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- Educação inclusiva: proposta de um modelo de avaliação: alguns processos e resultadosPublication . Almeida, Maria de Fátima; Carvalho, MarisaA avaliação da educação inclusiva constitui um desafio central para os sistemas educativos contemporâneos, particularmente quando se pretende compreender de que modo as orientações políticas são concretizadas nas práticas escolares. O presente artigo apresenta o processo e alguns resultados de um estudo de caso realizado num agrupamento de escolas português, desenvolvido no âmbito de uma investigação de doutoramento, cujo objetivo foi analisar o grau de inclusão desse estabelecimento de ensino e identificar áreas de melhoria. A investigação foi orientada por dois enquadramentos conceptuais principais: o modelo input–process– output–outcome e a abordagem analítica policy–practice gap. A partir destes referenciais foi proposto um modelo de avaliação ad hoc designado INCLUIR – Interação entre Normas, Concretização, Lideranças, Usuários, Interpretações e Resultados. Metodologicamente, adotou‑se uma abordagem mista baseada na triangulação de fontes e métodos, integrando análise documental, questionários e focus groups. Participaram no estudo professores (n=78), alunos no geral (n=273), alunos pertencentes a grupos de maior vulnerabilidade (n=23) e pais ou encarregados de educação (n=113). Os resultados evidenciam um compromisso institucional relevante com a inclusão, expresso na valorização da diversidade, na colaboração entre docentes e na existência de orientações organizacionais que procuram diminuir as desvantagens de diferentes grupos de alunos. Contudo, foram também identificados desafios relacionados com, entre outros, a monitorização das práticas, o clima escolar, o envolvimento parental, a falta de concordância entre perceções dos diversos intervenientes face aos mesmos constructos. O estudo sugere que a equidade é mais bem aceite, quer por alunos quer por pais, se aplicada de forma universal ou de forma discreta, contribuindo para a importância de ser reforçado o estudo e a prática de ações pedagógicas que o permitam, como é o caso do Desenho Universal para a Aprendizagem.
- Social support for functional dependence, activity patterns, and chronic pain outcomes: a cross-lagged mediation panel studyPublication . Bernardes, Sónia F.; Brandão, Tânia; Matos, Marta Osório de; Ferreira-Valente, Alexandra
Objective: Received social support undermining engagement in life activities of individuals with chronic pain (e.g., solicitousness, support for functional dependence) is consistently correlated with worse physical functioning, pain severity, and disability. Whether such responses lead to worse pain outcomes (operant model of pain) or the latter lead to more supportive responses undermining activity engagement (social communication and empathy models of pain) is unknown, given the lack of cross-lagged panel studies. Furthermore, the mediating role of activity patterns in such relationships over time is entirely unclear. This study aimed to bridge these gaps. Method: This was a 3-month prospective study with three waves of data collection (T1–T3; 6-week lag in-between), including 130 older adults (71% women; Mage = 78.26) with musculoskeletal chronic pain attending day-care centers. At every time point, participants filled out self-report measures of staff social support for functional dependence, activity patterns, physical functioning, pain severity, and interference. Scales showed good/very good test–retest reliability (ICC = .74–.96) and internal consistency (all α >.90). Results: Parsimonious cross-lagged panel mediation models showed the best fit (χ²/df < 2.44; CFI >.96; GFI >.93; RMSEA < .09). Bidirectional effects were found over time, but poorer pain outcomes at T1 (higher pain severity/interference, lower physical functioning) more consistently predicted higher social support for functional dependence than vice versa. Poorer pain outcomes (T1) predicted more avoidance/less overdoing (T3), via increased received support for functional dependence (T2). Conclusion: Further research on the cyclical relationships between the study variables across chronic pain trajectories is needed to harness the power of interpersonal relationships in future self-management interventions. Older adults with worse chronic musculoskeletal pain outcomes report receiving from day-care centers’ staff more support promoting their functional dependence; in turn, the latter also slightly predicts poorer pain outcomes and less activity engagement over time. Formal caregivers are encouraged to notice the role of such interpersonal supportive exchanges in older adults’ chronic adaptation processes.
