CIEP - Contribuições em Revistas Científicas / Contribution to Journals
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- Estratégias metodológicas qualitativas em sociedades em conflito e pós-conflito: perspetivas da Etiópia e da LibériaPublication . Dias, Alexandra Magnólia; Calléja, LucieEste artigo analisa estratégias metodológicas qualitativas aplicáveis a contextos de conflito e pós-conflito, com foco na Etiópia e na Libéria. Ambos os países passaram por transformações profundas após períodos de violência prolongada, sendo contextos particularmente valiosos para a investigação de tipo qualitativa. Entre o leque de técnicas analisadas, destacam-se a investigação etnográfica, as entrevistas semiestruturadas, focus groups, a pesquisa participativa e a observação participante no trabalho de campo. A integração dessas técnicas permitiu captar as nuances das dinâmicas sociais, das narrativas coletivas e das experiências de grupos minoritários ou em situação de exclusão e vulnerabilidade em sociedades pós- -conflito. Ao oferecer essas perspetivas, o artigo contribui para aprofundar a compreensão dos desafios enfrentados e aponta caminhos que podem orientar intervenções de reconstrução da paz nesses dois países.
- With friends like these: love and friendship with AI agentsPublication . Lott, Micah; Hasselberger, WilliamThis paper focuses on a central question for Human-AI interaction: Can you be friends with an AI agent? If not, why not? Some have argued that friendship with AI agents is impossible because software artifacts do not, and cannot, care about you. Proponents of human–machine friendships have responded that such relationships may indeed be one-sided, but still count as relationships of genuine love and affection—perhaps constituting a whole new category of friendship. Our paper takes a different path. We argue that you cannot be friends with an AI agent because you cannot sensibly be a friend to an AI agent. Being a friend to an AI would require caring about the good of the AI agent for its own sake, and it does not make sense to care about an AI agent in that way, since these agents lack a good of their own. After spelling out this argument, and responding to several objections, we highlight some initial implications of our argument, the most important of which is that the very idea of a tool – or, technological fix – to address social isolation and loneliness is misguided.
- Rousseau's general will and the risk of tyrannyPublication . Moreira, IvoneThe aim of this paper is to analyze Rousseau’s concept of the “General Will” and the related risk of tyranny.1 To achieve this goal, we will start with the concept of General Will as it relates to Rousseau’s anthropo¬logical thought and then examine the difficulties with the implementa-tion of the General Will model, both conceptual and practical, and the likelihood of its ending in a tyrannical system.
- Assessing ecotourism opportunities in Macaronesian Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): an adapted MEET indicator-based methodologyPublication . Casimiro, Daniela; Escudero, Marina Diaz; Guerreiro, José Ângelo; Ventura, Maria AnunciaçãoTourism significantly contributes to the economic growth of countries, especially in insular areas such as Small Islands Developing States (SIDSs) or the outmost regions of Europe. If managed properly, ecotourism offers a sustainable alternative by promoting nature conservation while benefiting local communities. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology to assess the existing conditions in marine protected areas (MPAs) in the Macaronesian archipelagos for the development of ecotourism activities. To achieve this, the methodology of the Mediterranean Experience of Ecotourism (MEET) was adapted to the unique environmental, social, and economic context of the region. A set of indicators was developed and refined through expert evaluation and the results revealed a strong level of satisfaction with the indicators created. This approach contributes to the sustainable management of MPAs by providing a practical tool to evaluate their potential for ecotourism development. The refined indicators can assist policymakers, MPA managers, and stakeholders in designing sustainable ecotourism products that align with conservation goals, ensuring long-term ecological and economic benefits for the Macaronesian region.
- Auditoria de resultados e avaliação de políticas públicas: o caso das instituições superiores de controloPublication . Viana, Luis Cracel; Carpinteiro, José PalmaEste artigo apresenta dois instrumentos de governança pública à disposição das Instituições Superiores de Controlo (ISC), a auditoria de resultados e a avaliação de políticas, destinados a promover a accountability e a aprendizagem no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas. São fornecidas as respetivas definições e tipos e, em relação à auditoria de resultados, o documento discorre sobre a tensão entre independência e relevância das práticas de auditoria, associada às funções estilizadas de “cão de guarda” e de “cão pastor”. O ambiente regulatório para o desenvolvimento da avaliação de políticas pelas ISC é brevemente descrito. A contribuicao do artigo e o desenho de um conjunto de parâmetros e conteúdos associados a cada um dos dois instrumentos que permite a sua comparação e evolução, contrastando com a tendência da literatura que insiste na identificação de semelhanças e diferenças entre eles.
