CECC - Contribuições em Revistas Científicas / Contribution to Journals
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- The toll of fighting misinformation: precarity in fact-checking workPublication . Roberts, Jessica; Koliska, MichaelStand-alone fact-checking organizations are a relatively recent addition to the journalistic genre, linked to the rapid adoption of social media and a concurrent rise in fake news, misleading, and false information shared on social media sites. Fact-checking organizations around the world increasingly share norms, practices, and epistemologies, suggesting a growing institutionalization of fact-checking. These institutional similarities suggest that fact-checkers may also share similar professional challenges. To better understand the challenges, the effects of dealing with those challenges, and the ways fact-checkers cope with those effects, this study draws on interviews with 51 fact-checkers working at 41 fact-checking organizations from around the world. Findings suggest that fact-checkers face precarity on multiple levels. Fact-checking work itself presents a challenge as many fact-checkers expressed frustration and despair at the recurring falsehoods or “zombie” misinformation they had to debunk, and others are exposed to misinformation that includes upsetting graphic images that impact fact-checkers’ mental health. Additionally, fact-checkers are frequently attacked by audiences and public figures, such as politicians, even as they face financial challenges to organizational survival. Participants in the study shared a number of strategies to prevent, mitigate, or cope with the worst psychological effects, but the findings point to a need to more systematically address the precarity of fact-checking work.
- Tradução, entre propaganda e diplomacia: a história da edição alemã dos discursos de SalazarPublication . Seruya, TeresaThe article firstly shows how the subject changes directionality in Translation Studies in Portugal, as it deals with official translation into foreign languages. Secondly, it outlines concepts deemed appropriate to address the politics of translation within the National Propaganda Secretariat, such as soft power and propaganda, and their interconnections with information and diplomacy. References are then made to studies on the special relationship between the Portuguese Estado Novo and the Nazi-Regime. The main focus of the article is the reconstruction of the entangled process leading to the German edition of Salazar’s speeches. Two groups of translators were doing the same job at the same time, but one of them had to abandon its translation following a clear interference of the German Embassy in Lisbon.
- Outsourced political campaign: role of pro-government political influencers in spreading hostile narratives in HungaryPublication . Horváth, Kata; Polyák, Gábor; Urbán, ÁgnesDuring the 2024 European Parliament and municipal election campaigns, the ruling Hungarian party, Fidesz, significantly increased its use of populist rhetoric and disinformation techniques through a pro-government political influencer network known as the Megafon Központ (Megafon Center). This study explores the role of this organization in disseminating hostile and manipulative narratives on social media, with a particular focus on how these narratives influence voter decisions and reinforce social polarization in the context of the European Parliament elections. The research employed qualitative content analysis to examine the 105 Megafon videos with the highest advertising costs during the campaign period, identifying the target audience, key messages, as well as the linguistic and visual tools employed. The results show that most videos rely on demonization and fearmongering, often presenting distorted information. Conducted focus group studies revealed that perceptions of Megafon content are highly polarized along political lines. Based on representative public opinion polls, Megafon influencers and the brand itself are not widely recognized by the general public, but they do have visibility among certain social groups. Meanwhile, nearly all Facebook users encounter their content. Additionally, most voters are unaware that this content is paid political advertising. Although respondents often question the credibility of Megafon videos, their persistent presence contributes to social polarization and influences political discourse. The Megafon model is easily adaptable and poses a significant risk to democratic public discourse, as it effectively distorts the information environment for voters on social media.
