R - Teses de Doutoramento / Doctoral Theses
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- O que é o caso social? Estudo sobre a construção do caso social em contexto hospitalarPublication . Cardoso, Maria Inês Lisboa Guerra; Amaro, Maria Inês Martinho AntunesA área da saúde é historicamente um dos principais campos de intervenção do Serviço Social. A prática profissional dos assistentes sociais na área da saúde tem vindo a desenvolver-se com o objectivo de responder a preocupações de promoção e atenção à saúde, as quais se tornaram centrais nas actuais concepções de saúde, reconhecendo que o processo saúde-doença é determinado socialmente. A construção do caso social requer uma reflexão sobre o contexto institucional e o desempenho dos diferentes membros da equipa interdisciplinar. Considera-se que o caso social pode surgir de diferentes formas, influenciado tanto pelas orientações institucionais, como pela intervenção dos diferentes profissionais. A estratégia metodológica adoptada enquadra-se na perspectiva da investigação qualitativa, tendo-se utilizado como procedimento fundamental, o estudo de caso. O trabalho empírico foi desenvolvido no Hospital de Santa Maria, especificamente em 5 serviços de especialidade. Em cada serviço foram entrevistados 3 profissionais: assistente social, médico e enfermeiro, num total de 15 entrevistas. Foi realizado um período de observação, durante o qual a investigadora acompanhou o quotidiano profissional das assistentes sociais, e que permitiu adquirir uma melhor percepção do vocabulário, da prática profissional e das especificidades de cada serviço. O estudo permitiu concluir que o caso social é um conceito transversal às várias áreas de intervenção presentes dentro de um Hospital, mas com sentidos e enfoques diferentes de acordo com os serviços de especialidade e com os actores profissionais. Podemos definir caso social como a descrição de uma determinada situação da vida real. Esta descrição corresponde ao ponto de vista de um ou vários profissionais, portanto, admitimos que o caso social, a partir de uma perspectiva globalizada, é a expressão de uma série de percepções existentes sobre a realidade. Estas percepções estão condicionadas por experiências prévias (tanto pessoais como profissionais), valores e sentimentos, de modo que cada um dos envolvidos no caso interpreta a situação de acordo com a sua carga pessoal.
- Verificação de factos na era da pós-verdade: um estudo comparativo entre Observador, Polígrafo e Prova dos FactosPublication . Rodrigues, Luis Pedro Ribeiro; Ribeiro, Nelson CostaA verificação de factos (fact-checking, em inglês), em sua modalidade amplamente reconhecida hoje, analisa desde declarações políticas até publicações que “viralizam” nas redes sociais online. O processo de checagem baseia-se em evidências factuais e, em geral, apresenta um veredicto sobre as informações analisadas utilizando uma escala de veracidade. No entanto, a ascensão dessa prática jornalística coincide com as condições adversas da pós-verdade e do atual desprestígio da verdade factual. O principal objetivo desta investigação é, por conseguinte, analisar como a verificação de factos constrói a verdade factual, numa altura em que outros processos sociais constituem uma consciência da verdade desvinculada da factualidade das coisas. Para isso, examinamos as matérias e os editoriais das três principais iniciativas de verificação de factos em Portugal: Observador, Polígrafo e Prova dos Factos (Público), com o apoio metodológico da Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD). A análise dos editoriais revelou a criação discursiva da identidade de autoridade da verificação de factos, crucial para legitimar a posição social dos verificadores de factos como árbitros na esfera pública. Outra descoberta foi a estratégia discursiva de normalizar o uso das escalas de veracidade e do veredicto nos métodos e pressupostos da verificação de factos, sem discutir, no entanto, as limitações dessas duas ferramentas para interpretar a complexidade dos factos e da realidade. Já na análise das matérias, observamos o uso regular de adjetivos (“verdade”, “verdadeira”) e advérbios (“na verdade”) modais para representar o discurso dos dizentes como verdadeiro ou falso. Além disso, encontramos perguntas retóricas que simulam as dúvidas do leitor, ao mesmo tempo que posicionam o verificador de factos como aquele que as sabe responder com base em evidências factuais. São, portanto, estratégias enunciativas que auxiliam o verificador de factos a convencer os leitores de que o veredicto que apresenta é verdadeiro, i.e., trata-se da verdade factual, além de dar ao género da verificação de factos um fator distintivo.
