Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2024-07-02"
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- Exploring the impact of smart working on burnout among young Italian professionals : the roles of personality and occupational factors in a mixed-methods studyPublication . Accorinti, Flavia; Rajsingh, PeterWith the widespread transformation of the workplace brought about by smart working, and the growing emphasis on employee wellbeing, it is crucial to look more closely at the elements that may contribute to the likelihood of experiencing burnout symptoms. Responding to demands from academics in the field, this thesis investigates the impact of smart working on the propensity to burnout among young Italian professionals. The role of personality traits, measured by the Big Five model, and the significance of unique elements related to remote work, have been considered. Building upon the Job Demands-Resources framework, a mixed method approach was employed, incorporating a survey to collect perspectives of young employees, and interviews to analyze managerial viewpoints. Using both a quantitative and qualitative study, this work explored the potential organizational and personality factors that could contribute to the experience of burnout in remote job settings. The results suggested that smart working is a significant variable in accounting for the variation in burnout propensity among young Italian workers. Work-related factors exert a greater impact on employees' emotional reactions to remote job environments than personal variables. Nevertheless, intriguing findings have been achieved regarding certain personality traits that may have a more pronounced effect. Overall, the insights generated suggested a more holistic approach to smart working, and emphasized the role of the corporate cultures, managers, and leaders as enveloping drivers, able to generate a positive collective response. Important managerial implications were drawn, with the aim of contributing to the fundamental process of burnout prevention.
- Population structure and history of Mycobacterium bovis European 3 clonal complex reveal transmission across ecological corridors of unrecognized importance in PortugalPublication . Pereira, André C.; Lourenço, José; Themudo, Gonçalo; Botelho, Ana; Cunha, Mónica V.Mycobacterium bovis causes animal tuberculosis in livestock and wildlife, with an impact on animal health and production, wildlife management, and public health. In this work, we sampled a multi-host tuberculosis community from the official hotspot risk area of Portugal over 16 years, generating the largest available data set in the country. Using phylogenetic and ecological modeling, we aimed to reconstruct the history of circulating lineages across the livestock-wildlife interface to inform intervention and the implementation of genomic surveillance within the official eradication plan. We find evidence for the co-circulation of M. bovis European 1 (Eu1), Eu2, and Eu3 clonal complexes, with Eu3 providing sufficient temporal signal for further phylogenetic investigation. The Eu3 most recent common ancestor (bovine) was dated in the 1990s, subsequently transitioning to wildlife (red deer and wild boar). Isolate clustering based on sample metadata was used to inform phylogenetic inference, unravelng frequent transmission between two clusters that represent an ecological corridor of previously unrecognized importance in Portugal. The latter was associated with transmission at the livestock-wildlife interface toward locations with higher temperature and precipitation, lower agriculture and road density, and lower host densities. This is the first analysis of M. bovis Eu3 complex in Iberia, shedding light on background ecological factors underlying long-term transmission and informing where efforts could be focused within the larger hotspot risk area of Portugal.
- Círculos de construção de paz numa escola de ensino básico na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará-BrasilPublication . Souza, Francisca Eugenia Nogueira de; Ponte, Filomena Ermida Costa Figueiredo Branco daO ambiente escolar é um local multidisciplinar e repleto de experiências e histórias de vida. É o espaço formador que prepara a criança para o convívio social e a capacita nas principais habilidades necessárias, a nível intelectual, social e emocional. A escola também é um ambiente de trabalho e, como em todo trabalho, os profissionais podem apresentar conflitos relacionais que impactam negativamente a rotina escolar. Alguns profissionais não compreendem as funções uns dos outros, ou não compreendem as mudanças que ocorrem em suas vidas, ou mesmo suas histórias de vida, que formam as suas personalidades. Um educador é, antes de tudo, um indivíduo único, com sua história de vida, particularidades, sentimentos e expectativas. A educação especial possui demandas específicas e dificuldades estruturais que fogem dos muros da escola, como o preconceito presente em nossa sociedade, as políticas públicas insuficientes, a carência de preparo para os profissionais e as dificuldades familiares. As técnicas aplicadas visaram facilitar os vínculos entre os profissionais e estruturação das ações educacionais. Um dos ganhos desenvolvidos durante o acompanhamento foi a criação do Plano de Desenvolvimento Individual (PDI), que passará a ser aplicado em cada aluno. Após a aplicação das metodologias presentes neste trabalho, os profissionais passaram a compreender melhor seu papel na instituição, sua função na vida de uma criança com necessidades educacionais especiais e a importância de cada membro da escola.
