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- Construction and evaluation of an educational video: nursing assessment and intervention of patients’ spiritual needsPublication . Rodrigues, Juliane Cristina; Miranda, Talita Prado Simão; Fulquini, Francine Lima; Guilherme, Caroline; Caldeira, Sílvia; Carvalho, Emilia Campos deSpirituality is particularly important in health and illness transitions and is a fundamental dimension of healthcare. However, nurses often feel underprepared to provide spiritual care and the use of dynamic and interactive strategies, such as educational videos, can facilitate the development of this competency in undergraduate education. This study aimed to construct and evaluate an educational video lasting 10 min and 52 s for nursing students concerning the assessment of patients’ spiritual needs. The methodological study was based on the pre-production, production, and post-production phases of the video with an evaluation of the comprehension and comprehensiveness of the content. The results demonstrated the pre-production phase was considered appropriate by the judges and allowed the phase of production of the educational video, considered an educational resource by 100% the experts. Nursing students were enrolled in the evaluation and 75% considered the content and the learning experience useful for their future roles as nurses. So, the educational video was considered a tool that facilitated deepening knowledge about spirituality and motivated students to assess spirituality in clinical practice.
- Translation and adaptation of the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale in portuguese palliative care nursesPublication . Martins, Andreia Raquel; Pinto, Sara; Caldeira, Sílvia; Pimentel, FranciscoTheoretical framework: The knowledge on spirituality in Nursing has increased in Portugal, but there is still low evidence on the nurses’ perception of this dimension of care, as well as limited instruments in portuguese which allow measuring related phenomena. The Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS) allows assessing the nurses’ perception of spirituality and spiritual care. Objectives: To translate, adapt and validate the SSCRS into portuguese in a sample of portuguese palliative care nurses. Methodology: Methodological study using a sample composed of 94 palliative care nurses. Results: The original structure of the 17-item scale was maintained during the scale validation process. A Cronbach’s alpha between 0.59 and 0.69 in the subscales and 0.76 in the total scale was obtained. These values are indicators of the scale’s reasonable reliability to be used in the population under study. Conclusion: The portuguese version of the SSCRS proved to be a reliable scale with content validity to assess the nurses’ perception of spirituality and spiritual care.
- Spirituality in nursing: an overview of research methodsPublication . Martins, Helga; Romeiro, Joana; Caldeira, SílviaSpirituality has been widely considered important for patients’ health and for healthcare practice and is related to connectedness, meaning in life, and transcendence. Research concerning spirituality is growing rapidly, and the implementation of spiritual care should be based on evidence. This literature review aims to describe the methods that have been used in nursing research focusing on spirituality. The electronic search on databases through EBSCOhost identified 2091 citations, and a total of 231 studies were included. The methods used in research on spirituality in nursing are mostly quantitative (52.4%), but some are qualitative (42.8%) and mixed (4.8%). Regarding the quantitative research, most studies are observational (90.9%), and these are mainly descriptive (82.7%) and correlational (17.3%). Most studies used a cross-sectional design (98.7%), and few used longitudinal design (1.3%). The qualitative research is descriptive (39.4%), phenomenological (26.3%), and grounded theory (14.1%). Research on spirituality in nursing is based on both main paradigms (quantitative and qualitative), but also on mixed methods. Studies have mainly been conducted using cross-sectional designs when compared to longitudinal designs. The latter seem to constitute a gap in nursing knowledge and evidence regarding the changes of spirituality over time, which is particularly important for nurses’ delivery of spiritual care.
