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- Behavioral insights during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: the role of trust, health literacy, risk and fairness perceptions in compliance with public health and social measuresPublication . Cilović-Lagarija, Šeila; Eitze, Sarah; Skočibušić, Siniša; Musa, Sanjin; Stojisavljević, Stela; Šabanović, Haris; Dizdar, Faris; Palo, Mirza; Nitzan, Dorit; Arriaga, Miguel Telo de; Scherzer, Martha; Curtis, Benjamin; Habersaat, Katrine BachBackground and aim Public health and social measures (PHSM) are critical aspects of limiting the spread of infections in pandemics. Compliance with PHSM depends on a wide range of factors, including behavioral determinants such as emotional response, trust in institutions or risk perceptions. This study examines self-reported compliance with PHSM during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBIH). Materials and methods We analyze the association between compliance and behavioral determinants, using data from five cross-sectional surveys that were conducted between June 2020 and August 2021 in FBIH. Quota-based sampling ensured that the 1000 people per wave were population representative regarding age, sex, and education level based on the data from the latest census in Bosnia and Herzegovina. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to identify significant changes between studies on determinants and PHSM measures. Regression was used to find relations between behavioral determinants and PHSM.Results Participants reported strong emotional responses to the rapid spread of the virus and its proximity to them. Risk perception was spiking in December 2020 when rates of infection and death were particularly high. Trends in policy acceptance were divergent; participants did not rate PHSM as exaggerated, but perceived fairness was low. Trust in institutions was low across all waves and declined for specific institutions such as the health ministry. In five wave-specific regression analyses, emotional response (βmin/max = .11*/.21*), risk perception (βmin/max = .06/.18*), policy acceptance (βmin/max = .09/.20*), and trust in institutions (βmin/max = .06/.21*) emerged as significant predictors of PHSM. Conclusions This study contributes to the body of research on factors influencing compliance with PHSM. It emphasizes the importance of behavioral monitoring through repeated surveys to understand and improve compliance. The study also affirms the impact of public trust on compliance, the risk of eroding compliance over time, and the need for health literacy support to help reinforce protective behaviors.
- Understanding the effect of the caring dimension of PYD on depression: the role of positive and negative affect regulation strategies in Spanish emerging adultsPublication . Gomez-Baya, Diego; Matos, Margarida Gaspar de; Wiium, NoraBackground: Positive Youth Development (PYD) has been associated with positive results in the transition to adulthood. Within the 5Cs model of PYD, the Caring dimension has been defined as the ability to feel sympathy and empathy towards others. However, the literature has shown some controversial results on the role of Caring in the psychological adjustment of young people. The aim of this study was to analyze the mediating role of strategies for coping with negative affect (i.e., distraction and depressive rumination) and strategies for coping with positive affect (i.e., dampening and positive rumination) in the relationship between Caring and depressive symptoms. We examined gender differences as well. Methods: A cross-sectional self-report study was carried out in 2021, with a sample of 1,040 young people (75.5% females; Age range = 18–28; Mage = 20.47, SD = 3.08), enrolled at 11 universities in Spain. Multiple partial mediation analysis was performed to examine the mediation of responses to positive and negative affect in the relationship between Caring and depression, and a path analysis was developed to integrate gender effects. Results: The results indicated that Caring was positively associated with more depressive symptoms through maladaptive affect responses, i.e., more depressive rumination, more inhibition of positive affect, less distraction and less positive rumination. On the contrary, a more adaptive regulation of the affect was associated with less depression. Gender differences were observed, where women scored higher in Caring, depressive rumination and dampening. Discussion: Some practical implications may be derived from these results. The role of Caring as an expression of sympathy and empathy can have a protective effect on psychological adjustment through the use adaptive skills to manage positive and negative affect. Programs integrating Caring dimension of PYD and emotional regulation skills training should be designed in university context, so that psychological adjustment can be maximized among university students and that the students, especially, females can be able to care for others as well as themselves.
- Bridging the gap: environmental health literacy as key to adolescent well-being and sustainable behaviorsPublication . Matos, Margarida Gaspar de; Branquinho, Cátia; Domingos, Leonor; Guedes, Fabio Botelho; Cerqueira, Ana; Gaspar, TaniaAdolescents who possess environmental health literacy are more equipped to handle the effects of the environment on their health. This study uses data from Portugal’s 2022 HBSC survey to investigate the environmental health literacy (EHL) of teenagers. The Environmental Health Literacy Scale (EHLS) was verified by confirmatory component analysis. Within the framework of an ecosystem, this study investigates factors related to health and well-being. There are 7355 adolescents in the sample. EHLS_Social Norms and participation in volunteering activities were found to be significant predictors of EHL_Knowledge, which explained 25.2% of the variance in the final model. EHLS_Social Norms and EHLS_Knowledge accounted for 42.9% of the variance in EHL_Behaviors, while school grade was adversely connected with pro-environmental behavior. While actions and knowledge were major positive predictors, gender and school grades showed negative relationships, and EHL_Social Norms accounted for 46% of the variance. This study establishes a valid measure of environmental health literacy in adolescents, informing science education strategies and public health interventions.
