CEDH - Contribuições em Revistas Científicas / Contribution to Journals
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Recent Submissions
- Developing leadership: the integrative approach of pro-leader intervention programPublication . Rui Gomes, A.; Morais, CatarinaThe impact of leaders on organizational success has been widely documented, and consequently, the leadership training industry has expanded over the past decades. However, this investment has not consistently translated into better leaders. Leadership intervention programs have received notable criticism, including (a) lacking individualization (‘one size fits all’ approach), (b) an emphasis on pre-defined skills, and (c) insufficient consideration of context, disregarding other members’ and organizations’ characteristics. This paper introduces and discusses Pro-Leader, an intervention program based on the Leadership Efficacy Model (LEM), which aims to promote leadership through a comprehensive approach to training. In essence, LEM proposes that leadership efficacy increases if leaders are congruent in how they intend to exert leadership (conceptual cycle of leadership) and how they indeed implement the leadership (practical cycle of leadership), considering also the leadership behaviors they display when exerting influence (leadership styles), as well as their own, team members’, and contextual characteristics (antecedent factors). The Pro-Leader intervention program is structured according to the LEM and trains participants across these three components: leadership cycles, styles, and antecedent factors.
- Athletes' perspective on parental involvement, motivation, and performance throughout a football seasonPublication . Morais, Catarina; Gomes, A. Rui; Teixeira, Marco; Branco, CatarinaProblem Statement: Athletes’ goal orientation is a widely-studied topic in sports because motivation significantly influences sport participation and overall development. According to Achievement Goal Theory (AGT), athletes adopt either a task/mastery orientation – where success is determined by continuous development – or an ego orientation, where success is determined by comparison to others’ performance. These orientations impact athletes’ effort, perseverance and, ultimately, their performance. However, goal orientation is not only intrinsic; it can also be shaped by parental behaviors and involvement in sports. The present study tests the assumption that athletes’ perception of parental involvement affects their goal achievement orientation, which, in turn, predicts their performance. Approach: A total of 153 young athletes competing at elite levels were followed across a football season. At Time 1 (T1), participants completed a questionnaire assessing their parents’ involvement in sport (for both mothers and fathers), their own goal achievement orientation, and their perceived performance. At Time 2 (T2), the final stage of the season, they again completed a measure of perception of performance. Additionally, objective performance data were collected by researchers at both T1 and T2. Results and Conclusions: The results revealed that athletes’ perceptions of ´parental involvement can influence their goal orientations – specifically, the involvement of their fathers, but not mothers. This, in turn, affects their perceptions of performance, though it does not have an impact on actual (objective) performance. In other words, the more athletes perceive their fathers to be involved in their sport, the stronger their mastery orientation, which contributes to a more positive perception of performance at T1 and consequently T2.
- Intra- and inter-regional complexity in multi-channel awake EEG through multivariate multiscale dispersion entropy for assessing sleep quality and agingPublication . Zandbagleh, Ahmad; Sanei, Saeid; Penalba-Sánchez, Lucía; Rodrigues, Pedro Miguel; Crook-Rumsey, Mark; Azami, HamedAging and poor sleep quality are associated with altered brain dynamics, yet current electroencephalography (EEG) analyses often overlook regional complexity. This study addresses this gap by introducing a novel integration of intra- and inter-regional complexity analysis using multivariate multiscale dispersion entropy (mvMDE) from awake resting-state EEG for the first time. Moreover, assessing both intra- and inter-regional complexity provides a comprehensive perspective on the dynamic interplay between localized neural activity and its coordination across brain regions, which is essential for understanding the neural substrates of aging and sleep quality. Data from 58 participants—24 young adults (mean age = 24.7 ± 3.4) and 34 older adults (mean age = 72.9 ± 4.2)—were analyzed, with each age group further divided based on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores. To capture inter-regional complexity, mvMDE was applied to the most informative group of sensors, with one sensor selected from each brain region using four methods: highest average correlation, highest entropy, highest mutual information, and highest principal component loading. This targeted approach reduced computational cost and enhanced the effect sizes (ESs), particularly at large scale factors (e.g., 25) linked to delta-band activity, with the PCA-based method achieving the highest ESs (1.043 for sleep quality in older adults). Overall, we expect that both inter- and intra-regional complexity will play a pivotal role in elucidating neural mechanisms as captured by various physiological data modalities—such as EEG, magnetoencephalography, and magnetic resonance imaging—thereby offering promising insights for a range of biomedical applications.
