R - Teses de Doutoramento / Doctoral Theses
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- A responsabilidade pela prática de atos administrativos automatizados : inteligência artificialPublication . Ferreira, Tomás Barbosa Costa; Carvalho, Marta Vaz Canavarro Portocarrero deA presente dissertação visa explorar a relação entre a Inteligência Artificial e o Direito Administrativo, com especial enfoque na responsabilidade do Estado perante a utilização das novas tecnologias na tomada de decisão. Para tanto, esta análise parte de um enquadramento histórico e conceptual, explorando a evolução do ato administrativo e o impacto das novas tecnologias na sua execução. Este trabalho aborda também os desafios jurídicos associados à IA, incluindo a sua ascensão no ordenamento jurídico nacional e internacional, através de uma análise comparada com outras jurisdições europeias. O trabalho prossegue com uma análise da responsabilidade do Estado, focando-se na articulação entre a responsabilidade jurídica e a IA, explorando a responsabilidade por facto ilícito, por funcionamento anormal do serviço e pelo risco, concluindo sobre o regime mais adequado para acautelar os possíveis danos decorrentes da utilização das novas tecnologias na prática de atos administrativos automatizados.
- A nova era da tributação global : impactos do pilar II nos preços de transferência e a repartição formulaica como alternativa na avaliação de ativos intangíveisPublication . Silva, Vitória Dornela Ferreira; Santos, Marta Isabel Martins Costa dosA presente dissertação propõe uma análise sobre a integração do Pilar II no paradigma global, focando-se nas medidas de combate ao planeamento fiscal abusivo. O estudo destaca como a digitalização da economia alterou de forma significativa a tributação internacional. Neste contexto, emerge a repartição formulaica como uma solução promissora para enfrentar os desafios impostos pelos ativos intangíveis digitais, promovendo uma justa distribuição da carga tributária. Adicionalmente, a dissertação enfatiza a importância de uniformizar as normas fiscais dos Estados-Membros da OCDE, apontando os problemas e dúvidas geradas pela implementação do Pilar II. A abordagem crítica adotada evidencia as contradições e as incoerências da legislação fiscal atual, que favorecem a evasão fiscal e comprometem a confiança dos cidadãos no sistema fiscal. Ao discutir as exigências regulatórias e as estratégias fiscais, a dissertação oferece uma visão holística das transformações necessárias para garantir um ambiente tributário mais justo e eficiente a nível mundial.
- Photographic poiesis : transformative knowledge of African photographic practicesPublication . Brant, Alfredo; Silva, Ana Luísa dos Santos Diniz daThis doctoral dissertation explores the production of transformative knowledge through creative practices in the realm of contemporary African photography. It draws on visual culture and postcolonial studies as its primary theoretical framework, and decolonial praxis as a guide for concrete interventions in the social sphere. The principal question posed by this investigation is: How can the strategies available in photographic practices afford transformative knowledge? In addition to shaping society through engaged modes of image production, photography enables practitioners to visually decode the world in a unique way. To that extent, it provides access to the subjective sphere, assisting individuals to cope with personal experiences, emotions, and desires. Moreover, photographic practice produces transformative knowledge when it operates as a mechanism for self-learning. Therefore, it is argued that ‘photographic thinking’ is an empowering tool that promotes a decolonial aesthesis (Mignolo and Vazquez 2013) by challenging restrictive Western notions – such as aesthetics and poetics – and allowing a space for micro-narratives to emerge. In approaching the Catchupa Factory residency as a space for learning based on an emancipatory conception of education, we propose the notion of photographic poiesis. It seeks to establish a more dynamic connection between the discipline of visual literacy and photographic production. Such a linkage leads us to a reflection on the pedagogical aspects within the institutional framework of an artistic residency devoted to emerging African photographers, and how it can effectively generate non-hegemonic visual knowledge, social change, and self-actualization. The results are expected to contribute to visual literacy by providing new tools for artists, educators, curators, and practitioners working with photographic images.
