CRC-W - Contribuições em Revistas Científicas / Contribution to Journals
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- Active aging awareness and well-being among older adults in PortugalPublication . Costa, Andreia; Henriques, Joana; Alarcão, Violeta; Henriques, Adriana; Madeira, Teresa; Virgolino, Ana; Sousa, Joana; Feteira-Santos, Rodrigo; Arriaga, Miguel; Rocha, Jorge; Nogueira, PauloObjective: This study aims to assess the active aging awareness of older adults in mainland Portugal and their levels of overall well-being and to identify social and health-related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 613 older adults, aged 65 or older, who participated in the PROKnos – Knowing Social Prescribing needs of the elderly study in Portugal. The questionnaire consisted of the Active Ageing Awareness Questionnaire and the World Health Organization – Five Well-Being Index, as well as sociodemographic, economic, and health status questions. Correlation coefficients, t-tests for independent samples, and one-way ANOVA were used to explore potential associations between variables. Results: The active aging awareness levels were significantly higher for women (p = 0.031), and those who were younger (p = 0.011), more educated (p < 0.001), had a better financial situation (p < 0.001), and had better health (p < 0.001). The same pattern was found for well-being, except in relation to gender, as men had higher levels (p = 0.016). These variables were found to be correlated. Discussion: Even though active aging is an important strategy to implement, it is indispensable to consider the perceptions and conditions that need to be in place before that. This study reveals that several social and health-related factors are associated with well-being and active aging awareness, as well as the differences between groups that exist in mainland Portugal in relation to that. This emphasizes how vital it is to address social inequalities in active aging efforts, which are not necessarily uncovered when only considering actual active aging measures.
- Active and healthy aging after COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal and other European countries: time to rethink strategies and foster actionPublication . Costa, Andreia; Camara, Gisele; Arriaga, Miguel Telo de; Nogueira, Paulo; Miguel, José PereiraThe population aging in Europe imposes challenges to societies that require adaptations and responses at various levels to minimize impacts and figuring out opportunities. Portugal has been committed to the World Health Organization and European Union's values and policy frameworks concerning active and healthy aging. In 2017, an inter-ministerial working group developed the National Strategy for Active and Healthy Aging. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic that exposed the vulnerabilities of older populations, the launch of the Decade of Healthy Aging 2021-2030 and its baseline report and the 2018 Active Aging Index Analytical Report may constitute an opportunity to strategically think about the aging of the population as a national purpose in Portugal and in the other European countries that face similar challenges.
- Aggressive behaviour and its relationship with negative events of life among Portuguese university students, the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ)-Reduced and Adapted Portuguese Version (AQ-RAPV)Publication . Reis, Marta; Tomé, Gina; Ramiro, Lúcia; Coelhoso, Filipa; Matos, Margarida Gaspar deAggressive behaviour encompasses a spectrum of emotional responses, ranging from mild irritation to intense anger and fury. The goals of the present research were to develop a reduced and adapted version of the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (VRA-AQ) for Portuguese college students, to explore its relationship with negative life events as well as to ascertain the importance of self-regulation and resilience in preventing aggressive behaviour among young people from higher education, and to explore the differences between genders, academic year, and socioeconomic status to examine the risk factors of aggressive behaviour. The validation of the reduced and adapted Portuguese version of the VRA-AQ was carried out on a Portuguese university sample (N = 2991). There were three main focuses of data analysis: descriptive statistics, correlations, and factor analyses. Differences between genders and academic year were found in men, and undergraduate students displayed higher averages of physical aggression, negative life events, and the impact of these events, while women and post-graduate students exhibited higher averages of self-regulation and resilience. Regarding SES, youth from low to medium-low socioeconomic backgrounds demonstrated higher averages in overall aggression, physical aggression, anger, hostility, negative life events, and the impact of these life events. Conversely, those from higher socioeconomic backgrounds displayed higher averages in resilience. Therefore, it is essential to prevent aggressive behaviour in students, and several strategies can be implemented based on the findings, namely, gender-specific interventions; academic year targeted support; socioeconomic support programmes; promotion of positive coping mechanisms; creating supportive environments; and education on conflict resolution.