- Food safety innovation and local farmingPublication . Macieira, Ariana Filipa Sarmento Manso da Silva; Teixeira, Paula Cristina MaiaIn recent years, there has been an increase in the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables from small local producers. At the same time, a rise in the number of foodborne outbreaks associated with the consumption of these products has been observed. Preventing such outbreaks requires the rigorous implementation of food safety practices throughout the entire supply chain, namely through the systematic application of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and Good Handling Practices (GHP). The main objectives of this study were to: i) assess the perceptions of both consumers and producers regarding food safety, with a particular focus on local and small-scale horticultural production; ii) identify hazards present in their supply chains and determine the level of compliance with food safety practices, GAP and GHP; and iii) implement a food safety management system adapted to these supply chains, using innovative and low-cost methods. The overall goal is to support small local producers in providing safer horticultural products to consumers, by raising awareness among both producers and consumers of the importance of good practices and their effective implementation. The results showed that both groups value several aspects related to food safety and demonstrate some awareness of the topic. Various hazards were identified in the analysed fruits and vegetables, soils, and irrigation water, including protozoa (Toxoplasma gondii and Giardia intestinalis in vegetables); pathogenic bacteria (such as Bacillus cereus in food and Listeria monocytogenes in irrigation water); pesticides previously banned by the European Union (although detected below the established Maximum Residue Limits); and phosphate flame retardants (PFRs), found at high concentrations. A seasonal variation in the hazards identified was observed, with differences between summer and winter, highlighting the potential impact of climatic conditions on the occurrence and fluctuation of these hazards, particularly under extreme weather events. The study also found that certain practices are more easily adopted by producers. However, the implementation of traceability linked to food safety proved to be particularly challenging, mainly due to the lack of operational records, often associated with personal and organisational factors of the producers themselves. The studies conducted in this thesis may be replicated in other geographical contexts, particularly in developed countries, where data on food safety within the supply chains of small scale local horticultural producers remain scarce. Consolidating knowledge in this area requires the development and continuous updating of targeted training programes for both producers and consumers, aiming to promote greater food safety literacy. In parallel, addressing the challenges faced by small Portuguese producers calls for more active involvement from regional associations, as well as the provision of strategic and financial support from governmental bodies. The coordinated implementation of these measures could lead to tangible improvements in the safety of horticultural products placed on the market by these producers.
- Virtual production and nuke : workflow optimization through custom tool developmentPublication . Ferreira, Ricardo Jorge Regufe Pinheiro; Gomes, Sahra Ursula KunzThe scope of this study is the application of LED wall-based Virtual Production techniques and the integration of automated post-production in Nuke to optimise complex visual effects workflow management in contemporary cinema. Virtual production employs high-definition LED displays as a substitute for conventional green screens and provides realistic backgrounds that change following the lighting on set. It increases creative potential, enhances actor immersion by delivering an immediate scene context, and reduces the necessity for additional post-production work by capturing almost final-quality visuals during the shooting phase. The main focus of this research is a new way of working, leading software in postproduction processes, Nuke, a node-based compositing system that allows the blending of live footage and CGI elements. The Nuke interface integrates advanced features capable of keying, rotoscoping, and colour correction, which enable the "Kaizen" production process to ensure the systematic capture of multiple components in one shot for quality scenes. However, in Nuke's effectiveness lies its most powerful features: some routine combining actions are still performed manually within Nuke, and this is prone to delay, which in large projects can result in a loss of efficiency. A research project was created in Unreal Engine, similar to a production environment that includes features and assets to be found in a significant industry project. This project was used to test for the automation of repetitive tasks in Nuke by attempting to automate manual processes using scripts and the tool's node-based system. A comparison analysis was done by quantifying manual workflows of the automated processes versus the conventional ones. The results highlight how automation can streamline time, cost, and even task allocation in post-production, which is frequently neglected. Assisting in manual labour leads to a more efficient pipeline due to lessened potential mistakes. It aims to enhance the integration of automated visual effects composition by guiding studios looking to optimise their workflows.
- Ontologia trinitária : da analogia entis à analogia amoris. Uma leitura da obra de Piero CodaPublication . Castel-Branco, Tomás de Albuquerque Emiliano; Palma, AlexandreA presente dissertação aborda a obra de Piero Coda, principalmente Dalla Trinità L'avvento di Dio tra storia e profezia, centrando-se na proposta de uma ontologia trinitária baseada na analogia do amor (analogia amoris). Através da análise das suas principais in fluências teológicas e filosóficas e, posteriormente, do pensamento do próprio autor, procu ramos demonstrar como ele concebe a unidade do Ser divino como relação de amor na dis tinção das Pessoas da Trindade. A partir do mistério pascal e da kenósis de Cristo na Cruz, defende-se uma epistemologia ontológica que valoriza a categoria do não ser positivo e traz implicações eclesiais. A obra propõe, assim, uma renovada abordagem teológica em que a analogia amoris se apresenta como a chave de leitura ontológica da trindade e de toda a rea lidade criada.