- Overcoming diversity and inclusion barriers : operationalising intersectionality as organisational best practicePublication . Faria, Joana Gonçalves; Fioravante, RosaIntersectionality has emerged as a valuable framework in organizational studies, addressing the persistent limitations of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) practices. Despite their widespread adoption, DEI initiatives often face criticism for tokenism and their failure to mitigate systemic inequalities. These shortcomings stem from a single-axis approach to identity, which focuses on individual demographic groups without considering the complex interplay of multiple identities. Intersectionality offers a more holistic perspective, helping organizations recognize how various sources of inequality and privilege interact within the workplace, potentially hindering inclusion efforts. This study employs an inductive approach, rooted in grounded theory, deploying qualitative analysis through the Gioia methodology, to enquire into DEI initiatives implemented by five leading companies in the field. By examining these practices, the findings of the study allow us to identify key dimensions of DEI initiatives deemed crucial to pursue intersectional integration. Based on the latter, the study discusses a model of combined DEI efforts able to pursue intersectional integration, aiming to provide organizations with actionable managerial implications able to overcome existing DEI shortcomings. The study makes three main contributions to the literature. First, it is one of the earliest empirical works to operationalize intersectionality within organizational research. Second, it innovates methodological approaches in intersectionality studies while strengthening its connection to business ethics. Third, it advances DEI literature by offering a practical model that moves beyond tokenism toward systemic and transformative strategies. This research provides actionable insights for organizations seeking to embed intersectionality in their DEI efforts, fostering more inclusive workplaces.
- Efeito do modelo de enfermeiro de referência nos resultados em saúde da pessoa idosa com multimorbilidade no hospital : estudo quasi-experimentalPublication . Gonçalves, Maria Isabel Rodrigues; Jesus, Élvio de; Nunes, ElisabeteIntroduction: Average life expectancy is increasing, as is the likelihood of chronic disease in the elderly population, which may increase the need for health services. With regard to hospital care and in particular inpatient care, organizing care according to the primary nursing model could be an effective way of improving health outcomes for older people with multimorbidity. Aim: To analyze the effect of the primary nursing care organization model on therapeutic self-care and satisfaction with nursing care in hospitalized elderly people with multimorbidity. Methodology: A quantitative paradigm was used and a quasi-experimental study with a control group was carried out. Two inpatient units with identical characteristics were selected from a private hospital in the Lisbon region. In the intervention unit, the primary nursing model was introduced to organize nursing care, while in the control unit the usual organization of delivering care was maintained. The sample was obtained by convenience, the participants were elderly people with multimorbidity, 106 in the intervention group and 100 in the control group. The Therapeutic Self-Care Scale (Portuguese version) was applied at admission, leaving the unit and follow-up, and the Citizen Satisfaction with Nursing Care Scale (ESCCE) at leaving the unit to participants from both units. Results: The main results showed that on admission to the inpatient unit, participants had different mean self-care scores, which were lower in the intervention group (t (191.045) = - 2.24; p = 0.026). At the time of discharge, the intervention group had a positive and higher variation in mean self-care scores compared to admission than the control group (t (192.67) = 2.28; p = 0.024). At follow-up, there were no significant differences in self-care between the two groups in relation to discharge (t (204.00) = 0.91; p = 0.363). Between follow-up and admission, the intervention group had a positive and higher change in mean self-care scores compared to the control group (t (187.55) = 2.68; p = 0.008). In terms of satisfaction, the intervention group also had higher satisfaction scores than the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (t (204.00) = 1.09; p = 0.138). Conclusion: Organizing care around the primary nursing model had a positive impact on the health outcomes of hospitalized elderly people with multimorbidity, particularly in terms of therapeutic self-care skills. Although more studies are needed, especially experimental ones, these results already have an impact on clinical practice and the management of nursing services, reflected in quality indicators that are sensitive to x nursing care. In education, the primary nursing model encourages students to focus on continuity and coordination of care, which are essential to caring for elderly people with multimorbidity.