- HLS19-DIGI - a new instrument for measuring digital health literacy: development, validation and associations with determinants and health outcomes in 13 countriesPublication . the HLS19 Consortium of the WHO Action Network M-POHL; Levin-Zamir, Diane; Broucke, Stephan Van den; Bíró, Éva; Bøggild, Henrik; Bruton, Lucy; Gani, Saskia Maria De; Finbråten, Hanne Søberg; Gibney, Sarah; Griebler, Robert; Griese, Lennert; Guttersrud, Øystein; Klocháňová, Zuzana; Kucera, Zdenek; Le, Christopher; Link, Thomas; Mancini, Julien; Miksova, Dominika; Schaeffer, Doris; Silva, Carlota Ribeiro da; Sørensen, Kristine; Straßmayr, Christa; Arriaga, Miguel Telo de; Vrdelja, Mitja; Pelikan, JürgenIntroduction: Digital health information sources are playing an increasingly prominent role in health promotion, public health and in healthcare systems. Consequently, digital health literacy skills are likewise becoming increasingly important. Methods: Using a concept validation approach, the aim of the study was to validate a digital health literacy measure applied in the European Health Literacy Survey 2019–2021 (HLS19) of the WHO M-POHL Network, analyzing data from 28,057 respondents from 13 European countries. Results: The scale displayed high internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) strengthened the hypothesized one-factor structure. In most countries, the data displayed acceptable fit to the unidimensional Rasch partial credit model (PCM). Pearson correlation with a measure of general health literacy showed sufficient discriminant validity, and a social gradient was found. Testing for predictive validity showed that the scale score predicts health-related outcomes. Discussion: The study shows that considerable proportions of the general adult populations across countries in Europe have limited DHL skills. The level of DHL has direct potential consequences for some forms of health service utilization, in some countries. Implications of the study include recommendations for improving digital health literacy, promoting organizational health literacy and quality assurance for digital health information and resources.
- "Learn to fly": nurturing child development, intergenerational connection, and social engagementPublication . Matos, Margarida Gaspar de; Branquinho, Cátia; Noronha, Catarina; Moraes, Bárbara; Gaspar, TaniaLearn to Fly was developed between February 2022 and March 2023 with the goal of fostering greater social participation and intergenerational dialogue around the recognition and solution of pertinent social issues through the development of psychological flexibility and socioemotional competences in children at the start of their academic careers. Based on a participatory methodology and the concepts of the third generation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapies (CBTs) and ACT (Acceptance Commitment Therapy), the target audience included children of ages 5 and 6 (pre-school and first grade), their teachers, and their families. The Learn to Fly pilot initiative was implemented in eight partner institutions on the Portuguese mainland with the participation of 289 children, their families, and 22 educators. Learn to Fly was evaluated after 12 weeks of implementation using a combination of methodologies, including interviews, focus groups, and pre- and post-tests. Teachers emphasized that the initiative brought families closer to the school, thereby strengthening connections between the school and the community, when analyzing the impact of the project on the school community. Positive changes were observed in the children’s behaviors, particularly with respect to hyperactivity, relationship problems with colleagues, prosocial behavior, socioemotional skills, their perceptions of their participation in various scenarios (their city and country), and intergenerational dialogue with their parents. In addition to the teachers’ preconceived notions about child participation, they became more aware of the possibility of children having a say in decision-making and discovered that the program promoted this aspect. Presently equipped with resources, it is envisaged that teachers trained to implement Learn to Fly will play a significant role in promoting positive child development and social engagement.
- Aggressive behaviour and its relationship with negative events of life among Portuguese university students, the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ)-Reduced and Adapted Portuguese Version (AQ-RAPV)Publication . Reis, Marta; Tomé, Gina; Ramiro, Lúcia; Coelhoso, Filipa; Matos, Margarida Gaspar deAggressive behaviour encompasses a spectrum of emotional responses, ranging from mild irritation to intense anger and fury. The goals of the present research were to develop a reduced and adapted version of the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (VRA-AQ) for Portuguese college students, to explore its relationship with negative life events as well as to ascertain the importance of self-regulation and resilience in preventing aggressive behaviour among young people from higher education, and to explore the differences between genders, academic year, and socioeconomic status to examine the risk factors of aggressive behaviour. The validation of the reduced and adapted Portuguese version of the VRA-AQ was carried out on a Portuguese university sample (N = 2991). There were three main focuses of data analysis: descriptive statistics, correlations, and factor analyses. Differences between genders and academic year were found in men, and undergraduate students displayed higher averages of physical aggression, negative life events, and the impact of these events, while women and post-graduate students exhibited higher averages of self-regulation and resilience. Regarding SES, youth from low to medium-low socioeconomic backgrounds demonstrated higher averages in overall aggression, physical aggression, anger, hostility, negative life events, and the impact of these life events. Conversely, those from higher socioeconomic backgrounds displayed higher averages in resilience. Therefore, it is essential to prevent aggressive behaviour in students, and several strategies can be implemented based on the findings, namely, gender-specific interventions; academic year targeted support; socioeconomic support programmes; promotion of positive coping mechanisms; creating supportive environments; and education on conflict resolution.