- Validation of nursing diagnoses - The Differential Diagnostic Validation Model as a strategyPublication . Caldeira, Sílvia Maria Alves; Chaves, Érika de Cássia Lopes; Carvalho, Emília Campos de; Vieira, Margarida Maria da SilvaObjective: to analyze the contribution and limits of the use of Richard Fehring’s differential diagnostic validation model, as a methodological strategy in the validation of diagnoses. Method: theoretical review about the differential diagnostic validation model for the validation of NANDA-I nursing diagnoses. Results: the nursing diagnosis constitutes the step that precedes and promotes the appropriate nursing intervention. The correct identification of the diagnosis is fundamental for effective interventions.The presentation of a structured classification of diagnoses, such as for example the taxonomy II of NANDA-I, facilitates the clinical judgment of the nurse. It is necessary that the diagnoses are clear and that the defining characteristics are specific, and the validation studies contribute to this objective. Conclusions: the differential diagnostic validation model permits the validation of differences between diagnoses with very similar meanings; however, it is little known and applied in the validation studies. It is a methodology that can be useful for the accuracy of diagnoses and for contribution to the current discussion of taxonomy II and its new proposals. Descriptors: nursing; nursing diagnosis; validation studies. RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a contribuição e limites no uso do modelo diferencial de diagnósticos de Richard Fehring, como estratégia metodológica na validação de diagnósticos. Método: revisão teórica sobre o modelo diferencial para a validação de diagnósticos de enfermagem da NANDA-I. Resultados: o diagnóstico de enfermagem constitui a etapa que precede e favorece a intervenção adequada do enfermeiro. A identificação correta do diagnóstico é fundamental para que as intervenções sejam eficazes. A apresentação sistematizada dos diagnósticos em classificações, como por exemplo a taxonomia II da NANDA-I, facilita o julgamento clínico do enfermeiro. É necessário que os diagnósticos sejam claros e que suas características definidoras sejam específicas, e os estudos de validação contribuem para esse objetivo. Conclusão: o modelo de validação diferencial permite validar as diferenças entre diagnósticos com significados muito semelhantes; contudo, está pouco divulgado e aplicado nos estudos de validação. É uma metodologia que pode ser útil para a acurácia dos diagnósticos e para a contribuição na discussão atual da taxonomia II e suas novas propostas. Descritores: enfermagem; diagnóstico de enfermagem; estudos de validação. RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la contribución y límites en el uso del modelo diferencial de diagnósticos de Richard Fehring, como estrategia metodológica en la validación de los diagnósticos. Metodología: revisión teórica sobre el modelo diferencial para validación de diagnósticos de enfermería de NANDA-I. Resultados: el diagnóstico enfermero es la etapa que precede y promueve la adecuada intervención de la enfermera. La identificación de un diagnóstico correcto es fundamental para que las intervenciones sean de clasificación efectiva. La presentación estructurada de diagnósticos, tales como la taxonomía II de NANDA-I, facilita el juicio clínico de las enfermeras. Se espera que los diagnósticos sean claros y que sus características definitorias sean especificas y son los estudios de validación que contribuyen a este objetivo. Conclusiones: el modelo diferencial de validación de diagnóstico se utiliza para validar el diagnóstico diferencial con las diferencias entre los significados muy similares, sin embargo, es poco conocido y aplicado en los estudios de validación. Se trata de una metodología que puede ser útil para la exactitud del diagnóstico y por su contribución actual a la discusión de la II taxonomía y sus nuevas propuestas.Parte superior do formulario. Descriptores: diagnósticos de enfermería; enfermería; estudios de validación.
- Undergraduate nursing students’ competencies in disaster scenarios: from educational needs to curricula regulationPublication . Santos, Paulo Alexandre Figueiredo dos; Rabiais, Isabel Cristina Mascarenhas; Berenguer, Sílvia Maria Alves Caldeira; Amendoeira, José Joaquim PenedosBackground: Nurses play a central role in disaster preparedness, so appropriate disaster-related education is essential. However, almost all Portuguese undergraduate nursing curricula do not address disaster situations. Objective: To understand nursing schools’ contribution to developing undergraduate students’ knowledge and skills in disaster scenarios and the existing constraints on integrating this content into undergraduate nursing curricula. Methodology: A qualitative study with methodological triangulation, including interviews and focus group, was carried out to explore the perceptions of 35 nurse teachers and 6 nurses with experience in health care provision in disaster scenarios, about integrating disaster-related content into nursing curricula. Results: The study reveals that disaster management and preparedness should be integrated into undergraduate nursing education to guarantee the effective development and more objective regulation of students’ skills in this area. Conclusion: Portuguese nursing schools need to promote and develop undergraduate training in disaster preparedness and a more inclusive and objective regulation of this area.
