample of Portuguese workers, from both the public and private sectors. The three variables in the study were characterized and the relationships between psychological capital, organizational values and work satisfaction in the generality of the sample were explored. The existence of differences in the three variables according to a set of sociodemographic factors was also explored. Finally, the predictive value of psychological capital and organizational values on satisfaction with work was studied. The results showed that the highest dimensions correspond to the "Self-efficacy" and "Hope" (of psychological capital) "Efficacy / Efficiency", "Work Interaction" and "Innovation" (organizational values), "Satisfaction with the nature of work" and "Satisfaction with management" (satisfaction with work). Differences were found in the three variables according to sociodemographic characteristics, namely, gender, academic qualifications and position in the organization (leader vs. collaborator). There was also a relationship between psychological capital and job satisfaction. Finally, it was concluded that the psychological capital is a predictor of job satisfaction. By way of conclusion, psychological capital does seem to have an impact on the satisfaction with work among members of an organization, as the later is perceived as more positive environment. Also, organizational values (although with less impact) are important in promoting job satisfaction. Both dimensions favor the possibility of a personal development of workers, fostering their ambition, goals, selfknowledge and the overcoming of challenges, whilst favoring the organization in the pursuit of its objectives and performance.
- Challenged or threatened? The dynamics between emotions, self-efficacy, and locus of control in unfamiliar situationsPublication . Joshi, Akshita; Simão, Cláudia Patrícia CandeiasIn the technological age, comfort with the unknown and uncomfortable is essential for continued growth and success. This dissertation examines the dynamic interplay between emotions, selfefficacy, and locus of control in the context of unfamiliar and challenging situations. By evaluating participants' emotional journeys and their self-reported levels of generalized SelfEfficacy and Locus of Control, the study aims to understand how these psychological constructs influence reactions to discomfort and challenge. The research involves a controlled experiment where participants are assigned tasks perceived as challenging, under pressure (vs. no pressure), with half of the tasks being performed under time pressure and the other half without any time pressure, to measure emotional responses and changes in Self-Efficacy and Locus of Control. The findings reveal significant relationships between experiencing positive emotions and SelfEfficacy and experiencing a situation as emotionally challenging vs. threatening and SelfEfficacy. The study contributes to psychological literature by highlighting how emotional regulation and perception of control can impact performance and stress management in uncertain scenarios, providing insights for enhancing individual resilience and adaptability in personal and professional settings.
- Choosing a bank : the roles of affective vs financial factorsPublication . Machado, Diana Maria Borges da Gama Falcão; Gaspar, Maria Augusta DuarteThe current study was aimed at assessing the impact of potentially crucial emotional factors on corporate image (CI), consumer satisfaction (CF) and consumer loyalty (CL) in the banking sector. Corporate Social Responsibility became, in recent years, a central concern for both consumers and businesses, so we decided to inspect how integrating social responsibility into the bank marketing strategy would affect CI, CF and CL. In addition, we also inspected the effect of online banking vs direct human contact in the way the bank presents its services, as online banking has been increasingly replacing offices, whilst human contact might still be an important asset for business. We inspected the effect of price fairness and of a diversity of demographic variables as well. A randomized experimental study was carried out online, with a between-subject 2(CSR/nonCSR)x2)x2(human contact/online)x2 (fairprice/nonfair price) design. Results are based on a final sample (after eliminating incomplete questionnaires and outliers) of 293 international respondents who were randomly assigned to evaluate one of eight different banks conditions, under the pretext of a market study on a new bank. Results showed that both corporate social responsibility and price fairness were critical in the respondents’ evaluation of CI, CS and CL, while virtual vs personal interaction as well as demographic factors such as age, gender or education did not significantly affect them. The study shows that, as in other businesses, there is a preference for ethical and social friendly corporate attitudes in financial institutions – an important clue for their global reputation strategy.
