Browsing by Author "Carvalho, Leonor Vacas de"
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- Brand logo design: examining consumer response to naturalnessPublication . Machado, Joana César; Carvalho, Leonor Vacas de; Torres, Anna; Costa, PatrícioPurpose – This paper aims to study how logo design characteristics influence consumer response. Based on an in-depth literature review on consumer responses to logo design, the authors included in this research one fundamental dimension of logo design, namely, naturalness and investigated the influence of the different types of natural logo designs on affective response. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 96 logos were selected as design stimuli. The logos were previously classified, according to the naturalness of the logo design, as having an abstract, cultural or organic design. Responses were gathered through a survey in Portugal, including two studies with 220 participants. Findings – Results show that naturalness is an essential logo design element which significantly influences consumer affective responses to the logo, and that natural logos are clearly preferred to abstract logos. Additionally, this research indicates that, within natural logos, organic designs are favored over cultural designs. Practical implications – The findings presented suggest that affect toward unknown organic logos is at the same level as affect toward well-known abstract logos. This is a relevant finding from a managerial point of view, as familiarity, an essential cognitive response toward the brand that has a cost for the firm, can be replaced cost-free with unknown organic logos. Originality/value – This paper is a first exploration of responses to different types of natural logo design. The results should guide managers in selecting or modifying logo designs for achieving a positive affective response.
- Brand Logo Design: Examining Consumer Responses to Name and Logo CharacteristicsPublication . Machado, J. C.; Lencastre, Paulo de; Carvalho, Leonor Vacas de; Costa, Patrícioavailable in the context of a brand merger. Yet research on this topic is relatively limited. This paper aims to start filling this gap in the literature, by developing a typology of the visual identity structures that may be assumed in the context of a merger, as well as an exploratory study (n = 467) analysing consumers’ preferences regarding the alternative branding strategies. It uses an innovative design, which gives respondents freedom to choose their preferred solution. Results suggest that there is a clear preference for figurative logos. Furthermore, there is evidence that the logo may play a role as important as the name in a merger, ensuring consumers that there will be a connection with the brand’s past. Data also show that the choice of the logo reflects consumers’ aesthetic responses, whereas the choice of the name reflects consumers’ evaluation of the brand’s offer or off the brand’s presence in the market. These results should guide managers in the evaluation and choice of the postmerger branding strategy.
- Brand logo design: exploring consumer response to naturalness across culturesPublication . Machado, J. C.; Carvalho, Leonor Vacas de; Torres, Anna; Cúneo, Andrés; Costa, Patrício
- Brand mergers: an analysis of consumer brand identity preferencesPublication . Machado, J. C.; Lencastre, Paulo de; Carvalho, Leonor Vacas dePurpose- The purpose of this study is to investigate reactions to the various name and logo redeployment alternatives available in the context of a merger. Design/methodology/approach - This study develops a typology of the alternative visual identity structures that may be assumed in the context of a brand merger by drawing on literature review and secondary data, as well as an exploratory study (n = 467) analysing consumers’ preferences regarding the alternative brand identity strategies. Findings – Results suggest that there is a clear preference for figurative brand logos. Furthermore, we found evidence that the brand logo may play a role as important as the name in a merger, ensuring consumers that there will be a connection with the brand’s past. Another interesting finding was that the choice of the logo reflects consumers’ aesthetic responses, whereas the choice of the name reflects consumers’ evaluation of the brand’s offer or off the brand’s presence in the market. Originality/value – The paper uses an innovative research design which gives respondents freedom to choose their preferred solution, hence the richness of results is much greater. These results should guide managers in the evaluation and choice of the post-merger branding strategy.