- A systematic literature review toward the characterization of comfortPublication . Pinto, Sara; Caldeira, Sílvia; Martins, José CarlosComfort integrates the taxonomies and the classifications of nursing knowledge. Its meaning is not yet clear, although it is an important construct from which theories are developed. This article aims to analyze comfort in nursing scientific literature. The results highlight a particular interest in comfort at crisis situations such as illness, palliative care, or intensive care. Comforting seems to be a complex intervention. More studies are needed to achieve its operational assimilation and implementation in clinical practice, as well as the evaluation of its efficiency and effectiveness.
- Effect of the “spiritual support” intervention on spirituality and the clinical parameters of women who have undergone mastectomy: a pilot studyPublication . Guilherme, Caroline; Ribeiro, Gabriela Roberta; Caldeira, Sílvia; Zamarioli, Cristina Mara; Oliveira-Kumakura, Ana Railka de Souza; Almeida, Ana Maria; Carvalho, Emília Campos deThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of the spiritual support intervention on spirituality and the clinical parameters of women who have undergone mastectomy. This is a pilot study of a randomized clinical trial. The spiritual support intervention was composed of meditation, guided imagery, music, and respiratory relaxation. The outcomes were: spirituality, blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation. A total of 27 patients were recruited for the study (intervention group, n = 13; control group, n = 14) (Clinical Trials: NCT 01866670/CAE: 00896312.0.0000.5393). The intervention helped patients with breast cancer to increase expression of their spirituality (p = 0.040) and it also decreased heart rate on the first (p = 0.038) and third day (p = 0.017). There was a difference in oxygen saturation on the second day in the control group (p = 0.039). Patients reported that their participation in the research was positive. This intervention had an effect on the sample of women who had undergone mastectomy.
- Spiritual distress in cancer patients: a synthesis of qualitative studiesPublication . Martins, Helga; Caldeira, SílviaCancer affects individuals in all human dimensions. Cancer patients are more susceptible to spiritual distress. Several studies have addressed spiritual distress using quantitative designs; however, a qualitative approach to the experience of spiritual distress could provide a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. This study aims to synthesis the experience of spiritual distress as lived by cancer patients in qualitative primary studies. This is a literature review based on electronic databases search. A total of 4075 citations was identified and 23 studies were included. The most frequent qualitative research method was phenomenology (n = 15), and interviews were the main data collection method (n = 20). Two major themes have been identified related to the experience of spiritual distress: suffering and coping. Spiritual distress is an intimate, deep and suffering experience in life, which requires coping strategies and involves spiritual values and beliefs. Healthcare providers should be aware of this experience and recognize spiritual distress in cancer patients, as it is critical in providing holistic nursing care.
- Clinical validation of the nursing diagnosis spiritual distress in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapyPublication . Caldeira, Sílvia; Timmins, Fiona; Carvalho, Emília Campos de; Vieira, MargaridaObjective: Validate the nursing diagnosis spiritual distress in cancer patients. Methods: Cross-sectional approach using Richard Fehring's Clinical Diagnostic Validity Model. Findings: The prevalence of diagnosis was 40.8% in a sample of 170 patients. A total of 16 defining characteristics were validated. Expresses suffering had the highest sensitivity value and lack of meaning in life had the highest specificity value. Conclusions: The diagnosis was validated. Cancer patients in spiritual distress are in a state of suffering related to lack of meaning in life. Implications for Practice: Sensitive diagnosis tools and language are required for nurses to make accurate judgments in situations of spiritual distress. Validation in different contexts would increase the clinical evidence of this diagnosis.
- A liderança de enfermagem em cuidados paliativosPublication . Aparício, Maria; Caldeira, SílviaObjectivo principal: Em cuidados paliativos o trabalho em equipa é fundamental assim como uma liderança eficaz, pelo que nos propusemos identificar e analisar a produção científica relacionada com a liderança de enfermagem em cuidados paliativos. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura em bases de dados internacionais. Resultados principais: Identificaram-se 56 resultados e, após aplicação dos critérios, obteve-se uma amostra de 10 publicações. Escritas em inglês, publicadas em revistas científicas de enfermagem, maioritariamente originárias dos Estados Unidos da América e Reino Unido e com data de publicação posterior a 2000. O nível de evidência é baixo, pois são publicações do tipo notícias informativas ou artigos de opinião. Conclusão principal: A análise dos resultados destaca os enfermeiros como líderes de projetos de cuidados paliativos, agentes de mudança com uma função particular no seio das equipas.