- Racionalidade e socialização : o fator ritual nas propostas filosóficas de Richard Rorty e Alasdair MacIntyrePublication . Galvão, Artur Emanuel Ilharco; Sumares, Manuel GonçalvesThe aim of this thesis is to tackle what can be called the Hegelian problem. With the dissolution of the great philosophical systems, one question has gained particular prominence in reflections on rationality. Is it possible to reconcile historicism and objectivity without a philosophy of history? In other words, is the awareness that human beings are always located in the historical 'here and now' compatible with the defence of universal and necessary knowledge? Answers have usually consisted of choosing one side. For example, Nietzsche, Kuhn and Feyerabend favour the former, compromising the possibility of objectivity. For this, they are accused of relativism and irrationalism. Carnap, Popper and Quine opted for the side of objectivity, jeopardising the historicity of thought and, as a result, seem to fall into scientism. Richard Rorty and Alasdair MacIntyre opt for the historicist side. However, they believe that this choice does not compromise them to the point of becoming relativists or irrationalists. Rorty solves the dilemma by replacing objectivity with solidarity and MacIntyre by assuming that it is possible to develop criteria for objective justification based on local contexts. This paper aims to analyse how Rorty’s and MacIntyre's solutions were developed and to assess their success. To do this, I will use what I call the ritual factor as a reading key. This, with its components of praxis, repetition and play, allows us to give rationality a different framework from the one provided by modernity, particularly by the Enlightenment. In my reading, Rorty and MacIntyre develop an embodied rationality, greatly influenced by Wittgenstein's thought. The ritual factor will allow us to understand the connection it has with the biological and sociological dimensions of humanity. It will therefore be possible to argue that rationality is both a third-person phenomenon (which can be studied observationally) and a second-person phenomenon (resulting from the relationships that exist in the communitarian we). This is the thesis I have developed from my research. Although they start from the same premises, Rorty and MacIntyre develop them differently, so their conclusions are basically antagonistic. Much of the interest of studying these two authors lies precisely in this fact, because their confrontation will enhance our understanding of various nuances of rationality.
- Anatomia da Revolução Brasileira : um estudo sobre o 15 de novembro de 1889Publication . Garschagen, Bruno Meirelles; Coutinho, José João Freitas Barbosa PereiraThis doctoral thesis presents a reinterpretation of the republican military coup carried out on November 15, 1889, as a modern revolution, rather than a simple military coup that overthrew the monarchy and was led by dissatisfied elites. The central argument is that this event represented a profound institutional, political, and social transformation in Brazil, aligning it with the key elements of modern revolutions, as discussed by theorists such as Hannah Arendt, Edmund Burke, Alexis de Tocqueville, and Crane Brinton. The thesis proposes a revision of the traditional historiography, which generally portrays November 15 as a mere regime change. Instead, the thesis frames it as a revolution that broke with the monarchical order, establishing a new political framework based on republican ideals such as popular sovereignty, federalism, and political representation. The work integrates a multidisciplinary approach, combining political theory with a historical analysis of primary sources, including official documents, correspondence, and periodicals of the time. The thesis follows a comprehensive literature review, drawing on classical and modern revolution theorists. It also incorporates a detailed historical analysis, using primary sources to reconstruct the events leading up to the coup and the revolution and comparing them with other revolutions, such as the French, American, Russian, and Chinese Revolutions. The work is structured in three parts, focusing on theoretical concepts of revolution, a case study of the Brazilian Revolution of 1889, and its long-term consequences. In conclusion, we argue that November 15, 1889, was a revolution that broke with the monarchical order, installing a republican regime that reshaped Brazil's politics, society, and national identity. The research offers a critical reassessment of the revolutionary nature of November 15, contributing to broader discussions about the role of revolutions in building modern societies and Brazil's place in this context.