- An ontology-based modelling system (OBMS) for representing behaviour change theories applied to 76 theoriesPublication . Hale, Joanna; West, Robert; Michie, Susan; Hastings, Janna; Lefevre, Carmen E.; Direito, Artur; Bohlen, Lauren Connell; Godinho, Cristina; Anderson, Niall; Zink, Silje; Groarke, HilaryBackground: To efficiently search, compare, test and integrate behaviour change theories, they need to be specified in a way that is clear, consistent and computable. An ontology-based modelling system (OBMS) has previously been shown to be able to represent five commonly used theories in this way. We aimed to assess whether the OBMS could be applied more widely and to create a database of behaviour change theories, their constructs and propositions. Methods: We labelled the constructs within 71 theories and used the OBMS to represent the relationships between the constructs. Diagrams of each theory were sent to authors or experts for feedback and amendment. The 71 finalised diagrams plus the five previously generated diagrams were used to create a searchable database of 76 theories in the form of construct-relationship-construct triples. We conducted a set of illustrative analyses to characterise theories in the database. Results: All 71 theories could be satisfactorily represented using this system. In total, 35 (49%) were finalised with no or very minor amendment. The remaining 36 (51%) were finalised after changes to the constructs (seven theories), relationships between constructs (15 theories) or both (14 theories) following author/expert feedback. The mean number of constructs per theory was 20 (min. = 6, max. = 72), with the mean number of triples per theory 31 (min. = 7, max. = 89). Fourteen distinct relationship types were used, of which the most commonly used was 'influences', followed by 'part of'. Conclusions: The OBMS can represent a wide array of behavioural theories in a precise, computable format. This system should provide a basis for better integration and synthesis of theories than has hitherto been possible.
- An overview of health-promoting programs and healthy lifestyles for adolescents and young people: a scoping reviewPublication . Raimundo, Marta; Cerqueira, Ana; Gaspar, Tania; Matos, Margarida Gaspar deThe health of children, adolescents, and young adults is a primary global concern. In 2021, there were 2.1 million deaths among children and adolescents. Injuries, violence, communica‑ ble diseases, nutritional deficiencies, substance use, non‑communicable diseases, and mental health disorders are among the leading causes of death in this age group. Background/objectives: This scoping review aims to identify and describe health promotion and healthy lifestyle programs devel‑ oped worldwide targeting adolescents and young adults. Methods: A total of 106 programs were included, of which 8 were selected through scientific databases and 98 through other research meth‑ ods (e.g., government websites and other online sources). Results: The results show that Europe, North America, New Zealand, and the United States of America are the continents and countries with the highest number of programs. Most programs originated before 2020 and are aimed at chil‑ dren, adolescents, and young adults. Mental health, substance and non‑substance dependencies, and sexual and reproductive health were the most frequent areas among the available youth programs. Most programs do not mention evaluating or monitoring the services provided. Conclusions: This work allows for a deeper understanding of the programs available for adolescents and young adults, providing an overview of their characteristics. Moreover, it emphasizes the importance of increas‑ ing the number of available programs, especially in countries with higher morbidity and mortality rates among the young population. The programs must be based on population studies to better meet their needs. Lastly, programs should become sustainable and integrated into national public policies, accompanied by ongoing training, supervision, and intervision of professionals working in these contexts.
- Análise fatorial confirmatória da prova de avaliação de competência social face à carreiraPublication . Pinto, Joana Carneiro; Taveira, Maria do Céu; Candeias, Adelinda; Araújo, AlexandraA competência social diz respeito à forma como as pessoas percebem e atuam face a uma variedade de situações sociais. Este estudo avalia as características métricas da Prova de Avaliação de Competência Social face à Carreira (PACS-Car). Participaram 572 adolescentes (M=13,28 anos; DP=0,59), do 8º ano de escolaridade1 de escolas portuguesas. Os resultados da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória apontam para uma solução fatorial constituída por oito fatores. Os índices globais de adequação registados para o modelo são bastante robustos, comprovando a sua qualidade no ajustamento aos dados empíricos (X2/gl=4,097, CFI=0,895, GFI=0,851, RMSEA=0,079). Estes resultados estimulam ao desenvolvimento de pesquisa e intervenções que abordem as competências sociais para a promoção de comportamentos socialmente inteligentes de adaptação, progresso, e sucesso de carreira dos jovens.