- Comunicação organizacional e improbabilidade da comunicação : uma investigação sobre a organização de eventosPublication . Correia, Adriana Patrícia Gonçalves; Ilharco, Fernando Albano Maia de MagalhãesComunicar é tornar algo em comum e esta simples descrição tornou-se uma espécie de slogan da própria comunicação. Como sabemos, o dia-a-dia é feito a comunicar e mesmo sem dizermos uma única palavra estamos a comunicar com o outro. Hoje vivemos num mundo desenvolvido em que existem múltiplas ferramentas que nos ajudam a chegar ao recetor/destino com uma maior facilidade mas por vezes existem falhas. Se estas falhas acontecem a nível pessoal e causam mal-entendidos, a nível empresarial pode ser muito mais prejudicial, colocando mesmo em causa determinado assunto. Desta forma pretendo focar-me no papel da comunicação na organização de um evento e observar a importância da mesma durante todo o processo. Hoje há um upgrade do conceito “evento” e podemos perceber que um evento envolve variados pontos, sendo muito mais que uma simples festa como estamos habituados a ver/pensar. Existem vários tipos de eventos e eu irei dedicar-me aos eventos como reuniões e conferências empresariais, mais precisamente na entidade onde desempenho o meu estágio. Para cada tipo de evento há uma necessidade diferente até se chegar a um produto final, pois cada evento tem particularidades-chave que cada coordenador deve comunicar à sua equipa ou Hotel inteiro, se necessário. A evolução das TI foi algo que possibilitou e facilitou a vida dos eventos, pois tudo passa a ser realizado através de uma plataforma de organização que levou à agregação de todos os eventos (plataforma Opera) mas a verdade é que não vivemos só de “TIs” e a comunicação verbal face a face é muito importante para alcançar o sucesso. Algo importante a ter em conta é que por mais que haja uma boa comunicação, existem certas improbabilidades comunicacionais (Luhmann 2006) que fazem com que a comunicação não seja corretamente compreendida pelo destinatário, o que pode ser problemático na realização de um evento.
- Connectedness to nature and sustainable intention : measuring nature connectedness and the role of self in consumption behaviorPublication . Spilker, Gwen; Simão, Cláudia Patrícia CandeiasSustainable consumption behavior is a critical aspect of addressing current environmental challenges. This research study examines whether (1) manipulating connectedness to nature increases sustainable buying intentions. (2) whether state connectedness to nature is positively associated with sustainable buying intentions. (3) If selftranscendence mediates the relationship between state connectedness to nature and sustainable buying intentions. And (4) whether personal response efficacy moderates the relationship between state connectedness to nature and sustainable buying intentions. The study employs a between-subject video manipulation design, where participants in the manipulation condition were exposed to videos aimed at inducing connectedness to nature vs. a control video. Subsequently, they completed a questionnaire assessing their emotions (awe, admiration, gratitude), sustainable buying intentions, state connectedness to nature, self-transcendence, and personal response efficacy. The results demonstrated marginally significant differences induced through the manipulation, but no significant effects of the manipulation on sustainable buying intentions, rejecting the first hypothesis. State connectedness to nature was positively associated with sustainable buying intentions, supporting the idea that feelings of connectedness to nature influence sustainable choices. While self-transcendence demonstrated a positive correlation with state connectedness to nature, it did not mediate the relationship with buying intentions. The moderating role of personal response efficacy was also not significant. While acknowledging potential limitations in the sample and measurement tools, this research underscores the multifaceted nature of these constructs and the importance of considering them comprehensively.
- Consumer intentions to consume food supplements : a survey study on its predictors, associated biased beliefs and risk-benefit perceptionPublication . Miah, Rafael Ismail Vicêncio; Carvalho, Rui Filipe Gaspar deResearch on consumers' habits concerning Food Supplements (FS) suggests an increase in its consumption in recent years. Despite several studies being conducted, specifically with the elderly and sports practitioners, there is insufficient research on the potential predictors of intentions to consume FS in a general, non-specific sample of the population. To fill such gap, a survey study grounded on an extended conceptual model adapted from the theory of planned behaviour was implemented, to assess predictors of FS consumption intentions such as: Consumer attitudes, intentions, self-efficacy, controlled perceived behaviour, injunctive norm, descriptive norm, general knowledge and beliefs, risk-benefit perception, trust in information sources and sociodemographic variables, were taken into consideration, alongside sociodemographic variables. 112 participants, showed to have a predominantly incorrect knowledge and beliefs regarding food supplements. Moreover, attitudes towards FS, risk-benefit perception, selfefficacy and the injunctive norm all were significant predictors of FS consumption intentions. Participants also showed high trust towards food safety National Authorities and European Union Institutions. Overall, the results exemplify the need for more studies on the general public, to have a wider understanding of FS consumption intentions, to implement risk prevention actions.