- Algoritmos clínicos de apoio à tomada de decisão em enfermagem no cuidado à pessoa com ferida complexaPublication . Silva, Raquel Marques; Alves, Paulo Jorge Pereira; Lopes, MarcosIntroduction: The impact of wounds significantly affects the quality of life and places a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Clinical algorithms are believed to aid clinical reasoning and decision-making by nurses, thereby improving care for individuals with wounds. Objective: To develop and evaluate computerized clinical algorithms to support nursing decision-making in the care of adults with complex wounds. Methods: This mixed-methods study, comprising both qualitative and quantitative approaches, was structured in three phases. In the first phase, preliminary studies were conducted to design clinical algorithms, including a scoping review (according to JBI), a descriptive study using two online focus groups (13 participants, thematic analysis), and a prospective cohort study [data collection performed by nurses through mobile application (app), for six months, in nine Portugal health units, during the follow-up period for up to five weeks with six assessments and the healing time was the main outcome]. In the second phase focused on constructing clinical algorithms based on a deductive knowledge model using "if-then" logic and the Outcome-Present State-Test model, and achieving a consensus among experts and a consensus of judges developed to evaluate the content created through online questionnaires submitted to 105 participants. In the third phase, the constructed clinical algorithms were implemented in an app through a prospective cohort study (data collection performed by nurses through an app, for six months, in seven Portugal health units, during the follow-up period for up to four weeks, with three assessments. Up to three health ethics commissions approved the studies. Results: The scoping review and cohort study revealed primarily that local factors related to wound characteristics have a greater impact on healing than systemic or demographic factors. Features to be incorporated into an app for wound care should include image capture, professional communication, decision support, and action safety promotion. Clinical algorithms were created to support wound type diagnosis and therapeutic planning for intermediate and comprehensive wound monitoring, based on clinical reasoning with an emphasis on outcomes and the analysis of multiple conditions. Thirteen logical conditions for wound type, 40 informational alerts, 10 general recommendations, and 32 specific recommendations were successfully validated, with no items eliminated, and all achieved content evaluation indices statistically equal to or greater than 0.8 or within confidence intervals. In implementation, the overall agreement between the nurse's diagnosis and the algorithm-suggested diagnosis was moderate at 0.406 (CI 0.243-0.569). For therapeutic plan support algorithms, 85.3% and 90.3% of nurses followed the recommendations for comprehensive and intermediate monitoring, respectively. Alerts issued were evaluated with means of 4.34 (SD=0.82) for comprehensive monitoring and 4.33 (SD=0.97) for intermediate monitoring, on a scale of 1 to 5. Conclusion: The identified evidence on prognostic factors for delayed healing and the developed assessment tool allow nurses to improve reliability in characterizing individuals with wounds, anticipate complications, and individualize interventions. The successful implementation of clinical algorithms has practical applicability to improve care quality, reduce subjectivity in clinical reasoning and decision, and enhance action safety by incorporating updated evidence and innovative technology.
