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  • Happiness meanders: a cross-cultural dataset on happiness, emotions, and models of selfhood from 48 countries
    Publication . Krys, Kuba; Teyssier, Julien; El Sayed, Valentin; Gajewska, Olga Magdalena; Kocimska-Bortnowska, Agata; Kosiarczyk, Aleksandra; Poláčková Šolcová, Iva; Røysamb, Espen; Igou, Eric Raymond; Stoyanova, Stanislava; Maricchiolo, Fridanna; Zelenski, John M; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Uchida, Yukiko; Sirlopú, David; Akotia, Charity; Albert, Isabelle; Appoh, Lily; Arévalo Mira, Douglas Marlon; Baltin, Arno; Denoux, Patrick; Espinosa, Alejandra Domínguez; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer; Gavreliuc, Alin; Boer, Diana; Kascakova, Natalia; Klůzová Kračmárová, Lucie; Kostoula, Olga; Kronberger, Nicole; Kwiatkowska, Anna; Lee, Hannah; Łużniak-Piecha, Magdalena; Malyonova, Arina; Marroquin, Pablo Eduardo Barrientos; Mohorić, Tamara; Mosca, Oriana; Murdock, Elke; Mustaffa, Nur Fariza; Nader, Martin; Nadi, Azar; Okvitawanli, Ayu; van Osch, Yvette; Pavlopoulos, Vassilis; Pavlović, Zoran; Rizwan, Muhammad; Romashov, Vladyslav; Sargautytė, Rūta; Schwarz, Beate; Selim, Heyla
    This data paper presents a dataset, of 12,361 observations compiled from the Happiness Meanders project, which explores cultural variations in individual and family well-being, ideal and actual happiness, emotional experiences and expressions, and cultural models of selfhood across 48 countries. Participants were recruited through academic networks. Data were collected using standardised scales, including the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Interdependent Happiness Scale, the Cultural Models of Selfhood Scale, and the Emotional Experience and Expression inspired by Affect Valuation Index. The dataset underwent thorough technical validation, including checks for variable consistency, handling missing data, and identifying potential response biases. A filter for data quality was applied, with potentially unreliable data flagged for exclusion. This dataset offers a valuable resource for examining cultural influences on emotional dynamics (frequence of experience and expression), individual and family oriented evaluations of happiness, ideal and actual evaluation of happiness, cultural models of selfhood, and can support further research in cross-cultural psychology and related social sciences.
  • Extroverts perceive purchases more experientially and attain greater happiness from them
    Publication . Bastos, Wilson; Machado, Fernando
    People gain more happiness from experiential than material purchases. Interestingly, research has shown that planned interventions encouraging consumers to perceive the same purchase more experientially also yield a happiness benefit. The present investigation takes a novel perspective and examines whether there are identifiable individual characteristics that make people naturally prone to perceiving purchases more experientially, and whether this too produces a happiness benefit. We document six studies and five conceptual replications (𝑁=3472 ) showing that extroversion leads people to perceive purchases more experientially, which in turn increases purchase-related happiness. This unfolds for extroversion but not for other major personality traits. Furthermore, borrowing from the notion that extroversion is malleable, we manipulate extroversion and find convergent effects of state extroversion, a managerially relevant finding. Additionally, we identify need for uniqueness as a psychological mechanism behind extroverts’ tendency to perceive purchases more experientially. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
  • Financial literacy and financial wellbeing: dual capability pathways and contextual moderation in Portugal
    Publication . Magano, José; Mendes, Victor; Santos, Mário Coutinho dos
    This study examines how two forms of financial literacy—objective financial literacy (OFL; demonstrated knowledge of interest rates, inflation, and diversification) and perceived financial literacy (PFL; self-assessed confidence in financial matters)—relate to financial wellbeing through distinct capability pathways, and whether self-regulation conditions these links. We use three nationally representative cross-sections from Portugal (2015, 2020, 2023; N = 3648), a European setting marked by declining objective literacy and constrained market participation. Guided by capability theory, we propose a dual-lane model in which OFL operates through behavioural capability (BC; enacted saving, investing, and planning behaviours) to shape objective financial wellbeing (OFW; resilience, assets, and saving), while PFL operates through perceived capability (PC; financial self-efficacy and perceived control) to shape subjective financial wellbeing (SFW; perceived security, satisfaction, and freedom from financial stress). We also test whether non-impulsive, future-oriented behaviour (NIB) strengthens the associations along the objective lane. Structural equation models provide partial support for the dual-lane model, revealing three asymmetries with implications for European policy: (1) the link between behavioural capability and objective financial wellbeing weakens in 2023, suggesting that macroeconomic conditions can undercut even prudent financial behaviour; (2) perceived financial literacy directly predicts subjective financial wellbeing, but perceived capability does not mediate this association, indicating that financial confidence shapes wellbeing independently of self-efficacy; and (3) non-impulsive, future-oriented behaviour amplifies the association between objective literacy and objective wellbeing in 2015 and 2023 but not in 2020, showing that the benefits of self-regulation are context-dependent. The findings inform financial education and policy across Europe by distinguishing intervention levers for objective versus subjective outcomes and identifying conditions under which behavioural interventions are most effective.