- Creativity and authentic leadership : a study in the Portuguese banking sectorPublication . Baptista, Mariana Bernardo de Mendonça; Nogueira, Sara Maria Leitão Jorge Marques de Almeida de Ibérico; Almeida, LeonorConsidering the importance of creativity in organisations, it is fundamental to understand which factors influence it. The workplace factors have a great influence on the individual’s creative process, both positively and negatively. Also, the type of leadership, as for instance the authentic leadership, is another factor that influences creativity, as the leader stimulates the workers to create new ideas. This study has the purpose of characterising the authentic leadership levels, the conditions to create in the workplace, and the levels of creativity in the Portuguese Banking sector. Moreover, a possible correlation between creativity levels and the factors that have an influence on them, such as authentic leadership, as well as the workplace factors that may have a positive or negative effect. The convenience sample has 202 employees from seven different bank institutions, 103 (51%) female and 99 (49%) male, with ages ranging between 24 and 62 years old (M=42.79). It was used a socio-demographic questionnaire and three instruments: the Test for Creative Thinking-Drawing Production (Urban and Jellen, 1996) which evaluates creativity, the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ, Portuguese version by Rego et al. 2012) to evaluate the type of leadership, and a test to evaluate the favourable and unfavourable factors for creativity (Indicators of conditions to create in the workplace (ICCW, Bruno-Faria & Veiga, 2015). The obtained results display a correlation between the favourable factor for creativity in the workplace and the creativity Adaptiveness factor. There are more correlations between the conditions to create in the workplace and creativity in the private sector than in the public sector. Para investigações sugere-se que se faça a validação do ICCW e se investigue a relação entre a liderança autentica e os factores de ambiente de trabalho para a criatividade.
- Desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional do jovem : relatório do projecto do Workshop para a excelência profissional : A Better You! Mudança, Excelência e MotivaçãoPublication . Pinote, Joana Sines Fernandes Soares; Ilharco, Fernando Albano Maia de MagalhãesEste projecto apresenta a conceptualização, desenvolvimento e proposta do Workshop: A Better You! Mudança, Excelência e Motivação. Cujo objectivo principal assenta em formar pessoal e profissionalmente jovens alunos, para que estes possam desenvolver as suas capacidades pessoais, e se superem até serem trabalhadores excelentes e motivados. Este curso terá a duração de quarenta e cinco horas, extra-curriculares, para um público-alvo entre os 18 e os 25 anos de idade. Jovens que frequentem o ensino superior, jovens com o intuito de candidatarse ao mesmo, bem como extensível a alunos que queiram frequentar este curso apenas com vista ao seu desenvolvimento pessoal, ou para se preparem para ingressar no mundo empresarial com mais capacidades comportamentais. Será um curso de enquadramento teórico, com uma componente prática relevante é determinante para o trabalho pessoal de cada aluno. Foram realizadas dez entrevistas para concretizar o levantamento empírico, onde se apresentam resumidamente as respostas da nossa amostra. Estas respostas são apresentadas de forma a fazer a ligação entre a parte teórica do relatório e a pertinência da aplicação deste curso. Este trabalho assenta numa revisão de literatura, cujas teorias abordam os temas principais do Workshop, nomeadamente mudança, criatividade, excelência, desenvolvimento pessoal, comportamento, motivação e trabalho em equipa. Escolheram-se alguns autores que estivessem mais envolvidos nos temas, em cujas respectivas obras este trabalho assenta. Citando alguns exemplos de autores tais como Amabile, Collins, Gladwell, Goleman e Pink.