- Collecting behavioural data across countries during pandemics: development of the COVID-19 risk assessment toolPublication . Peters, Gjalt Jorn; Kwasnicka, Dominika; Hoor, Gill A. ten; Crutzen, Rik; Varol, Tugce; Warner, Lisa Marie; Algargoosh, Mahdi; Ali, Eskinder Eshetu; Anwar, Mudassir; Asih, Sali Rahadi; Baltas, Zuhal Feryal; Berry, Emma; Beyene, Kebede; Campbell, Katarzyna Anna; Carneiro, Bruno Moreira; Castillo-Eito, Laura; Chan, Amy Hai Yan; Chan, Samuel Suk Hung; Cipolletta, Sabrina; DeSmet, Ann; Dewi, Triana Kesuma; Dima, Alexandra Lelia; Encantado, Jorge; Epton, Tracy; Figueiredo, João; Fracaroli, Gustavo Dal Cin; Gauchet, Aurelie; Gebretekle, Gebremedhin Beedemariam; Gérain, Pierre; Godinho, Cristina Albuquerque; Graham-Wisener, Lisa; Green, James A.; Groarke, Jenny M.; Gültzow, Thomas; Guven, Elif Basak; Hermans, Roel C. J.; Hermsen, Sander; Inauen, Jennifer; Kassianos, Angelos P.; Kazantseva, Tatiana Valerievna; Keyaerts, Els; König, Laura Maria; Lange, Daniela; Lauwerier, Emelien; Lie, Yongchan; Liem, Andrian; Luszczynska, Aleksandra; Marques, Marta M.; Moore, Hannah Catherine; Noone, Chris; Nurmi, Johanna; Nurwanti, Ratri; Ok, Yasemin Selekoğlu; Ozbay, Elif Suna; Palacz-Poborczyk, Iga; Pedruzzi, Rebecca Anne; Poppe, Louise; Porter, Lucy Mabel; Powell, Daniel; Rinaldi, Bruna Salati Nan; Ruffault, Alexis; Schmitz, Carsten; Scholz, Urte; Schweitzer, Ana Maria; Shree, Medha; Silva, Carolina C.; Sokang, Yasinta Astin; Tam, Albert W.; Tang, Mei Yee; Tomaino, Silvia Caterina Maria; Beurden, Samantha Barbara van; Verweij, Stefan; Vluggen, Stan; Watkins, Rochelle E.; Zörgő, Szilvia; Roozen, SylviaTools that can be used to collect behavioural data during pandemics are needed to inform policy and practice. The objective of this project was to develop the Your COVID-19 Risk tool in response to the global spread of COVID-19, aiming to promote health behaviour change. We developed an online resource based on key behavioural evidence-based risk factors related to contracting and spreading COVID-19. This tool allows for assessing risk and provides instant support to protect individuals from infection. The Risk Estimation Questions assessed users’ location, age, gender, work environment, day-to-day behaviours currently performed, and conditions under which these behaviours would change. Users were also asked to estimate how often they keep their distance from others in public and regularly wash their hands, and the procedures they follow to do so. A multidisciplinary research team of more than 150 international experts developed the tool. Over 60,000 users in more than 150 countries have assessed their risk and provided data. The majority of respondents reported that they almost always keep their distance from others in public places, and most participants reported washing their hands after touching public or shared surfaces or when entering buildings. The tool, data, and results were openly shared to support government and health agencies developing behaviour change interventions. This tool creates a blueprint for similar digital infrastructure that can be replicated and used in future pandemics.
- Torn between practicality and fear: how strategic communication professionals are adopting artificial intelligencePublication . Dias, Patrícia; Krolow, Priscila; Andrade, José GabrielArtificial Intelligence (AI) is expanding across various contexts and organizations and becoming ingrained in daily practices professionals in strategic communication. This study examines the adoption of AI in strategic communication, mapping how and why professionals integrate AI into their workflows. Specifically, it identifies key AI tools, their applications, and the opportunities and risks their adoption entail. This exploratory study employs a qualitative approach, based on structured interviews to a purposive sample of 16 strategic communication professionals, defined as “professionals working in communication departments or agencies as primary agents of communication” (Heide et al., 2018, p. 1), including communication Directors and Managers. A thematic analysis was applied to the data using MAXQDA software. Our findings reveal widespread AI adoption, with ChatGPT emerging as the most used platform. AI tools are applied in various tasks, including social media content creation, data analysis, process optimization, and workflow facilitation. The main advantages identified are enhanced efficiency, resource optimization, and speed, while challenges revolve around potential displacement and data privacy concerns. Looking ahead, professionals anticipate that AI will increasingly streamline repetitive tasks, allowing them to focus on critical thinking and creative work. This study contributes to understanding AI’s evolving role in strategic communication and highlights key implications for future professional practices.
- Black Mirror: lições de moral para todos os gostosPublication . Amado, Nuno
- A liderança e a medicina interna: breves reflexõesPublication . Ilharco, Fernando
- Literature, mobility, and the archive: notes towards the definition of a poetics of translatedness in Valeria Luiselli’s oeuvre.Publication . Lopes, AlexandraIn 2019 Mexican-born Valeria Luiselli penned Lost Children Archive, which inaugurates her writing in English, and tells the interwoven stories of a blended family, as they take a road trip across America, and of the hardships of children travelling on foot to the US border. The narrative is a poetic representation of lives in transit, and mobility informs it semantically and structurally: it is organized in four parts, each divided into small sections and includes manifold documents. In the narrative, the notion and the experience of the archive are of great importance, emerging out of multiple displacements. This being-in-transit conjures up a literal – it discusses the movement of people –, and figurative – it embraces multiple entanglements, renouncing completeness – translatedness. While Lost Children Archive is a tour the force, and adds a layer of complexity to her writing, Luiselli’s oeuvre, both in Spanish and in English, has always been characterized by an interpenetration of languages, texts, places, and people – a close-knit interweaving of trajectories and memories. This results in an understanding of literature as assemblage, a ground in which to tentatively document existence. As such, it lends itself to an examination of the ways translation shapes the literary in a post-colonial, global(ized) world.
- A ideia de universidade e a formação da inteligentsiaPublication . Faria, Luísa Leal de