- Development of the short and super-short version of the Emergency Reaction QuestionnairePublication . Zsido, Andras N.; Dias, Pedro; Coelho, Carlos M.Emergencies are sudden, life-threatening situations that challenge individuals' ability to respond effectively. The Emergency Reaction Questionnaire (ERQ) is a measure widely used to assess individual differences in emergency behavior; however, its 30-item length may limit its utility in certain contexts. Consequently, in this study, we aimed to develop two abbreviated versions of the ERQ: a short form retaining the original factor structure, and a super-short form that still captures the two core dimensions of readiness and helplessness. We used Item Response Theory to evaluate the psychometric properties of ERQ items and reduce the length of the scale on a large community sample (N=1448). We assessed external validity on a subsample of participants (N=415). Our results showed that the 16-item short and 6-item super-short forms effectively preserved the psychometric robustness of the original ERQ. Both versions successfully differentiated participants, with readiness scales exhibiting a normal distribution and helplessness scales clustering at the extremes. External validity analyses confirmed positive associations between readiness scores and sensation seeking, while helplessness scores were positively correlated with anxiety and trauma sensitivity. These findings align with theoretical frameworks of defensive behavior and support the utility of the ERQ short forms for assessing adaptive and maladaptive responses to emergencies. The ERQ short forms provide versatile tools for a variety of settings, including large-scale screening, disaster preparedness education, and resilience training programs.
- Práticas e contextos de extensão universitária: uma scoping reviewPublication . Morais, Tomásia Francisca Estevão; Palmeirão, CristinaA extensão universitária é uma das funções sociais fundamentais das universidades, caraterizada pela interação dialógica com a comunidade. E a retroalimentação resultante desta interação permite uma mudança interna e externa da universidade. Apesar da indissolubilidade (teórica) entre o ensino, a pesquisa e a extensão na gestão da universidade, para o desenvolvimento e a melhoria da qualidade da oferta formativa das universidades, este último é considerado, em termos institucionais, como “o parente pobre”. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo é o de analisar a literatura relacionada à extensão universitária, a sua conceptualização, o seu modo de organização, as suas modalidades e contextos. Para tal, foi adotada uma scoping review, com o intuito de selecionar, analisar e sintetizar a literatura encontrada em cinco bases de dados: SCOPUS, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), GOOGLE SCHOOLAR, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) e Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP). Os resultados apontam a uma necessidade de se aprofundar mais os estudos acerca da extensão. Pois, apesar de ter havido uma grande evolução na pesquisa e na produção científica, a literatura sobre extensão universitária ainda apresenta lacunas significativas.
- Exploring relations between social and emotional skills and bullying: the role of self-concept and empathyPublication . Veríssimo, Lurdes; Marques, Alexandra; Costa, Marisa; Castro, Isabel; Martins, Filipe; Miranda, FranciscaBullying in school has become a public health problem. Among the various bullying’s risk factors, the vulnerabilities associated with socio-emotional skills stand out. The present study aims to explore the relationship between bullying, victimization, selfconcept, and empathy; to test differences in victimization and bullying between boys and girls; and to study predictors of victimization and bullying. Participated 107 adolescents from 12 to 17 years old characterized by multiple family, social, and economic vulnerabilities. Three measures were used to assess empathy, self-concept, and bullying/victimization experience. The results show a significant negative correlation between victimization and all dimensions of self-concept. Bullying is only associated to popularity. There is no association between empathy and bullying or victimization. Girls significantly experienced more victimization than boys. Boys performed more bullying than girls. Self-concept is a significant predictor of victimization and bullying. Results are discussed in light of the socio-emotional skills paradigm and its power in preventing bullying.
