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Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa
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Responsabilidade civil extracontratual da função administrativa : por danos decorrentes da utilização de inteligência artificial
Publication . Ferreira, Angélica da Fonseca Pinto Magalhães; Gomes, Carla Amado
presente dissertação visa aferir se o regime consagrado na Lei n.º 67/2007 (RRCEE), à luz do artigo 22.º da CRP, se revela apto a enquadrar os danos decorrentes da utilização de sistemas de IA pela Administração Pública. Defende-se que o regime vigente evidencia suficiente elasticidade normativa, desde que objeto de uma interpretação evolutiva e sistematicamente orientada pelos princípios constitucionais, afirmando-se a responsabilidade por facto ilícito como eixo central de imputação. Com efeito, sustenta-se que as decisões automatizadas permanecem juridicamente reconduzíveis a condutas humanas relevantes, designadamente no âmbito dos deveres de organização, vigilância, controlo e cuidado tecnológico. Argumenta-se ainda que a inovação tecnológica não pode traduzir-se numa diminuição do nível de tutela dos particulares. O desafio não reside na construção de um novo paradigma de irresponsabilidade tecnológica, mas na reafirmação do princípio do Estado de Direito, assegurando que a modernização administrativa permanece subordinada às exigências de juridicidade, responsabilidade e proteção efetiva dos direitos fundamentais.
O confronto entre a autodeterminação de um paciente suicida e o dever de assistência médica
Publication . Lopes, Filipa Alexandra Casaca Martins; Faria, Maria Paula Ribeiro de
Procurou-se no presente trabalho realizar uma análise do papel do doente no contexto do regime jurídico das intervenções e tratamentos médico-cirúrgicos arbitrários, consagrado no artigo 156.º do Código Penal, em particular, o de um paciente suicida. Tal estudo visa apurar se o comportamento do médico face a esta categoria específica de pacientes se revela substancialmente distinta comparativamente à adotada face a qualquer outro paciente, e, em caso afirmativo, apurar qual é essa diferença. Paralelamente, pretende-se afastar alguns preconceitos associados ao paciente suicida, nomeadamente aqueles que dizem respeito à sua credibilidade enquanto sujeito dotado de capacidade decisória, enquanto paciente e enquanto membro de uma sociedade. Para o efeito, serão estudados os pressupostos do consentimento, o regime jurídico das intervenções e tratamentos médico-cirúrgicos arbitrários, e enquadrado o caso especial do paciente suicida dentro deste contexto normativo. Concluiu-se que o paciente suicida, sem prejuízo das circunstâncias concretas de cada caso, não se afasta de forma tão significativa de um paciente “normal” na tomada de decisões em contexto clínico, devendo, inclusive, ser visto e respeitado enquanto tal.
The luxury paradox of lab-grown diamonds : rarity, authenticity and the limits of sustainability in luxury value
Publication . Bauder, Anna Luise; Baptista, Rita Torres
As lab-grown diamonds capture nearly half of the U.S. engagement ring market, the luxury jewelry industry must confront a question it has long deferred, whether ethical superiority can substitute for symbolic legitimacy in luxury. LGDs are chemically identical to natural diamonds yet challenge the very pillars of luxury value, namely natural origin, geological rarity, and symbolic authenticity. This study examines whether the sustainability advantage of LGDs compensates for their symbolic downgrade in perceived luxury value, and how rarity, authenticity, and sustainability interact as drivers of luxury value in fine jewelry. A mixed-methods design combined a quantitative within-subjects experiment (N = 138) with three expert interviews. Hypotheses were tested through paired-samples t-tests and multiple linear regression. Regression results identify symbolic authenticity and sincerity as the strongest predictors of perceived luxury value, while perceived sustainability exerts no significant effect. LGDs are perceived as more sustainable but significantly less rare and less symbolically authentic than natural diamonds. Expert interviews confirm that sustainability functions as a legitimizing threshold rather than a generator of dream value. The ethical upgrade does not compensate for the symbolic downgrade. The luxury paradox of lab-grown diamonds is not a communication challenge but a structural feature of the luxury business model, with direct implications for brand positioning and portfolio strategy in fine jewelry.
Direct-to-consumer : channel diversification in firms with existing distribution networks
Publication . Käfer, Felix; Rajsingh, Peter
Direct-to-consumer (D2C) distribution has received growing attention among FMCG manufacturers operating within established retail networks. While the broader literature has framed D2C primarily as a response to digitalization or a generic growth opportunity, the specific drivers shaping adoption in firms with indirect distribution structures remain insufficiently understood. This study asks what drivers determine D2C adoption in FMCG firms with established distribution channels. An exploratory sequential mixed-methods design was applied, combining a literature review, fourteen expert interviews and a consumer survey in the DACH region, with findings triangulated across firm-side and demand-side perspectives. Three key drivers emerged: access to first-party consumer data, control over brand communication and the customer journey, and strategic learning and brand experimentation. These are constrained by three structural limitations: the capability gap between B2B and D2C operations, dependence on dominant retail partners, and routine-anchored consumer demand in concentrated retail markets. Product category and market structure shape where D2C generates value. D2C functioned not as a retail substitute but as a focused instrument of selective forward integration. Theoretically, the study extends resource-based theory and dynamic capabilities into the channel dimension, refines forward integration logic in the FMCG context, and reframes channel conflict as an endogenously managed design parameter. Practically, D2C decisions belong at the category and product level, the channel should be measured as a market intelligence and brand control instrument, and capability building remains a predominantly internal task.
Responsible leadership and employee voice : the role of psychological safety and beyond a qualitative study in german organizations
Publication . Förtig, Julia; Cruz, Nuno Moreira da
Employee silence carries significant economic, environmental and social costs. This study examines how responsible leadership shapes psychological safety and employee voice in German organizational contexts. Addressing the limited empirical work linking these three constructs in Germany, it examines how employees experience the relationship between their leaders’ responsible behavior and their psychological safety, and which conditions beyond psychological safety shape whether they speak up. Based on eight problem-centered interviews analyzed through thematic analysis, this study explores employees’ subjective experiencesacross sectors and functions below senior management level.The results show that responsible leadership influences psychological safety through a constellation of relational behaviors, such as constructive error management, active upward advocacy, behavioral consistency, eye-level communication, and active solicitation of input. However, these inward-facing practices overlap with adjacent leadership styles and are not exclusive to responsible leadership. At the same time, the external stakeholder orientation, sustainability focus and societal transformation central to responsible leadership theory were largely absent from participants’ accounts, suggesting that its distinctive features are context-bounded by hierarchical level and organizational function.The study contributes to responsible leadership theory by examining it from a follower point of view and identifying boundaries of the model. Psychological safety emerged as a contributing rather than determining factor of voice, with individual, situational and structural conditions shaping voice behavior. This study refines psychological safety theory by specifying the conditions under which it translates into voice, and extends theories by identifying individual, situational and structural factors shaping voice beyond psychological safety in a German organizational context.