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- PuReWidgets: a programming toolkit for interactive public display applicationsPublication . Cardoso, Jorge C. S.; José, Rui
- EditorialPublication . Cardoso, Jorge C. S.
- A web-based toolkit for remote direct manipulation interaction with public displays via smartphonesPublication . Cardoso, Jorge C. S.; Barreira, Maria JoãoPublic displays are becoming increasingly interactive but we still need better programming tools that take the burden of adding interaction features to display applications. In this paper, we present a toolkit for web-based, remote, direct manipulation interaction with public display applications. Our toolkit provides high-level controls such as joystick, text input, and multi-touch cursor events, allowing programmers to focus on the interaction experience of the application.
- Design and implementation of a new run-time life-cycle for interactive public display applicationsPublication . Cardoso, Jorge C. S.; Perpétua, AlicePublic display systems are becoming increasingly complex. They are moving from passive closed systems to open interactive systems that are able to accommodate applications from several independent sources. This shift needs to be accompanied by a more flexible and powerful application management. In this paper, we propose a run-time life-cycle model for interactive public display applications that addresses several shortcomings of current display systems. Our model allows applications to load their resources before they are displayed, enables the system to quickly pause and resume applications, provides strategies for applications to transition and terminate gracefully by requesting additional time to finish the presentation of content, allows applications to save their state before being destroyed and gives applications the opportunity to request and relinquish display time. We have implemented our model as a Google Chrome extension that allows any computer with the Google Chrome browser to become a public display driver without further software. In this paper we present our model, implementation, and evaluation of the system.
- Design considerations for application selection and control in multi-user public displaysPublication . Taivan, Constantin; José, Rui; Silva, Bruno; Elhart, Ivan; Cardoso, Jorge C. S.Urban spaces are increasingly embedded with various types of public digital displays. Many of these displays can be subject to multi-user interactions and support a broad range of applications. A fundamental implication emerging from the interactive nature of those applications is that users should have access to appropriate selection and control techniques that would allow them to drive the way applications are shown and used in the respective environment. Such techniques should enable each user to reason and express intentions about the system behavior, while also dealing with concurrent requests from multiple users in a way that is fair and clear. In this study, we aim to inform the definition of novel techniques for application selection and control in pervasive display environments that can address the above challenges. Drawing inspiration from traditional GUI interaction concepts we developed and deployed a public display system that supports multiple applications and is able to receive explicit content presentation requests from multiple viewers. Based on the experiment observations and interviews with the participants, we reached a set of design considerations for future pervasive displays environments that are open to third party applications providers and allow the audience to influence content presentation.
- Media sharing across public display networksPublication . José, Rui; Cardoso, Jorge C. S.; Hong, JasonIn this work, we consider the scenario of an open display network in which people can post their content to a potentially large set of public displays. This raises the key challenge of how to associate that content with the displays that may provide a more meaningful context for its presentation. The main contribution of this work is a novel understanding of how different properties of the media sharing scenarios may impact their perceived value. We have conceived 24 media sharing scenarios that represent different combinations of three independent variables: content locativeness, the personal nature of content and the scope in which content is being shared. We then invited 100 participants to express their perception of the appropriateness of those scenarios. The results indicate a clear preference for content that is both personal and locative, something that is in strike contrast with the prevailing content on current digital signage networks.
- A framework for context-aware adaptation in public displaysPublication . Cardoso, Jorge C. S.; José, RuiSeveral approaches for context-aware public display systems exist but none has been able to bridge the gap between the myriad of possible interactive features of a display and adaptation rules for its content. In this paper, we propose a framework of digital footprints generated by the interaction with public displays that can be used as a means to dynamically characterise a place. We describe these footprints, how they can be generated and how they can be used by context-aware display systems to adapt to the social environment of a place.
- Dimensions of Situatedness for Digital Public DisplaysPublication . José, Rui; Otero, Nuno; Cardoso, Jorge C. S.
- Evaluation of a programming toolkit for interactive public display applicationsPublication . Cardoso, Jorge C. S.; José, RuiInteraction is repeatedly pointed out as a key enabling element towards more engaging and valuable public displays. Still, most digital public displays today do not support any interactive features. We argue that this is mainly due to the lack of efficient and clear abstractions that developers can use to incorporate interactivity into their applications. As a consequence, interaction represents a major overhead for developers, and users are faced with inconsistent interaction models across different displays. This paper describes the results of the evaluation of a widget toolkit for generalized interaction with public displays. Our toolkit was developed for web-based applications and it supports multiple interaction mechanisms, automatically generated graphical interfaces, asynchronous events and concurrent interaction. We have evaluated the toolkit along various dimensions - system performance, API usability, and real-world deployment - and we present and discuss the results in this paper.
- A survey of real locomotion techniques for immersive virtual reality applications on head-mounted displaysPublication . Cardoso, Jorge C. S.; Perrotta, AndréLocomotion is a fundamental activity in Virtual Reality (VR) and has been the focus of a large body of research since the implementation of the first systems. In real locomotion techniques, users physically move in the real world to affect movement in the Virtual Environment (VE). Real locomotion has been found to perform better than other forms of locomotion for many tasks. To overcome the challenges imposed by restricted physical space, researchers have devised ingenious interaction techniques for real locomotion. In this paper, we present a survey of interaction techniques for real locomotion in VR. Our analysis is focused on the interaction techniques – the combination of devices, user’s actions, and system’s responses. We categorize interaction techniques for real locomotion in VR into: unmediated, warnings, reorientation/resetting, scaling, redirection, and dynamic VE. These categories represent fundamentally different approaches to real locomotion and user action feedback. We further characterize techniques in each of these categories according to category-specific parameters. Finally, it is important to state that this paper was developed with the aim of helping newcomers to the field to understand and implement the techniques here presented.