- Conteúdos não-ficcionais imersivos no ciberespaçoPublication . Mauro, Ana Paula Vieira Peixoto; Ganito, Carla Susana Monteiro; Ferreira, Cátia Sofia AfonsoEsta tese dedica-se a compreender o panorama dos conteúdos não-ficcionais com objetivos imersivos, que tratam de temas complexos e que são mediados no ciberespaço, tendo por objetivo final apontar boas práticas em um projeto dessa natureza. Para tanto, empenhou-se uma fundamentação teórica e uma componente empírica. Na fundamentação teórica, problematizamos o ciberespaço, circunscrevemos as noções aqui consideradas de narrativa, não-narrativa, representação não-ficcional, estratégias imersivas, bem como os tratamentos e cuidados necessários a um conteúdo mediado no ecossistema digital. Na componente empírica, observamos o corpus de investigação, nomeadamente o panorama geral dos webdocumentários e das obras de jornalismo multimédia, para depois mergulharmos em cada um desses objetos por meio de dois estudos de caso múltiplos. Tanto no estudo de caso múltiplo do web-documentário, quanto no do jornalismo multimédia, as diversas características discutidas ao longo do trabalho foram concretamente estudadas, nas quais identificamos aspetos distintivos da ordem da arquitetura da informação, do design do conteúdo, do uso da polifonia e das bases de dados – com particular destaque no tratamento visual e interativo desses dados no jornalismo multimédia – da coautoria e da audiência participativa, bem como da criação de universos narrativos, nos quais se destacam estratégias imersivas de diversas ordens. Como conclusão, elencamos uma série de boas práticas na produção e configuração de um web-documentário, para a qual exercitamos tais diretrizes em um web-doc hipotético sobre dação de sangue. Nove boas práticas destacam-se como considerações importantes na representação de conteúdos não-ficcionais complexos no ciberespaço: orientar a cocriação com os sujeitos retratados, abraçar a multidisciplinaridade desde o início do projeto, incorporar metodologias de design, modularizar o conteúdo para estruturá-lo, compreender o discurso a que o próprio conteúdo orienta, aproveitar recursos de bancos de dados e de visualização de dados, utilizar a polifonia através da interatividade, criar um universo em torno do conteúdo e permitir que a audiência contribua e partilhe o material.
- «O Porto de sempre. Hoje» Artur de Magalhães Basto, 1894-1960 : sua consolidação patrimonial e historiográfica em PortugalPublication . Basto, João Maria Távora de Magalhães; Castro, LauraO historiador Artur de Magalhães Basto (1894-1960), cronista e investigador, reconhecido e referido, na cidade onde nasceu, em vida, e depois de morto, deixou matéria para se proceder à sua consolidação, junto da história da arte e para a cultura nacional. O programa, que desenvolveu na Bolsa de que usufruiu no Instituto de Alta Cultura, e no projecto que estaria na origem do volume Apontamentos para um Dicionário de artistas e artífices que trabalharam no Porto do século XV ao século XVIII, suporte fundamental para o reconhecimento da sua contribuição para o estudo da história da Arte, são abordados, primeiro, no seu recorte biográfico, e logo na sua tão longa quanto dispersa e significativa bibliografia, que se apresentem capítulo independente. Por fim, e para o futuro, o projecto «O Porto de sempre. Hoje», ensaia-se como prova de fogo museológica, numa «Casa-torre» que o pode albergar, que o deve memorizar, e cujo valor patrimonial sucessivamente o legitimará e valorizará. Para a musealização aparente dos seus agentes e demais rotas patrimoniais, far-se-ão algumas propostas para um espaço de memória, Gabinete de Artur de Magalhães Basto que são já o culminar do presente trabalho de investigação.