- Two faces of police stress: Spanish validation of operational and organizational PSQ scalesPublication . Vilalta, Susanna Rubiol; Moreno, Ana F.; Hill, Rowena; Oliveira-Silva, PatríciaIntroduction – Police officers face multiple psychosocial risks stemming from operational and organizational aspects of their work. The Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) includes operational (PSQ-Op) and organizational (PSQ-Org) versions to assess these stressors. This study aimed to validate both versions in a sample of Mossos d’Esquadra, examining their factorial structure, reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity. Methods – Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the internal structure of the PSQ-Op and PSQ-Org. Internal consistency was evaluated using reliability indices. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed through correlations with measures of anxiety, depression, and coping strategies. Results – Both PSQ-Op and PSQ-Org showed an essentially unidimensional structure, indicating that each scale measures a coherent latent construct. Operational and organizational stress remained distinct domains. Both scales exhibited high reliability and adequate psychometric properties. Subtle gender differences were noted in the perception of specific stressors. Discussion – These findings support the validity and reliability of the PSQ-Op and PSQ-Org for assessing psychosocial risks among Spanish police officers. The scales can inform interventions targeting workplace stress prevention and the promotion of organizational well-being, emphasizing the need to address operational and organizational stressors separately.
- O enquadramento normativo da extensão na educação superior angolana: uma análise à luz do modelo context, input, process, productPublication . Morais, Tomásia Francisca Estevão; Palmeirão, CristinaA extensão universitária em Angola desempenha um papel relevante na aproximação entre a universidade e a comunidade, constituindo uma via de aplicação prática do conhecimento académico e científico para o desenvolvimento territorial, inovação comunitária, cidadania e capacitação social. Apesar da diversidade de iniciativas desenvolvidas pelas instituições de ensino superior (IES) angolanas, a ausência de orientações normativas claras tem condicionado a sua organização, articulação e sustentabilidade. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os desafios e as perspetivas da regulamentação da extensão universitária em Angola, considerando o contexto histórico, os dispositivos legais existentes e as fragilidades institucionais identificadas. Do ponto de vista metodológico, adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, baseada em pesquisa documental e análise hermenêutica de legislação, políticas públicas e documentos institucionais do ensino superior angolano, recorrendo ao modelo Context, Input, Process e Product (CIPP). Os resultados evidenciam a inexistência de uma política nacional estruturada de extensão universitária, o que compromete a sua articulação com o ensino, a pesquisa e a responsabilidade social das IES. Conclui-se que o fortalecimento do enquadramento normativo da extensão universitária constitui um fator central para a sua institucionalização e para a consolidação do seu papel no desenvolvimento educacional e social no contexto angolano.
- Extensão universitária em Angola: entre o reconhecimento institucional e os desafios da transformação educacional e socialPublication . Morais, Tomásia Francisca Estevão; Palmeirão, CristinaA extensão universitária constitui um dos pilares do ensino superior, sendo frequentemente associada à promoção da transformação educacional e social. No contexto angolano, contudo, persistem lacunas na sua conceptualização e operacionalização. O presente artigo analisa criticamente o valor atribuído à extensão universitária em Angola, procurando compreender como os atores institucionais percecionam o seu papel como vetor de transformação educacional e social ou se permanece como uma promessa institucional não completamente concretizada. A investigação adotou uma abordagem metodológica mista, combinando dados quantitativos (n= 211) e qualitativos obtidos através da aplicação de questionários a docentes e estudantes e da realização de entrevistas a gestores de instituições de ensino superior. Os resultados revelam que, embora a extensão seja reconhecida como um pilar estratégico da missão universitária, persistem fragilidades quanto à sua institucionalização, financiamento e articulação com o ensino e a investigação. Conclui-se que a extensão poderá assumir um papel efetivamente transformador quando sustentada por políticas institucionais consistentes e pelo envolvimento ativo da comunidade académica e social.
