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- Os direitos sociais num contexto de austeridade: um elogio fúnebre ao princípio da proibição do retrocesso social?Publication . Botelho, Catarina Santos
- PrefácioPublication . Botelho, Catarina Santos
- Os direitos e deveres fundamentais do homemPublication . Botelho, Catarina Santos
- Measuring procedural and substantial amendment rules: an empirical explorationPublication . Garoupa, Nuno; Botelho, Catarina SantosConstitutional amendment difficulty or rigidity has generated extensive literature in recent times, both conceptually and empirically. Although constitutional scholars seem divided about the importance and significance of amendment limits, there has been a proliferation of indicators and statistical analysis. In this Article, while recognizing the normative debate, we provide an empirical exploration for thirty-seven countries based on factor analysis of both formal procedural rules—usually the focus of empirical work—and substantial amendment rules—which are less developed in the quantitative literature. We discuss the existing contradictions across available indicators. Implications for the literature are derived.
- Comentário às disposições introdutórias da lei n.º 67/2007, de 31 de dezembroPublication . Vaz, Manuel Afonso; Botelho, Catarina Santos
- A proteção das gerações futuras: cotejo axiológico entre o passado, o presente e o futuroPublication . Botelho, Catarina SantosVivemos numa “sociedade de risco”, no sentido de ser uma sociedade incerta, embebida num constante e acelerado devir, em que se torna crescentemente desafiante assegurar o bem-estar (e, quiçá, a própria subsistência) das gerações futuras . Foi neste cenário que a noção de “responsabilidade intergeracional” enveredou por um difícil – e ainda longínquo – caminho de transição do domínio da reflexão ética, empírica e filosófica para uma tentativa de densificação normativa, não apenas no plano interno dos Estados, mas igualmente no plano internacional.
- Artigo 164.º: Reserva absoluta de competência legislativaPublication . Miranda, Jorge; Botelho, Catarina Santos
- Between shared and unique constitutional traits: the portuguese constitutional traditionPublication . Botelho, Catarina SantosTen years after the entry into force of the “identity clause”, densified by the Lisbon Treaty (2009), we should reflect on its exact extent (Article 4, § 2 TEU). The principle of the respect of the national identities of Member States conveys that European political integration cannot annihilate national state’ minimum core of political and constitutional self-determination. My point is that, whatever the scholarly stance adopted, ‘national identity’ should be understood as a cluster-concept that assembles a myriad of identities, such as cultural, linguistic and social identities or political, or economic ones. ‘Constitutional identity’ is a legal concept open to many interpretations. The European Court of Justice (ECJ) endeavored to clarify it, without success. In other situations, the ECJ has plainly avoided the subject, preferring other routes of argumentation. Does ‘constitutional identity’ mean the specific constitutional traits of each state, such as having a written or unwritten constitution, being a republic or a monarchy, the system of government, the protection of a State’s official national language, and the extension of the right’s catalog? Or does it have something to do with the cultural context in which a constitution operates? As a given constitutional identity is fluid, it can never be fully acknowledged in the present time. In some sense, it is always partially revealed, and it can evolve. Since ‘constitutional identity’ captures the “core or fundamental elements or values of a particular member state’s constitutional order” or ‘the individuality or essence of an order”, we wonder: Is ‘constitutional identity’ a constitution inside the constitution and, therefore, immune to change?