- Reduced sense of danger following two years of COVID-19: fear inoculation or growing recklessness?Publication . Coelho, Carlos M.; Suttiwan, Panrapee; Jaroenkajornkij, Nisara; Araújo, Ana S.; Dias, Pedro; Carvalho, Célia B.; Zsido, Andras N.The COVID-19 pandemic led to sudden changes in many people's lives, due to the risky and unpredictable nature of the disease and the consequences of public policies aimed at controlling its spread. As the pandemic progressed, people became more aware of what to do, and restrictions were relaxed. Our aim was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals' psychological reactions and to examine differences due to long-term exposure between the start of the pandemic in early 2020 and the lifting of restrictions in mid-2022. We used an anonymous online survey at two different points in the COVID-19 pandemic - early 2020 and mid-2022 - and collected data from two independent samples of Portuguese individuals (194 in 2020 and 220 in 2022). Measures of the psychological impact of trauma, emergency response, anxiety and sensation seeking were collected. Participants reported significantly lower levels of negative effects of COVID-19, anxiety and sensation seeking in 2022 compared to 2020. The negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals appears to have gradually decreased between 2020 and 2022.
- Editorial: leadership, learning, well-being, and justice in educational organizationsPublication . Alves, José Matias; Tintoré, Mireia; Serra, Lídia Jesus Pecegueiro
- A comparative study of verbal and visual self-representations: body image and health aspirations of Brazilian and French womenPublication . Silva, Ariane Franco Lopes da; Cohen, GoldaThis study aims to comparatively analyse how young adult women from Brazil and France perceive their bodies and health, through both verbal and visual self-representations. The theory of social representations offers the theoretical framework for this study. A total of 164 women aged 18 to 20 (82 from Brazil and 82 from France) participated in the research. They responded to a questionnaire with word association technique, open-ended sentences and drawing tasks. The data were analysed by the content analysis and visual analysis techniques. The results reveal both com- mon and diverse perspectives and expectations concerning body image, aging, and health. They also show varying perceptions of which body parts require monitoring and control while highlighting contrasts in body satisfaction and dissatisfaction. These results were interpreted through the lens of culture and life experiences. This investigation contributes to a better understanding of both uniformity and diversity in body representations and aids the design of community educational and mental health projects in culturally diverse societies.
- City-level drug policies in Portugal: the Covid-19 pandemic as an analyzer of harm reduction responsiveness in Porto and LisbonPublication . Pires, Cristiana Vale; Curado, Adriana; Fuertes, Ricardo; Carvalho, Maria Carmo; Valente, HelenaBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic health crisis and its potential implications for people who use drugs (PWUD) created permissive conditions toward social innovation and experimentation. Still, it also exposed gaps in harm reduction approaches. Harm reduction responsiveness was informed by the priorities defined at the local level, so it was not applied uniformly in different regions. This paper intends to contribute to the analysis of harm reduction responsiveness during the COVID-19 outbreak by comparing the adaptations and implementation of harm reduction and municipal services to support street-involved (SI) PWUD in two Portuguese cities– Porto and Lisbon. This study aims to shed light on the city-level implementation of drug policies in Portugal. Methods: This study is based on a comparative qualitative analysis based on the experiences of PWUD and Harm Reduction (HR) professionals regarding the implementation of harm reduction responses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Porto and Lisbon. The study is based on interviews with SI PWUD (n = 22, 12 in Porto and 10 in Lisbon) and online focus groups with harm reduction professionals (N = 12, 6 in Porto and 6 in Lisbon). Results: Harm reduction teams in Porto and Lisbon implemented contingency plans and proactive adaptations to respond to the pandemic-related emerging needs. However, the study revealed contrasting experiences in the city-level support to harm reduction and responsiveness to the impacts of COVID-19 among SI PWUD in Porto and Lisbon. There were relevant differences in the support they received from the City Council and the city-level responses implemented to support SI PWUD. While the approach in Porto was described as restrictive and zero-tolerance towards drug use, Lisbon´s strategy was harm reduction-focused and inclusive. The study participants revealed better results in Lisbon regarding the harm reduction responsiveness to the pandemic health crisis and the accessibility and adherence of SI PWUD to services. Conclusion: The pandemic constraints and adaptations must be contextualized in the ongoing city-level debates regarding drug policies and harm reduction in Portugal. Moreover, city-level drug policies and local support are crucial to map the opportunities and challenges of implementing the Portuguese Drug Decriminalization Model in different contexts.