- Development and validation of the mental health literacy among Malaysian population (MyMHL) cross-culturally adapted Malay version of MHLq-SVa and MHLSPublication . Yong, Teresa Sui Mien; Azamuddin, Ain Aqiela; Sazali, Siti Syakirin; Johari, Mohamad Zabri; Ahmad, Masitah; Perialathan, Komathi; Campos, LuisaMental health remains taboo in many societies, where stigma often hinders open dialogue and delays support-seeking. Culturally relevant literacy tools is crucial to normalize discussions and encourage early interventions. This study aimed to develop and validate a mental health literacy tool tailored to Malaysia’s multicultural context. The study began with a structured review aligned with Malaysia’s mental health literacy framework. Content and face validity were assessed by six experts and 38 participants using CVI and FVI. Psychometric testing followed in three cycles (May-August 2024) with 500 randomly selected adults proportionally representing ethnicity and locality in Malaysia. Exploratory Factor Analysis identified six factors explaining 71.53% of variance: mental health information knowledge seeking (α = 0.834), attitudes promoting recognition and appropriate help-seeking behaviour (α = 0.914), mental health problems knowledge (α = 0.865), erroneous beliefs and stereotypes (α = 0.831), help-seeking behaviour and first aid skills (α = 0.858), self-help strategies (α = 0.905). Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed acceptable fit, while ICC values above 0.8 confirmed strong reliability. The final 26-item tool demonstrated validity and reliability for Malaysia’s diverse population. This tool offers a culturally sensitive approach to identifying literacy levels, thereby informing targeted interventions and policy initiatives to strengthen early recognition, reduce stigma, and enhance mental health support systems for Malaysia.
- Development and validation of the mental health literacy among Malaysian population (MyMHL) cross-culturally adapted Malay version of MHLq-SVa and MHLSPublication . Yong, Teresa Sui Mien; Azamuddin, Ain Aqiela; Sazali, Siti Syakirin; Johari, Mohamad Zabri; Ahmad, Masitah; Perialathan, Komathi; Campos, LuisaMental health remains taboo in many societies, where stigma often hinders open dialogue and delays support-seeking. Culturally relevant literacy tools is crucial to normalize discussions and encourage early interventions. This study aimed to develop and validate a mental health literacy tool tailored to Malaysia’s multicultural context. The study began with a structured review aligned with Malaysia’s mental health literacy framework. Content and face validity were assessed by six experts and 38 participants using CVI and FVI. Psychometric testing followed in three cycles (May-August 2024) with 500 randomly selected adults proportionally representing ethnicity and locality in Malaysia. Exploratory Factor Analysis identified six factors explaining 71.53% of variance: mental health information knowledge seeking (α = 0.834), attitudes promoting recognition and appropriate help-seeking behaviour (α = 0.914), mental health problems knowledge (α = 0.865), erroneous beliefs and stereotypes (α = 0.831), help-seeking behaviour and first aid skills (α = 0.858), self-help strategies (α = 0.905). Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed acceptable fit, while ICC values above 0.8 confirmed strong reliability. The final 26-item tool demonstrated validity and reliability for Malaysia’s diverse population. This tool offers a culturally sensitive approach to identifying literacy levels, thereby informing targeted interventions and policy initiatives to strengthen early recognition, reduce stigma, and enhance mental health support systems for Malaysia.