  • Tourism creative factory as a knowledge-based entrepreneurship programme: innovation, learning, and sustainability in post-pandemic Portugal
    Publication . Banha, Francisco; Graça, André Rui; Góis, Beatriz; Banha, Francisco Miguel
    This paper examines the intersection of entrepreneurship, innovation, and sustainability in the tourism sector through the lens of knowledge creation and transfer. It focuses on the Tourism Creative Factory (TCF) ideation programme, developed under Turismo de Portugal’s Fostering Innovation in Tourism 2.0 initiative. Using a case study methodology, the research situates the 2021–2022 “RESTART” edition of TCF within broader theoretical frameworks of knowledge-based development and organisational learning. This study highlights the programme’s role in facilitating knowledge exchange among participants, mentors, and institutional actors, thereby enhancing entrepreneurial readiness and resilience in a post-pandemic context. Emphasis is placed on mentorship, capacity-building, and experiential learning as mechanisms for knowledge management, enabling the 39 selected participants to develop sustainable business models and Minimum Viable Products (MVPs), with the 16 most innovative being selected for a final pitch presentation to a panel of experts representing diverse sectors of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The findings underscore the transferability of TCF’s methodology to other knowledge-intensive sectors and contribute to advancing theoretical and practical understanding of how structured ideation programmes function as knowledge systems within tourism and beyond.
  • Valuable, rare, inimitable resources and organization (VRIO) resources or valuable, rare, inimitable resources (VRI) capabilities: what leads to competitive advantage?
    Publication . Cardeal, Nuno; António, Nelson Santos
    The resource-based view (RBV) argues that valuable, rare, inimitable resources and organization (VRIO) lead to competitive advantage. Dynamic capabilities (DC) are a comparatively new field and the related literature is mainly conceptual. Capabilities can be considered as the firm’s routines and processes. We argue that the “O” in VRIO refers to DC. DCs are the “organization” needed to transform bundles of resources into competitive advantage. Consequently, does competitive advantage stem from VRIO resources or from VRI capabilities? Through a case study we analyzed the development of one capability in a medium-sized Portuguese footwear manufacturer. After reviewing the process of development of the capability, we performed a VRIO test for each of the resources it exploits and a VRI test of the capability. We can conclude that none of the resources contributing to the capability are VRIO, but the capability is VRI.
  • A home in the ocean: how identity shapes social purpose in a small family business
    Publication . Dinis, Liliana; Cunha, Miguel Pina e; Hernández-Linares, Remedios
    This paper examines how organizational identity evolves to sustain social purpose in long-lived family firms. Drawing on an online ethnographic case study of Peter Café Sport–a century-old maritime family business in the Azores–we trace how founding narratives, legacy-based commitments, and deep relational networks shaped responses during the COVID-19 crisis. Our findings show that organizational identity, often viewed as a stabilizing force, can also be a generative resource for adaptive action, promoting the balance between social and economic logics even in times of disruption. We demonstrate that the founder’s social involvement not only persists but can be reactivated decades after inception, enabling the reaffirmation of the firm’s enduring role as a community anchor. By explaining how hybrid economic–social logics sustain across organizational life stages, the study advances understanding of social entrepreneurship in crisis, emphasizing the role of family organizational identity beyond start-up contexts, and deepens insight into how small family enterprises preserve and reinterpret their social mission over time.
  • Banks' complexity and risk: agency problems and diversification benefits
    Publication . Bonfim, Diana; Félix, Sónia
    Bank complexity is often associated with risk, due to moral hazard and agency problems. At the same time, complexity may be linked to diversification and scale economies, thus leading to less risk. In this paper, we provide empirical evidence on the relationship between bank complexity and risk-taking. We find a positive relationship between some dimensions of geographical complexity and bank risk. Banks that operate in more countries, both through banks and non-banks, have riskier balance sheets and more non-performing loans. Further, banks that operate in emerging economies have higher risk levels due to larger volatility of returns. The link between dimensions of structural complexity and bank risk is weaker, but generally negative. Our results are consistent with moral hazard and agency problems being more acute when banks operate across many geographies, particularly in emerging market economies. In contrast, the results are consistent with diversification and scale benefits arising from operating in more business areas.
  • Artificial intelligence and the twin transition: the good, the bad, and the ugly
    Publication . Bohnsack, Rene; Pinkse, Jonatan; Reischauer, Georg
    Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the critical test case for the twin transition, the interplay of the digital and the green transformation, as it can reduce but also increase negative environmental effects. By synthesising recent advances, this paper develops an integrative firm-level understanding of AI’s role in the twin transition. First, we propose a typology of effects through which AI shapes environmental outcomes: efficiency and footprint effects, prebound and rebound effects, and unlocking and path-escalating effects. Second, we show that these effects are not properties of AI itself but emerge from how firms choose to manage interactions between effects strategically. To nuance the interplay of effects and strategic choices, we develop and illustrate three AI adoption configurations: sustainability-amplifying, productivity-stabilising, and harm-amplifying AI adoption. Our paper offers new research avenues on AI and environmental sustainability as well as actionable guidance for managers and policymakers seeking to steer AI deployment towards sustainable effects.