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- America’s 2024 election and Europe’s Middle East dilemmaPublication . Lukacs, Nils; Lozovan, Corina
- Assessing China and Angola relations: the implications of the 'Angola model’ of economic developmentPublication . Machado, PamelaThe increasingly close relationship between China and Africa has been extensively discussed in the international media as well as within the academic sphere: African countries play a key role in China's multi-billion project 'Belt and Road Initiative' (BRI) because the continent represents an important market opportunity for China to expand businesses and increase exports; on the receiving end, African leaders have been eager to take advantage of loans and credit lines offered by Beijing in order to spur economic development at home. Even though the BRI is said to be an economic project envisioned by the Chinese government, it has often been regarded as a tool of foreign policy as Beijing has deployed it to establish and strengthen diplomatic ties with developing countries, thus reshaping the geopolitical order. In the context of Africa, Angola has emerged as oneof China's main trading partners and much of the relationship between the two countries has centred around the use of Angola's vast oil reserves to secure infrastructure financing. This model of resource backed credit became known as 'the Angolan Model' and it was further adopted in other countries in Africa and Latin America. More than a decade after the first loan was secured, Angola finds itself in a fragile position: oil prices have hit record low levels in 2020, its economy struggles to grow and 45percent of its debt is owed to China. This paper aims to explore the relationship between China andAngola within the BRI framework, the merits and pitfalls of the 'Angolan model' of economic development, and proposes a reflection on the emerging role of China as a leading actor in the global political economy.
- Foreign autocratic interference in western academia: a closer look into the British casePublication . Matos, ConstançaAlbeit rising concerns regarding foreign interference in a set of strategic areas of western society,its effects on academia in particular have been both understudied and underestimated. Hence, the aim of thisacademic paper is to shine a light on the widespread impacts and risks associated with western universities’increasing exposure to foreign autocratic influence and how that may ultimately affect academic freedom.This paper argues that the tendency towards western universities’ growing dependency on internationalstudents, as well as on the donations and investments of external actors poses a financial and academic riskin the long-term. This is especially true in the British case, which has experienced a surge in the number ofinternational students, particularly Chinese students, in the last decade. However, the increasing visibility ofcases that constitute either direct or indirect foreign interference in academia is an opportunity for westerngovernments to assess their academic institutions’ vulnerabilities, especially their links to autocratic regimes.Ultimately, western governments and academic institutions must jointly strive to cooperate in developingand accepting a set of universal guidelines in order to ensure that academic freedom is not compromised.
- Globalization, populism and public policiesPublication . Mateus, AbelThere is already an established literature on the impact of de-industrialization indeveloped economies that shows job losses, low wages, and distressed communities in “leftbehind areas”. Even though dominant factors have been technological change and tertiarization,one of the causes of these movements is the impact of globalization. These areas are at the rootof the increased votes for populist parties. Next, the paper studies the political economy of publicpolicies undertaken to mitigate or counteract these effects in depressed areas. Adjustmentmechanisms working through the markets are not enough, so regional policies are required. Weshow that tariffs have been used as a populist policy, by targeting to specific regions, but at alarge cost to national and the global economies. Can fiscal transfers solve the problem? Whatefficacy had regional policies in the EU directed to depressed areas? We show that their efficacydepends on good policies and institutional strengthening.
- A ideia de uma sociedade cristã, o liberalismo e as duas cidadesPublication . Ferro, PedroNeste texto, revisito a relação entre o liberalismo político e “a ideia de uma sociedade cristã”, à luz do reacender do debate académico e ideológico sobre a salubridade moral e social do liberalismo contemporâneo e sobre a (in)compatibilidade entre a modernidade liberal secular e os valores da tradição judaico-cristã. Para este efeito, remonto, primeiro, à linhagem histórica e conceptual do(s) liberalismo(s). Detenho-me na sugestão de Böckenförde, segundo a qual o Estado constitucional é sobretudo uma ordem de liberdade e de paz, em contraste com a antiga ordem de verdade e virtude, sublinhando que a ordem liberal democrática assenta na especificidade da ética política e institucional e na ideia de “razão pública”. Depois, abordo os limites, riscos e eventuais contradições desta concepção, no que respeita à neutralidade moral do Estado e à relação entre “statecraft” e “soulcraft”, atendendo também à evidência crescente de um liberalismo iliberal. Expresso a minha convicção de que a ordem liberal não é autossuficiente: precisa de um suplemento de alma, necessita de conversar com algo que lhe é exterior, nomeadamente com a tradição clássica e a Fé bíblica. Finalmente, discuto qual o significado e o lugar, num regime liberal, da “ideia de uma sociedade cristã”.