- Fitness assessment in acute myeloid leukemia: recommendations from an expert panel on behalf of the European LeukemiaNetPublication . Venditti, Adriano; Palmieri, Raffaele; Maurillo, Luca; Röllig, Christoph; Wierzbowska, Agnieszka; de Leeuw, David; Efficace, Fabio; Curti, Antonio; Lam Ngai, Lok; Tettero, Jesse; Adès, Lionel; Almeida, António; Bullinger, Lars; Dennis, Mike; Esteve, Jordi; Ferrara, Felicetto; Heuser, Michael; Huls, Gerwin; Lübbert, Michael; Mehta, Priyanka; Montesinos, Pau; Pabst, Thomas; Récher, Christian; Rossi, Giuseppe; Russell, Nigel; Sierra, Jorge; Stauder, Reinhard; Vey, Norbert; Walter, Roland B.; Wang, Eunice; Nier, Samantha; Garcez Martins, Carolina; Ossenkoppele, GertFitness assessment in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is critical to deliver the right therapy to the right patient. Although several scoring systems are available to aid in determining fitness, the absence of validation studies has resulted in the lack of universally accepted assessment procedures. This limitation, combined with the increasing availability of novel agents expanding the spectrum of less-intensive options, has introduced additional complexity to the fitness assessment process. In this evolving context, fitness should reflect eligibility for a specific treatment among the several available, rather than a generic binary classification of eligibility for intensive chemotherapy. Moreover, the growing emphasis on patient-centered care, further highlights the importance of integrating quality of life, patient preferences, patient self-reported physical and social functioning status, social support, and early integration of palliative care into the assessment framework. A modern interpretation of fitness assessment should incorporate a comprehensive evaluation that extends beyond traditional clinical and biological disease characteristics. Thus, fitness assessment in patients with AML represents only 1 piece of a larger puzzle, encompassing the patient’s overall capacity to sustain and benefit from a specific therapeutic program.
- Nation, state, and economy: ’true science’ as a foundation for ideologyPublication . Moreira, Pedro GóisThomas Carlyle famously called economy the 'dismal science.' In fact, technocratic views are often used as foundations for the existence of wide worldviews or ideologies. This relationship can be observed in the early writings of Ludwig von Mises around the First World War. Although Mises was, at all times in his career, explaining and describing economic processes, his writings acquire a decisive political-narrative emphasis in Nation, State, and Economy (1919). As we will try to show, his attempts to ground political solutions in epistemology go far beyond economic scientific work. Can 'true science' serve as a foundation for an ideology? By analysing his political thought (1907-1919), it is argued that Mises shifted in this respect as a reaction against the First World War. Socialism, according to Mises, is based on ideological choices devoid of solid scientific foundations. However, we will argue that Mises is, in the end, conceptually mimicking the socialists he criticizes, notably in both ideologies' claim that they represent a 'true science.' Mises himself seemed more or less aware of this fact.
- O desencantamento do NatalPublication . Cruz, Manuel Braga daTendo como inspiração a famosa expressão de Max Weber sobre o "desencantamento do mundo", neste artigo refere -se a crescente secularização do Natal, o acontecimento, que dividiu a história do mundo e dos homens em antes e depois. Compara-se a actual festa laica com as celebrações tradicionais – a propósito das quais se referem autores como Leite Vasconcelos e Júlio Dinis - e conclui-se que o Natal se mercantilizou. Contudo, verificamos que, sendo dramática a situação em que vivemos, tanto mais necessitamos de ouvir o "rumor de anjos" e de celebrar a festividade religiosa do Natal.
- Análise do conceito de natureza humana em Burke e RousseauPublication . Moreira, IvoneQuando se trata de apreciar a relação entre Burke e Rousseau a posição mais comum é considerar, a partir do pensamento dos dois autores, que eles estão em polos opostos. Apesar das divergências, aquilo que alguns estudiosos, conhecedores quer de um quer de outro autor, afirmam é que a acepção que os interpreta como opostos se baseia numa apreciação superficial e que, se pusermos de parte o preconceito e as aparentes divergências, encontraremos mais pontos de contacto do que esperaríamos encontrar. Este artigo limitar-se-á à análise das diferenças entre os dois autores no que respeita à concepção da natureza do homem na sua relação com a sociedade.