CPBS - Contribuições em Revistas Científicas / Contribution to Journals
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- Política de dividendos: o estado da artePublication . Pacheco, LuísCom este trabalho, pretende-se reflectir a perplexidade que tem vindo a trespassar a comunidade científica relativamente ao debate inconclusivo que tem caracterizado a problemática da política de dividendos e do seu impacto no valor da empresa. Para o efeito, tenta-se apresentar alguma evidência sobre a forma como os inúmeros investigadores iniciaram, discutiram, testaram ou desenvolveram as relações entre os factores explicativos das decisões financeiras relacionadas com a política de dividendos e o valor da empresa, para fornecer algumas referências para os decisores encontrarem o rumo mais adequado para as referidas decisões, em cada caso concreto.
- Avaliação da eficiência de escolas secundárias inglesas: Abordagem de decomposição de eficiências utilizando DEAPublication . Portela, MariaThis paper outlines a DEA based apporach to decompose overall measures of efficiency calculated at the pupil-level into those attributable to the pupil and to the school the pupil attends. Data on over 6000 UK pupils taking A-levels in 1994 were analysed firstly on a within-school basis, so that pupil efficiency could be identified, after allowing for contextual factors such as innate ability. Then, all schoold were grouped together and pupils assessed so that differences in pupil efficiencies attributable to the school attended could be identified. Efficiency measures across pupils attending the same shool were aggregated, through averages, so that conclusions concerning the average effects of the school attended on pupils attainments could be ascertained. The availability of efficiency measures at the pupil-level still enable the analysis of whether schools were differentially effective with differing groups of pupils.
- Quality management: Universal or context-dependent?Publication . Sousa, Rui; Voss, Christopher A.Quality management has often been advocated as being universally applicable to organizations. This is in contrast with the manufacturing strategy contingency approach of Operations Management that advocates internal and external consistency between manufacturing strategy choices. This article empirically investigates whether quality management practices are contingent on a plant’s manufacturing strategy context, by examining the use of process quality management practices—a critical and distinctive subset of the whole set of quality management practices—across plants representative of different manufacturing strategy contexts. The study strongly suggests that process quality management practices are contingent on a plant’s manufacturing strategy, and identifies mechanisms by which this takes place.
- Decomposing school and school-type effciencyPublication . Portela, M. C. A. Silva; Thanassoulis, EmmanuelThis paper puts forward a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach to decomposing a pupil’s under-attainment at school. Under-attainment is attributed to the pupil, the school and the type of funding regime under which the school operates. A pupil-level analysis is used firstly on a within school and secondly on a between school basis, grouping schools by type such as state-funded, independent and so on. Overall measures of each pupil’s efficiency are thus disentangled into pupil, school and school-type efficiencies. This approach provides schools with a set of efficiency measures, each one conveying different information.
- Quality management re-visited: a reflective review and agenda for future researchPublication . Sousa, Rui; Voss, Christopher A.Quality management (QM) has become an all-pervasive management philosophy, finding its way into most sectors of today’s business society. After the initial hype and enthusiasm, it is time to take stock of the knowledge accumulated in what is now a mature field of study and look for directions to take the field further forward. This article reflects on the mass of literature in the field, synthesizing, organizing and structuring knowledge and offering suggestions for future research. It reviews QM research organized along five main themes: the definition of QM, the definition of product quality, the impact of QM on firm performance, QM in the context of management theory and the implementation of QM. The article draws on these themes to reflect on three questions which are fundamental to re-visit and re-appraise QM: (i) What is QM? (ii) Is the set of practices associated with QM valid as a whole? (iii) How to implement QM in a real business setting?
- School outcomes: Sharing the responsibility between pupil and schoolPublication . Thanassoulis, Emmanuel; Portela, MariaThis paper uses a Data Envelopment Analysis based approach to decompose pupil under-attainment into that attributable to the school the pupil attends and that attributable to the pupil. The approach measures pupil attainment in terms of value added. Data on over 6700 A-level pupils from 122 English schools have been analysed. The results suggest that at current levels of school effectiveness a pupil’s own application accounts for the major part of any under-attainment, though schools also have scope to improve their effectiveness. The approach also makes it possible to identify target attainment levels a pupil could be set and the extent to which the attainment of those targets necessitates an improvement in the effectiveness of the school the pupil attends and in the pupil’s own efforts.
- A internacionalização e as redes de negócios da Vitrocristal, ACEPublication . Silva, Susana Costa e
- Marketing de exportação: a importância dos gestoresPublication . Sousa, Carlos Pereira e; Silva, Susana Costa e
- Corporate versus individual: moral responsibilityPublication . Soares, ConceiçãoThere is a clear tendency in contemporary political/legal thought to limit agency to individual agents, thereby denying the existence and relevance of collective moral agency in general, and corporate agency in particular. This tendency is ultimately rooted in two particular forms of individualism – methodological and fictive (abstract) – which have their source in the Enlightenment. Furthermore, the dominant notion of moral agency owes a lot to Kant whose moral/legal philosophy is grounded exclusively on abstract reason and personal autonomy, to the detriment of a due recognition of the socio-historical grounds of moral social conduct. I shall argue that an adequate theory of responsibility is needed, which does not only take into account individual responsibility, but also collective and corporate responsibility, capable of taking into consideration society and its problems. Furthermore, corporations are consciously and carefully structured organisations with different levels of management and have clearly defined aims and objectives, a central feature upon which I shall be focussing in this paper.
- On multiplicative priority rating methods for the AHPPublication . Stam, Antonie; Duarte Silva, A. PedroRecently, several alternative variants to the original Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) have been proposed. Most of these sought to resolve some of the theoretical problems associated with the original AHP, which uses an additive preference aggregation. In this paper, we take a close look at the multiplicative ratings method, which has recently received growing attention. The interest in the multiplicative AHP (MAHP) is motivated by the fact that, in contrast with the original AHP, it precludes certain types of rank reversals as the composite priority ratings continue to follow a ratio scale, even after normalization. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, we derive and discuss several interesting properties of the MAHP that have eluded attention in previous studies. Second, we argue that these properties of the MAHP are interesting not only for mathematical reasons but also on behavioral grounds. We show how the MAHP offers a more flexible preference modeling framework, while still preserving the ratio scale property, by relaxing the ‘‘constant returns to scale’’ assumption made in previous research. Third, we use simulation experiments to explore the extent to which the theoretical differences between the original AHP (additive AHP) play out computationally for various different types of preference structures, enabling us to assess whether the MAHP is merely an interesting theoretical construct, or can in fact make a substantial difference in terms of the rankings and ratings of the alternatives and rank reversals between the alternatives.