- Free will, neurosciences & roboticsPublication . Fernandes, Sara; Almeida, Leonor; Caldas, Alexandre Castro
- Escala de Mitos do Amor Romântico (EMAR): portuguese version of the Scale of Myths of Romantic Love (SMRL)Publication . Grané-Morcillo, Jaume; Costa Ramalho, Susana; Pérez-Testor, Carles; Vall, BertaBackground: Violence legitimization has been associated with the myths of romantic love. In the Portuguese context, there are no available standardized tools to assess it. This study aimed to develop the adaptation and validation of the Portuguese version of the Scale of Myths of Romantic Love (SMRL) in youth and emerging adults. Also, the acceptance of myths of romantic love was described. Methods: The sample comprised 165 individuals (83% female) aged from 18 to 30 (M = 23.01; SD = 3.33). Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor correlated structure found in the original validation: Idealized Love (IL) and Distorted Love (DL). The selected nested model obtained acceptable good-of-fit indices. Reliability analysis indicated acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.728; ω = 0.711) and the item-factor correlations were strong. Gender differences in the endorsement of romantic myths were found. Males obtained significantly greater acceptance of need for a couple and ambivalence myths. Females significantly endorsed the half orange myth. Conclusions: Our findings supported the two-factor related structure of the SMRL Portuguese version. Gender-based differences in romantic beliefs and their potential link to violence legitimization, gender stereotypes, and love perception are highlighted as in need of further studies. This research provides evidence regarding the psychometric properties of the Escala de Mitos do Amor Romântico (EMAR).
- Intention to work with social robots: the role of perceived robot use self-efficacy, attitudes towards robots, and beliefs in human nature uniquenessPublication . Giger, Jean-Christophe; Piçarra, Nuno; Pochwatko, Grzegorz; Almeida, Nuno; Almeida, Ana SusanaRecent studies have enlightened the crucial role of perceived robot use selfefficacy in human robot interaction. This paper investigates the interplay between perceived robot use self-efficacy, attitudes towards robots, and beliefs in human nature uniqueness (BHNU) on the intention to work with social robots. Participants (N = 117) first filled out a questionnaire measuring their BHNU and attitudes towards robots. Then, they were randomly exposed to a video displaying a humanoid social robot (either humanlike or mechanical). Finally, participants indicated their robot use self-efficacy and their intention to work with the displayed social robot. Regression and serial mediation analyses showed the following: (1) the intention to work with social robots was significantly predicted by robot use self-efficacy and attitudes towards robots; (2) BHNU has a direct influence on attitudes towards robots and an indirect influence on the intention to work with social robots through attitudes towards robots and robot use self-efficacy. Our findings expand the current research on the impact of perceived robot use self-efficacy on intention to work with social robots. Implications for human robot interaction and human resource management are discussed.
- Trends in delivery hospitalizations and the impact of ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM-PCS transition in Portugal between 2010 and 2018Publication . Camarinha, Catarina de Paraíso; Oliveira, Maria Miguel Gomes; Elias, Cecília; Nobre, Miguel de Araújo; Nicolau, Leonor Bacelar Costa; Furtado, Cristina; Costa, Andreia Silva da; Nogueira, Paulo Jorge da SilvaBackground: Hospital discharge data are essential for maternal health surveillance, clinical research, and healthcare resource allocation. In 2017, Portuguese hospitals transitioned from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition, Clinical Modification and Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-CM/PCS), impacting the recording of delivery hospitalizations. This study examines trends in delivery hospitalizations from 2010 to 2018 and assesses the impact of the ICD-10-CM/PCS transition. Methods: We conducted a register-based observational cross-sectional analysis using data from the National Hospital Discharge Database, covering delivery hospitalizations in public hospitals from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2018. Delivery episodes were identified using diagnosis codes, normal delivery codes, diagnosis-related group (DRG) codes, and procedure codes. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, interrupted time series with segmented regression, and Prophet forecasting models to evaluate trends and the impact of the coding transition. Results: A total of 673,978 delivery hospitalizations were recorded. The transition from ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM/PCS in 2017 had minimal overall impact on delivery trends. DRG codes consistently identified the majority of delivery episodes, with outcome of delivery codes and selected procedure codes showing varying trends. An increase in episodes identified by normal delivery codes and a significant decrease in episodes identified by procedure codes was observed immediately after the ICD-10 transition (p < 0.001). The Prophet model indicated improved forecast accuracy for procedure codes when including the ICD-10 transition variable. Conclusion: The transition to ICD-10-CM/PCS had a limited impact on overall delivery hospitalization trends but significantly affected procedure coding. These findings underscore the importance of considering coding system changes in healthcare data analyses. Further research should incorporate private hospital data and continuously monitor coding practices to ensure reliable health data for research and policy-making.