- On the borderlands of culture : Israeli migrants beyond the TejoPublication . Iancu, Zohar; Gil, Isabel Maria de Oliveira Capeloa; Barkay, TamarAt the heart of this dissertation is the phenomenon of Israeli-Jewish citizens migrating to Europe, specifically to rural Portugal. This migration trend has gained increasing visibility in Israeli media in recent years. Numerous articles and news reports are dedicated to the emigration of Israeli-Jewish citizens from the nation-state. Within this context, migration to Portugal has often been portrayed as "the new dream" for Israelis. Against this backdrop, this study focuses on migration to the region of south-western Alentejo, Portugal. This area has become a popular destination for those seeking alternative lifestyles, including Israelis. The trend suggests that migration to Alentejo is influenced by and reflective of cultural and socio-economic trends at the Israeli, global, and local levels. To achieve a multi-dimensional and nuanced comprehension of the phenomenon at hand, the research is analytically grounded in cultural and sociological theorizations of migration and diaspora, particularly in the context of contemporary Israeli society. Concretely, the study juxtaposes considerations from culture, border, and diaspora studies, utilizes the notion of symbolic boundaries, and builds on research on in- and out-migration within Israel, and global trends of counterurbanization. This body of research and scholarship allows for the exploration of the thesis that phenomenon of the “borderlands” of Israeli cultural identity can challenge both the collective boundaries and the internal divisions within Israeli culture. Essentially, Israeli emigration to Portugal represents a territorial border crossing. However, this dissertation suggests that contextualizing this border crossing within a broader perspective contributes to our understanding of how physical and symbolic boundaries work together to shape mental, physical, and social human existence. To thoroughly explore the subjective experiences and perceptions of Jewish-Israelis in Alentejo, Portugal, the study employed an interdisciplinary qualitative approach. Data was collected over three years, from August 2021 to May 2023, using multiple research methods, including participant observations of holiday ceremonies, gatherings, and cultural events; 21 in-depth interviews with JewishIsraeli citizens residing in Alentejo, and a focus group of Jewish-Israeli women. The visual research method known as “photovoice” was utilized to document the daily lives of the women in the focus group. The research shows that while initially aiming to distance themselves from Israeli culture and other Israelis while pursuing cosmopolitan, alternative lifestyles, the participants in the fieldwork maintain close and intricate connections with their culture of origin, often forging meaningful social relationships with other Israelis in the region. Based on this finding, the study suggests that the participants operate within a “cultural borderland”—a liminal and hybrid space that draws on Israeli cultural practices while at the same time challenging conventional Israeli-Jewish collective identity. Overall, the dissertation suggests that the case study of the Israeli diasporic space in Alentejo illuminates how ex-Israeli communities are constructed and reimagined beyond Israeli national and cultural borders. In doing so, this dissertation aims to amplify voices that are often excluded from discourses on Israeli migration. The study’s empirical and analytical contributions enrich the literature on diasporas, particularly in the emerging field of modern Israeli diasporas, as well as in research on current migration patterns to rural Portugal, academic inquiry into the nexus of culture and borders, and the study of Israeli society and culture.
- The representation of homosexual cowboys in hollywood westerns, 1946-1972Publication . Ni, Bing; Burnay, Catarina do Amaral Dias Duff; Baptista, Tiago Ribeiro RamosThe presence of homosexual cowboy is inextricably linked to the narrative of the American West set on the frontier. This connection has been consistently corroborated: in historical accounts, frequent and abundant homosexual male behavior, relationships, and even family patterns became an integral part of the Western movement; in literature, homosexual stories and complexes with cowboys as protagonists exist either as main narratives or as hidden plots; in life, a large number of homosexual cowboys have dominated the once heterosexual male-dominated rodeo scene. However, in the world of Westerns, homosexual men and cowboys seem to be forced to exist in the zone between the closet and the world. "Brokeback Mountain" (2005), "The Power of the Dog" (2021), and even Pedro Almodóvar's short film "Strange Way of Life" (2023) all present the theme of homosexual cowboys on the big screen through different genres. Most of these films have been met with great controversy. The controversy, destined to become a topic, centered on whether homosexual cowboys were allowed to exist in the frontier narrative. Therefore, we need to ask: What if homosexual cowboys in Western films were not "invented" in the 21st century? What if they were hidden in the closet of film due to censorship and other factors? This study will focus on the depiction of homosexual content in Westerns from the 1950s to the 1970s and argue that homosexual cowboys exist in these movies and their portrayal is not merely a two-dimensional reference but a fully developed representation. This study will use quantitative methods to conduct a content analysis of selected films. It aims to explore the representation of the homosexual cowboy figure in both traditional Westerns and post-Westerns by examining recurring themes such as masculinity, violence, eroticism, and intimacy across different time periods, thereby establishing the significance of their presence in Western films.