Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2019-08"
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- Nutrition in cancer patientsPublication . Ravasco, PaulaBackground: Despite being recognised that nutritional intervention is essential, nutritional support is not widely accessible to all patients. Given the incidence of nutritional risk and nutrition wasting, and because cachexia management remains a challenge in clinical practice, a multidisciplinary approach with targeted nutrition is vital to improve the quality of care in oncology. Methods: A literature search in PubMed and Cochrane Library was performed from inception until 26 March. The search consisted of terms on: cancer, nutrition, nutritional therapy, malnutrition, cachexia, sarcopenia, survival, nutrients and guidelines. Key words were linked using “OR” as a Boolean function and the results of the four components were combined by utilizing the “AND” Boolean function. Guidelines, clinical trials and observational studies written in English, were selected. Seminal papers were referenced in this article as appropriate. Relevant articles are discussed in this article. Results: Recent literature supports integration of nutrition screening/assessment in cancer care. Body composition assessment is suggested to be determinant for interventions, treatments and outcomes. Nutritional intervention is mandatory as adjuvant to any treatment, as it improves nutrition parameters, body composition, symptoms, quality of life and ultimately survival. Nutrition counselling is the first choice, with/without oral nutritional supplements (ONS). Criteria for escalating nutrition measures include: (1) 50% of intake vs. requirements for more than 1–2 weeks; (2) if it is anticipated that undernourished patients will not eat and/or absorb nutrients for a long period; (3) if the tumour itself impairs oral intake. N-3 fatty acids are promising nutrients, yet clinically they lack trials with homogeneous populations to clarify the identified clinical benefits. Insufficient protein intake is a key feature in cancer; recent guidelines suggest a higher range of protein because of the likely beneficial effects for treatment tolerance and efficacy. Amino acids for counteracting muscle wasting need further research. Vitamins/minerals are recommended in doses close to the recommended dietary allowances and avoid higher doses. Vitamin D deficiency might be relevant in cancer and has been suggested to be needed to optimise protein supplements effectiveness. Conclusions: A proactive assessment of the clinical alterations that occur in cancer is essential for selecting the adequate nutritional intervention with the best possible impact on nutritional status, body composition, treatment efficacy and ultimately reducing complications and improving survival and quality of life.
- Blanc, Mafalda de Faria (2018). Estudos sobre HeideggerPublication . Morujão, Carlos
- Tiempo, legitimidad y trabajo. La metamorfosis del tiempo en la ética del trabajoPublication . Durán Vázquez, José; Duque, EduardoEste texto se propone explicar el significado de las representaciones del tiempo vin- culadas a la ética del trabajo postfordista. Para entender el sentido de estas representaciones se propone un análisis diacrónico. De este modo, el presente artículo se estructura en tres partes. Primeramente se describe la temporalidad de las sociedades preindustriales. En la segunda parte se muestra el proceso a través del cual el trabajo se elevó a la principal de las actividades humanas. Por último, en la tercera parte se analiza el significado de las concepciones del tiempo integradas en la ética del trabajo postfordista. Para la realización de este trabajo se han utilizado fuentes secundarias de carácter histórico y sociológico. En la tercera parte se han utilizado también los textos producidos por los especia- listas en managament y por los representantes de las principales instituciones políticas interna- cionales, que legitiman la actual ética del trabajo.
- Thyroid cancer: the quest for genetic susceptibility involving DNA repair genesPublication . Santos, Luís S.; Gomes, Bruno Costa; Bastos, Hélder N.; Gil, Octávia M.; Azevedo, Ana Paula; Ferreira, Teresa C.; Limbert, Edward; Silva, Susana N.; Rueff, JoséThe incidence of thyroid cancer (TC), particularly well-differentiated forms (DTC), has been rising and remains the highest among endocrine malignancies. Although ionizing radiation (IR) is well established on DTC aetiology, other environmental and genetic factors may also be involved. DNA repair single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could be among the former, helping in explaining the high incidence. To further clarify the role of DNA repair SNPs in DTC susceptibility, we analyzed 36 SNPs in 27 DNA repair genes in a population of 106 DTCs and corresponding controls with the aim of interpreting joint data from previously studied isolated SNPs in DNA repair genes. Significant associations with DTC susceptibility were observed for XRCC3 rs861539, XPC rs2228001, CCNH rs2230641, MSH6 rs1042821 and ERCC5 rs2227869 and for a haplotype block on chromosome 5q. From 595 SNP-SNP combinations tested and 114 showing relevance, 15 significant SNP combinations (p < 0.01) were detected on paired SNP analysis, most of which involving CCNH rs2230641 and mismatch repair variants. Overall, a gene-dosage effect between the number of risk genotypes and DTC predisposition was observed. In spite of the volume of data presented, new studies are sought to provide an interpretability of the role of SNPs in DNA repair genes and their combinations in DTC susceptibility.