- Maritime studies: a conceptual framework For PortugalPublication . Ribeiro, António SilvaMaritime studies is a new transdisciplinary academic field within the social sciences, aimed at managing the challenges arising from Man's critical and ongoing relationship with the sea in matters of development and security. Due to its modernity, it is at an early stage of construction and composition of its scientific content and institutionalization. It is a fact that some courses on maritime studies are already being taught in several countries. However, due to its recent creation, this field of study has yet to produce a body of academic work of reference. For this reason, it is poorly known and there are not many scientific papers related to it. This scientific article aims to share some preliminary thoughts on how to develop and deliver such a course in our country. In addition, it intends to facilitate the understanding of how to structure the research lines of an academic body dedicated to the investigation and teaching of maritime studies. Furthermore, it contributes to the reflection on a possible way to achieve these two goals, taking advantage of the potential of teaching, research and development, as well as the resources, capabilities and competences of commercial, industrial, academic, applied science and maritime security and safety corporations that exist in Portugal.
- A NATO e os desafios até 2030Publication . Ramos, António Fontes; Garcia, Francisco Proença; Torres, Manuel PoêjoEste texto está organizado em duas partes interdependentes. A primeira aborda os fatoreschave do condicionamento geopolítico prevalecente; a segunda parte centra-se nos desafiosque se colocam à Aliança nesse contexto.Defende, em síntese, a necessidade de um reposicionamento global da NATO para o séculoXXI numa ótica “dual track”, como forma de continuar a assegurar a dissuasão e defesacoletiva dos Aliados mas, simultaneamente, aportar uma atitude de empenhamento políticoconstrutivo que a torne uma entidade geradora da estabilidade mundial. Recomenda umanova sistematização das relações NATO-EU que pode passar pelo desenvolvimento decampanhas completamente integradas e carateriza algumas das medidas necessárias peranteos desafios securitários atuais.
- "Política da virtude" e virtude políticaPublication . Ferro, PedroO objecto deste texto é a apresentação, recensão crítica e comentário de Virtue Politics: Soulcraftand Statecraft in Renaissance Italy, da autoria de James Hankins. Neste livro, Hankins atreve-se a descrever,«pela primeira vez, um novo tipo de educação política, e mesmo um novo tipo de pensamento sobre asquestões políticas, inventado e promovido pelos humanistas italianos, no século e meio que vai de Petrarca aMaquiavel»: aquilo que Hankins designa como “política da virtude”. A ideia básica consiste na tese de que asCidades-Estado italianas precisavam de ser governadas por pessoas de carácter, prudentes e piedosas,ilustradas pelos estudos da literatura clássica e da filosofia moral cristã, inspiradas pelos grandes feitos e ideiasda antiguidade clássica, e pela investigação dos respectivos modelos históricos, dos quais se deveria retirarpreceito e exemplo. Em suma, o humanismo político italiano propugna a prioridade da virtude sobre o regime,como fonte de legitimidade política, e a precedência da “soulcraft” sobre o “statecraft”, a par da crença noalcance político de uma paideia adequada. Esta visão é contrastada com a de Maquiavel, que Hankinsconsidera ser um exemplar atípico (e hostil) do pensamento político renascentista italiano. No final, discuto oslimites dessa perspectiva e as ilações que dela podemos retirar para o nosso tempo.
- Pope John Paul II, the fall of the Berlin wall and Europe’s futurePublication . Carvalho, Cristina SáPope John Paul II's contribution to the fall of the Berlin Wall and, in its aftermath, the collapse of Communist regimes, has been clearly marked by historians and political science experts. The efforts of the Polish Pope essentially focused on the mobilization of his homeland but also assumed a continuous and capillary work of Vatican diplomacy, as well as constant dialogue with the most influential political leaders. However, today, it becomes essential to reflect on its role in the so-called Global moralization by reading a magisterium which, in large part, defended and complained of human rights. This struggle for democracy and, above all, for justice and truth, of the pontiff that came from afar, continues today in the magisterium of Benedict XVI and Francis, through a lucid reading of the signs of the times and the promotion of a courageous deepening of the Social Doctrine of the Church in a context of Globalization.
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