- A união bancária e o paradigma da estabilidade : crise financeira e regulaçãoPublication . Pina, Carlos Manuel Costa; Martins, Patrícia FragosoThe European Banking Union (EBU) confronts its roots in the post-2008 financial crisis, its systemic intentionality visible in the new regulatory frontiers opened since then at international and EU levels, and the paradigm of stability as an idiosyncratic feature of the European integration. However, just as it is not possible to understand the intentionality of the EBU without acknowledging the crisis, it is also not possible to understand it disconnected from the integration model and its stabilizing purpose within the framework of the available solidarity, nor detached from bank-sovereign systemic relations and cross-border activities of financial institutions. In this sense, the research discusses whether the EBU, in its configuration, structure and instruments, accomplishes the purpose of systemic stabilization, identifies the potential factors of functional disability, and the ways for them to be overcome. In addition, three important assumptions are considered: (i) the stabilizing limitations of the European integration model; (ii) the inherent (idiosyncratic) instability of the financial system; and (iii) the artificiality of the boundaries between the latter (stricto sensu) and public finance, determining the two-way contagion (bank-sovereign) that EBU intends to address. For this purpose, the (potential) stabilizing objective of the EBU in its three functions and respective instruments is also assessed: crisis prevention, management, and extinction, given its connection to those assumptions. Crisis prevention answers, e.g., to the inherent fragility of the financial system, crisis management highlights the stabilizing limitations of EU integration, and crisis extinction, in the same vein, exposes the artificiality of the boundaries.
- O teólogo no país das maravilhas : formas narrativas e imagens teológicas em "Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”Publication . Vasconcelos, Miguel Maria Sousa Rego de Cabedo e; Boas, Alex Vicentim VillasThis dissertation reads Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland as a “laboratory of meaning” where Literature, Philosophy, and Theology intersect in a fruitful dialogue. Part One develops a literary approach (focused on the author, the text, and the reader), situating Lewis Carroll within the Victorian context and analyzing the work from structural and narratological perspectives, considering the status of the narrator, the spatio-temporal configuration, and concentrating on three central thematic axes: identity transition, curiosity/wonder, and language/nonsense. Methodologically, it rests on an interdisciplinary framework (developmental psychology, dialogical philosophy, theory of language), always anchored in the text. Part Two attempts a theological hermeneutic of Alice’s images, mapping scenes and identifying what may serve as theological loci. It also proposes a typology of faith experience in several characters – Alice, the White Rabbit, the Caterpillar, the Cheshire Cat, the Mad Hatter, the Queen of Hearts – culminating in a contribution toward what may become a “Theology of literary nonsense,” where inversion, paradox, and apparent illogic train the imagination and, with it, the intelligentia fidei. It concludes that Carrollian nonsense – closer to an alternative sense than to mere senselessness – reveals formative and evangelizing potential by accustoming the reader to sustaining ambiguities and maturing identity, as dramatized in Alice’s final emancipatory gesture.
- The influence of gesture in saxophone musical performance and audience perception : a multimodal analysisPublication . Moura, Nádia Margarida Trindade; Serra, Ana Sofia Almeida Sá; Vilas-Boas, João PauloBody movement plays a key role in music performance. Performers’ gestures not only relate to instrumental manipulation and technical proficiency but also reflect expressive and communicative aspects, essential to achieving meaningful musical interpretations. Despite the growing body of research on instrumental motor behaviour, its scope remains limited, particularly for certain instruments. To effectively integrate these principles into instrumental education, more robust scientific foundations are required. Framed within the embodied music cognition paradigm, this thesis explored the processes of gesture-making in saxophone performance with the aim of understanding how these can be consciously used to improve performance. Adopting a multimodal, multi-perspective approach, we conducted a series of studies including quantitative and qualitative data derived from both objective motion, video and audio recordings, and subjective perceptions of performers (interviews) and the audience (questionnaires). The empirical part of this thesis comprises three blocks: performative gesture analysis, performers’ perception, and audience perception. “Performative gesture analysis” presents four studies: the first two present video-based observational movement analyses performed to delimit and quantify recurrent gestures among saxophone players; the third and fourth studies present detailed kinematic analyses of knee flexion and dynamic postural sway, relating them with the performed music. “Performers’ perception” features one interview study conducted to explore performers’ perspectives, experiences, and habits. “Audience perception” introduces two audience perception studies: the first compared expressive movement to no movement and assessed the efficiency of four motion visual displays in communicating expressiveness; the second investigated how the quantity and quality of expressive motion influence participants’ evaluation of negatively and positively valenced music performances. This investigation presents novel insights on the role of gesture in saxophone performance, relating them to existing literature on other instruments. It also expands the knowledge of the cognitive and motor processes involved in music experience.