- Gender identity and relative income within households : evidence from MexicoPublication . Messina, Pietro Eugenio; Silva, JoanaThis dissertation investigates the impact of gender identity norms on income distribution within married households in Mexico, employing census data from 1990, 2000, and 2010. Central to the analysis is the McCrary density test, which assesses the discontinuity when a wife’s income equals or exceeds her husband’s, challenging conventional gender roles. Our findings indicate a significant societal aversion to wives earning more than their husbands, evident across Mexico's diverse regional, temporal, and sectorial settings. This study underscores the profound influence of gender norms on household economic behaviors, highlighting how deeply cultural and social norms can shape family financial decisions.
- Quantifying corporate culture using machine learning and 10-K filingsPublication . Beecken, Tom Robert; Tran, DanCorporate culture plays a critical role in the success and integration of organizations, particularly during mergers and acquisitions (M&A). This dissertation aims to extract and quantify elements of corporate culture from 10-K textual data and subsequently apply these quantifications to real-world scenarios. To explore this question, a comprehensive dataset consisting of 68,855 Management Discussion and Analysis sections from 10-K Filings stemming from 12,553 companies was utilized. The study employs advanced NLP techniques, including word embedding and sentiment scoring using Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), to generate a culture dictionary and identify as well as quantify linguistic patterns indicative of corporate culture. The findings demonstrate that NLP-driven quantification of corporate culture can provide valuable insights for addressing cultural integration in M&A scenarios. By scoring the core cultural values innovation, integrity, quality, respect, and teamwork, stakeholders can make more informed decisions, potentially improving the success rates of M&A activities.
- Analyzing market dynamics : a comprehensive model using macroeconomic, sentiment and fundamental data for regime detection and asset allocationPublication . Dückerhoff, Fabian; Tran, DanThis dissertation examines the development and application of a comprehensive financial indicator that incorporates macroeconomic, sentiment, and fundamental data. It is demonstrated that various market features, such as high mean returns and low volatility periods, can be clustered into regimes using well-known models like the Two-State Markov Switching Model and Principal Component Analysis. Important discoveries are obtained by combining the findings in a Combined Indicator. For example, both the Dotcom Bubble and the Global Economic Crisis provided early signals of a downturn based on the classification of regimes. However, when applying these models to investment strategies, further results from the out-ofsample dataset suggest that, despite the potential of certain individual models to improve market timing and achieve greater risk-adjusted returns in the training set, these cannot be replicated consistently. Realistic market conditions, such as the inclusion of a time lag due to signaling and the introduction of transaction fees, thus limit the viability of an effective investment strategy. Nevertheless, the results of the dissertation and the prediction of the Combined Indicator itself can be useful and serve as support for asset allocation.
- Climate change and firm performancePublication . Ceglie, Flavio Di; Silva, JoanaThis thesis explores the impact of climate change on firm performance and examines the possible mechanism by which weather shocks influence sales outcomes. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset spanning Brazilian manufacturing firms between 2003 and 2009, coupled with high-resolution weather data, the study analyzes the impact of weather shocks. Employing the identification strategy of location-specific z-scores with the analytical framework advanced by Colmer (2021), the findings underscore the profound effect of weather shocks causing substantial declines in firm sales. Furthermore, the research investigates the distributional impacts of weather fluctuations. A closer examination reveals that the Northern regions of the country bear the brunt of these adversities, experiencing disproportionately greater sales losses compared to their Southern counterparts. In addition, the study delves into the transmission mechanisms of the weather-firm performance nexus. It finds that frequent power outages and inclines in energy costs as drivers of the declines in sales through productivity shocks.