- Animal images database: validation of 120 images for human-animal studiesPublication . Possidónio, Catarina; Graça, João; Piazza, Jared; Prada, MaríliaThere has been increasing interest in the study of human-animal relations. This contrasts with the lack of normative resources and materials for research purposes. We present subjective norms for a set of 120 open-source colour images of animals spanning a total of 12 biological categories (e.g., mammals, insects, reptiles, arachnids). Participants (N = 509, 55.2% female, MAge = 28.05, SD = 9.84) were asked to evaluate a randomly selected sub-set of 12 animals on valence, arousal, familiarity, cuteness, dangerousness, edibility, similarity to humans, capacity to think, capacity to feel, acceptability to kill for human consumption and feelings of care and protection. Animal evaluations were affected by individual characteristics of the perceiver, particularly gender, diet and companion animal ownership. Moral attitudes towards animals were predominantly predicted by ratings of cuteness, edibility, capacity to feel and familiarity. The Animal Images Database (Animal.ID) is the largest open-source database of rated images of animals; the stimuli set and item-level data are freely available online.
- How do people become foster carers in Portugal? The process of building the motivationPublication . Diogo, Elisete; Branco, FranciscoAct no. 142/2015 highlights the importance of children out-of-home being placed in a family context. However, foster care continues to be an almost absent component in the Portuguese childcare system. In 2017, it corresponded to just 3% of out-of-home care. This research aims to contribute to the understanding of the reasons for becoming a foster family. It adopted a qualitative approach, using carers' narrative interviews and practitioners semi-structured interviews, inspired by grounded theory. Foster family motivation is rooted in altruism, affection for children and sensitivity to maltreatment. These factors, as well as personal life course and contact with out-of-home care, induce a predisposition to become a foster family. The quality of the support services and the care professionals' performance also reveal key elements.
- O Fernando Pessoa alemão: autor lido por artistas e intelectuaisPublication . Dix, SteffenO primeiro aparecimento de Fernando Pessoa em língua alemã ocorreu em 1956 numa tradução de Paul Celan. Nos anos seguintes, surgiram cada vez mais traduções nos países de língua alemã. O processo de edições e traduções culminou nos anos 1980 graças ao trabalho incessante da editora de Egon Ammann e do tradutor Georg RudolfLind. Hoje em dia, a editora alemã Fischer prossegue as edições de Pessoa com o mesmo rigor e com a mesma qualidade. Neste artigo tenta-se traçar as linhas principais da história editorial de Fernando Pessoa nos países de língua alemã, chamando atenção para o facto que a figura do autor sofreu várias alterações durante o percurso dos anos.
- Understanding ethical consumer decision making : the relationship of perceived sustainability and perceived efficacy in ethical consumptionPublication . Franke, Jonathan; Bicho, Marta Liliana NunesBusinesses hope that consumers reward their corporate social responsibility with higher brand loyalty and increased willingness to pay. Yet, contrary to these expectations recent research has revealed that in certain situations consumers shun ethical products as they assume a trade-off between ethicality and performance. To understand more about how ethical consumption decisions are made, this thesis analyzes the impact of perceived sustainability and perceived efficacy on purchase intentions under the moderating influence of locus of control (LOC). To this end, a quantitative experimental study was conducted via an online survey in the category of laundry detergents. Respondents were shown either a laundry detergent with an environmental message or with a message promoting functionality. The data does not support that there is an overall negative effect of sustainability on perceived efficacy; however, it suggests that there is a cross-over interaction effect with LOC: People with an external LOC assume that there is a trade-off between sustainability and efficacy whereas respondents with an internal LOC actually perceive products to have a better performance when they are sustainable. We also find that LOC moderates perceived sustainability. Both variables have a direct impact on purchase intentions, yet, perceived efficacy has a stronger influence. We conclude that businesses should use LOC in their customer segmentation strategy and aim to strike a balance in communicating the green appeal of the product while highlighting its performance at the same time.
- Populist reason in the discourse of FidezPublication . Poszpisek, Árpad; Gyulai, AttilaThe dissertation aims at examining the populist features of the Hungarian governing party, Fidesz during its third term between 2014 and 2018, through the application of post-structuralist discourse theory. The choice of the theoretical approach is justified by the fact that most populism theories ignore the constitutive role of the language in politics. The dissertation analyses speeches of the leader of Fidesz, Viktor Orbán, who has occupied the position of prime minister since the 2010 landslide victory of his party. The analysis is going to demonstrate that Fidesz employs populist way of articulation in their political communication through which it has constructed dichotomies between the people and their enemies, and has presented itself as the only party that is capable of preventing the enemies from harming the people. A further purpose of the dissertation is to prove the value of a post-structuralist approach of studying populism through demonstrating that many essential features of populist articulation cannot be understood without putting an emphasis on the discursive space of politics.
- EditorialPublication . Duque, João Manuel