- From concept to proof: developing a neurofeedback-fNIRS protocol to train self-regulation for music performance anxiety in adolescent musiciansPublication . Borges, Nery; Ribeiro, Pedro Rodrigues; Serra, Sofia; Veríssimo, Lurdes; Dias, Pedro; Moura, Nádia; Silva, Inês; Raimundo, Isaac; Oliveira-Silva, PatríciaIntroduction: Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) is a prevalent phenomenon among young musicians, affecting both well-being and artistic performance. Despite its early onset and impact, effective interventions supporting the development of self-regulation of MPA in adolescents remain limited, particularly in relation to neurofeedback-based approaches. In response, this study investigates the feasibility of a Neurofeedback–Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NFDK-fNIRS) training protocol designed to support this process within a proofof-concept research framework. Methods: The protocol alternated MPA induction and regulation within audio-guided sessions conducted in school settings to ensure ecological validity and to integrate top-down control with gradual exposure to performance contexts. The conceptual development and operationalization of the protocol resulted in a theoretical–methodological framework combining gradual exposure, guided imagery, and neurophysiological self-regulation training. This protocol was implemented through standardized auditory scripts and systematic procedures to ensure replicability and experimental coherence. The proof-of-concept implementation was conducted with three female adolescent participants (aged 12–13) across four individual sessions designed to progressively develop physiological self-regulation in response to MPA. Results: The procedure demonstrated technical feasibility, hemodynamic signal stability, and participants’ gradual adaptation to the training. fNIRS data revealed increased modulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, consistent with topdown self-regulatory learning mechanisms. Researchers’ reflective journals emphasized practical aspects such as equipment calibration, session duration, and participant engagement. Discussion: Altogether, the findings indicate that NFDK-fNIRS represents a technically feasible and ecologically applicable approach for training self-regulation of MPA in adolescents, providing a solid foundation for future studies involving larger samples and controlled validation of the protocol.
- Coping under pressure: police-specific stressors and mental health in Catalonia police forcesPublication . Moreno, Ana F.; Oliveira-Silva, Patrícia; Hill, Rowena; Vilalta, Susanna RubiolIntroduction: Police officers are exposed to elevated psychological risks due to both operational and organizational stressors. Additionally, police officers tend to resort to avoidant coping strategies, which exacerbate poor mental health outcomes, such as burnout and PTSD. Methods: This study aims to examine clinical symptoms (stress, anxiety, depression), coping styles, and perceived stressors among police forces from Catalonia, Spain. A total of 741 officers completed an online survey comprising DASS-21, PSQ-Op, PSQ-Org, Brief COPE and brief open-ended questions. Results: Overall, both operational and organizational stressors were significant predictors of clinical symptoms, with the latter revealing a more pronounced impact. Avoidant coping emerged as the strongest risk factor for distress, while problem-focused coping emerged as a possible protective factor, especially against depression. Both gender and years of service influenced coping strategies: i) female officers reported higher use of adaptive coping, while male officers scored higher in avoidant coping; and ii) more experienced officers reported lower anxiety symptoms but also lower use of active coping strategies. Discussion: These findings underscore the importance of addressing both organizational culture and individual-level factors in promoting psychological resilience, while considering gender and career stage to support sustainable mental health within police forces.
- Fundeb e transição demográfica: efeitos distributivos e sustentabilidade financeira das redes municipais de educação em Caucaia e Eusébio, Ceará, BrasilPublication . Arnaud, José Cavalcante; Alves, José MatiasEste artigo analisa os efeitos do modelo de financiamento educacional via Fundeb sobre a equidade federativa em contextos demográficos contrastantes, com base em um estudo comparativo entre os municípios cearenses de Caucaia (com retração populacional) e Eusébio (em expansão populacional). A pesquisa operacionalizou quatro indicadores principais: taxa de crescimento/redução de matrículas, relação Fundeb/recursos próprios, custo aluno-ano e densidade institucional da rede. Os dados referentes ao período de 2014 a 2024 revelam que Caucaia apresentou redução de 2,2% nas matrículas e maior dependência do Fundeb (relação 3,44), enquanto Eusébio registrou crescimento de 16,4% e menor dependência (relação 0,87). Fundamentado nos referenciais de Rawls (1999), Sen (2009) e Merton (1968), demonstra-se que o atual modelo, embora incorpore fatores de ponderação e mecanismos redistributivos introduzidos pela EC nº 108/2020 (VAAF, VAAT e VAAR), ao manter como eixo central o número de matrículas ponderadas, tende a produzir efeitos assimétricos em contextos demográficos distintos, com municípios em expansão apresentando ganhos relativos de escala e aqueles em retração enfrentando desafios de sustentabilidade financeira. Conclui-se pela urgência na implementação do Custo Aluno-Qualidade (CAQ) e na adoção de mecanismos redistributivos que considerem variáveis demográficas, fiscais e sociais, assegurando sustentabilidade financeira e justiça educacional em contextos de desigualdade.