- How the interaction of the big five personality traits and brand personality of luxury brands impacts customer purchase intentionsPublication . Gall, Lena; Rajsingh, PeterThis study examines the interaction between consumer personality traits and luxury brand personalities to understand their influence on purchase intentions. Utilizing Aaker's (1997) brand personality model and Goldberg's (1992) Big Five personality model, the research addresses gaps in knowledge about the psychological foundations of luxury brand loyalty and purchase behavior. The study surveyed 214 participants familiar with Hermès, Prada, and Balenciaga. Six hypotheses explored the relationships between consumer traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism) and brand personality perceptions (sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication, ruggedness) on purchase intentions. Results indicate that most personality traits do not significantly influence purchase intentions, except for a partial positive relationship between neuroticism and purchase intentions for Prada. This emphasizes the importance of brand attractiveness and familiarity over personality congruence in luxury purchases. The study highlights the complexity of luxury consumer behavior, suggesting that luxury brand strategies should integrate broader cultural, social, and economic factors to effectively engage diverse consumer segments. Additionally, it underscores that while personality traits offer some predictive value, luxury branding strategies must consider the larger context in which consumers operate to maintain and grow market presence. These insights are crucial for developing effective brand strategies that resonate with consumers' evolving preferences and behaviors in the dynamic luxury market. Understanding these interactions can help luxury brands craft more effective and nuanced marketing strategies aligned with their target audiences' psychological traits and broader cultural contexts.
- Os desafios da efetivação da política nacional educação especial na zona rural ribeirinha na cidade de Manaus - Amazonas - BrasilPublication . Pereira, Rosa Denise Diniz; Ponte, Filomena Ermida Costa Figueiredo Branco daA zona rural ribeirinha de Manaus, no Amazonas, apresenta um contexto sociocultural e educacional único, marcado por diversas particularidades que exigem atenção especial na implementação da Política Nacional de Educação Especial (PNEE). Para cumprir o objetivo geral de investigar os obstáculos na efetivação da política nacional de educação especial na zona rural ribeirinha de Manaus e propor soluções, os objetivos específicos serão analisar a infraestrutura e recursos pedagógicos, identificar tipos de atendimento aos alunos com necessidades especiais, investigar desafios dos educadores na implementação das políticas e propor estratégias para promover uma educação inclusiva e equitativa. O estudo foi conduzido por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa e posteriormente quantitativa utilizando questionários com educadores, gestores escolares. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de técnicas de análise de conteúdo, buscando identificar padrões, tendências e perspectivas relevantes. Os resultados destacaram a escassez de recursos, a falta de capacitação dos educadores e as dificuldades de acesso como os principais obstáculos para a efetivação da política nacional de educação especial na zona rural ribeirinha de Manaus. No entanto, também foram identificadas práticas promissoras e recomendações para melhorar a qualidade da educação especial nessas áreas. Diante dos resultados encontrados, a efetivação da política nacional de educação especial na zona rural ribeirinha de Manaus é um desafio complexo, que requer uma abordagem multifacetada e colaborativa. É fundamental investir em infraestrutura, capacitação de professores e articulação entre os diversos atores envolvidos para garantir uma educação inclusiva e de qualidade para todos os alunos, independentemente de suas necessidades específicas.
- Telework and its influence on workers within the work environmentPublication . Toledo, Lizbeth; Cañibano, Almudena; Rajsingh, PeterWith the COVID-19 pandemic, it became evident that the population had to adapt to new demands that were established by this phenomenon. One of the big changes that occurred was in the workplace in the form of teleworking, which already existed previously. There were few organizations in Peru that used this way of working. However, given the prevention measures to stop the effects of this new disease, it became mandatory to adapt to it. Teleworking had regulations issued by the Ministry of Labor of Peru. Despite this, there were problems adapting to teleworking in organizations due to the lack of prior training with collaborators. This situation triggered an increase in work stress levels. For this reason, this research carries out a case study in a Peruvian company called Cooperativa Pacífico, in the Systems area, since it is an organization that adapted teleworking during COVID times. On the other hand, it aims to explore its psychological effect, focusing on work stress. To obtain the information, semi-structured interviews were carried out with a script of questions. According to the results, it is evident that teleworking influences the psychological well-being of workers, finding in the present research four subthemes, such as technology, the emotional aspect, communication, and socialization that are linked to the relationship between the employer and the employee so that they generate the confidence of being in a pleasant space. In addition, an action plan is proposed to reduce stress levels during teleworking.
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