- Animal images database: validation of 120 images for human-animal studiesPublication . Possidónio, Catarina; Graça, João; Piazza, Jared; Prada, MaríliaThere has been increasing interest in the study of human-animal relations. This contrasts with the lack of normative resources and materials for research purposes. We present subjective norms for a set of 120 open-source colour images of animals spanning a total of 12 biological categories (e.g., mammals, insects, reptiles, arachnids). Participants (N = 509, 55.2% female, MAge = 28.05, SD = 9.84) were asked to evaluate a randomly selected sub-set of 12 animals on valence, arousal, familiarity, cuteness, dangerousness, edibility, similarity to humans, capacity to think, capacity to feel, acceptability to kill for human consumption and feelings of care and protection. Animal evaluations were affected by individual characteristics of the perceiver, particularly gender, diet and companion animal ownership. Moral attitudes towards animals were predominantly predicted by ratings of cuteness, edibility, capacity to feel and familiarity. The Animal Images Database (Animal.ID) is the largest open-source database of rated images of animals; the stimuli set and item-level data are freely available online.
- Anxiety and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic: a transcultural approachPublication . Orgilés, Mireia; Espada, José Pedro; Delvecchio, Elisa; Francisco, Rita; Mazzeschi, Claudia; Pedro, Marta; Morales, AlexandraBackground: Despite being necessary to delay the spread of COVID- 19, home confinement could have affected the emotional well-being of children and adolescents. Knowing which variables are involved in anxiety and depressive symptoms could help to prevent young people’s psychological problems related to lockdown as early as possible. This crosssectional study aims to examine anxiety and depressive symptomatology in Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese children and adolescents in order to determine which variables are related to poorer well-being during the pandemic. Method: The parents of 515 children, aged 3-18 years old, completed an online survey. Children’s anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale-Parent Version, and depressive symptoms were measured with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire-Parent Version. Results: We found differences in anxiety and depression between countries, with higher anxiety scores in Spanish children, and higher depression scores in Spanish and Italian children compared to the Portuguese. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were more likely in children whose parents reported higher levels of stress. Conclusions: These findings are discussed in the light of detecting and supporting affected children as early as possible.
- Aphasia Screening Test (TeRAp): construction and validation for european portuguesePublication . Fonseca, José; Miranda, Filipa; Stein, Beatriz; Maruta, CarolinaIntroduction: Aphasia is a common acquired language disorder following stroke or other brain injuries. However, it is not always easy to make a differential diagnosis with another communication disorder. Communication assessment in acute phases of the stroke, when the patient is bedridden or when there is no time for a more in-depth assessment, needs to be done with a formal screening test that has normative data. The aim of this study was to develop the Aphasia Screening Test (TeRAp) in digital format (appWeb) and present its clinimetric values. Methods: A screening test (TeRAp) was built in appWeb format that assesses the main areas of language processing and automatically provides a diagnostic hypothesis. A group of people with aphasia was evaluated and their performance was compared with three control groups, one of healthy people and two groups of people with neurological conditions, one with dysarthria and the other with mild cognitive impairment. Results: Ceiling values were obtained in all the tests. Sensitivity values of 1 and specificity values of 0.99 were obtained for the presence of aphasia. Conclusion: An online aphasia screening test was developed, with excellent sensitivity and specificity results, which can be used by any health professional.
- Assessing non‑dysfunctional attitudes toward sleep: psychometric properties of the Charlotte attitudes toward sleep scale in Portuguese samplesPublication . Tecedeiro, Miguel; Reis, Cátia; Marôco, JoãoObjectives: To adapt the Charlotte Attitudes Toward Sleep (CATS) scale, the only self-assessment instrument measuring non-dysfunctional attitudes toward sleep, into Portuguese and to study its psychometric properties in a Portuguese sample.Method: A sample of 1858 participants, recruited through non-probabilistic methods, was randomly split in two subsamples; one was used to develop the CATS model, the other for testing model invariance. We used structural equation models to assess factorial validity, measurement invariance, and relationships with other variables (e.g., the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire) through confirmatory factorial analysis and causal models using a robust maximum likelihood method with Satorra-Bentler correction.Results: The CATS factorial model showed excellent evidence of factorial validity (robust CFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.979, SRMR = 0.026, RMSEA = 0.043), good reliability indicators (α and ώ1 > 0.75), and strict invariance of measurement (|∆CFI|< 0.01). CATS factors were weak-to-moderate predictors of sleep behaviors (β < 0.4). The scale showed evidence of divergent validity with the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire. Some items had significant sensitivity problems and/or did not have adequate factorial weights and had to be dropped from the model.Conclusions: The CATS is a new and promising scale with solid evidence of validity in terms of internal structure, but with sensitivity issues at item level. Further work should be carried out at item level to increase sensitivity and predictive validity, and further research with other samples, such as clinical sleep medicine patients, should be conducted.