- Brand mergers: Examining consumer response to name and logo designPublication . Machado, J. C.; Lencastre, Paulo de; Carvalho, Leonor Vacas de; Costa, PatrícioIt is critical to investigate reactions to the various name and logo redeployment alternatives available in the context of a brand merger. Yet research on this topic is relatively limited. This paper aims to start filling this gap in the literature, by developing a typology of the visual identity structures that may be assumed in the context of a merger, as well as an exploratory study (n = 467) analysing consumers’ preferences regarding the alternative branding strategies. It uses an innovative design, which gives respondents freedom to choose their preferred solution. Results suggest that there is a clear preference for figurative logos. Furthermore, there is evidence that the logo may play a role as important as the name in a merger, ensuring consumers that there will be a connection with the brand’s past. Data also show that the choice of the logo reflects consumers’ aesthetic responses, whereas the choice of the name reflects consumers’ evaluation of the brand’s offer or off the brand’s presence in the market. These results should guide managers in the evaluation and choice of the postmerger branding strategy.
- Brand Mergers: Examining Consumer Responses to Name and Logo DesignPublication . Machado, J. C.; Lencastre, Paulo de; Carvalho, Leonor Vacas deIt is critical to investigate reactions to the various name and logo redeployment alternatives available in the context of a merger. Yet research on this topic is relatively limited. This study contributes to the literature, by developing a typology of the visual identity structures that may be assumed in the context of a merger, as well as an exploratory study (n = 467) analysing consumers’ preferences regarding the alternative branding strategies. Results suggest that there is a clear preference for figurative logos, and also that the logo may play a role as important as the name, ensuring a connection to the brand’s past. Data also show that the choice of the logo reflects consumers’ aesthetic responses, whereas the choice of the name reflects consumers’ evaluation of the brand’s offer or off the brand’s presence in the market. These results should guide managers in the evaluation and choice of the post-merger branding strategy.
- Brand mergers: examining consumers' responses to name and logo designPublication . Machado, J. C.; Carvalho, Leonor Vacas de; Costa, Patrício; Lencastre, Paulo dePurpose – In the context of a merger, the management of corporate identity – in particular of corporate names and logos – assumes a critical role. This paper aims to explore how name and logo design characteristics, and specifically figurativeness, influence consumer preferences in the context of a brand merger, in the banking sector. Design/methodology/approach – This study develops a typology of the alternative corporate identity structures that may be assumed in the context of a brand merger by drawing on a literature review and secondary data, as well as an exploratory study analyzing consumers’ preferences regarding alternative branding strategies. Findings – The results suggest that there is a clear preference for figurative logos. Furthermore, there is evidence that logos may be as important as the company name in a merger situation, in terms of assuring consumers that there remains a connection to the brand’s past. The data show that the logo chosen by consumers reflects their aesthetic responses, whereas the selected name reflects their evaluation of the brand’s offers or its presence in the market. Originality/value – The paper uses an innovative research design which gives respondents freedom to choose their preferred solution; hence, the richness of the results is enhanced. The results should guide managers in their evaluation and choices regarding post-merger branding strategies.
- Bridging the gap between brand gender and brand loyalty on social media: exploring the mediating effectsPublication . Carvalho, Leonor Vacas de; Azar, Salim L.; Machado, Joana CésarBrand gender has been suggested to influence consumer’s responses to the brand. The aim of this research was to deepen the understanding of the relationship between brand gender and brand loyalty by developing a research model to test the relationships among brand gender, active consumer engagement with the brand on social media, perceived quality, brand love and brand loyalty. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling. The results support the importance of active consumer brand-engagement, perceived quality and brand love in underpinning the underlying process between brand gender and brand loyalty. Hence, this research complements prior work on brand gender and confirms the important benefits of a clear brand gender positioning by showing that a strong gender identity will enhance loyalty towards the brand.
- Design, personality traits and consumer response to brand logosPublication . Machado, Joana; Torres, Anna; Carvalho, Leonor Vacas de; Costa, PatrícioDespite the relevance of logos as communication cues, empirical studies of logo design issues in marketing journals are still scarce (Peterson et al., 2015). This study seeks to address this research gap by examining consumers’ responses to logo design, and specifically to the different types of natural designs, at a behavioral and psychological level. Additionally, we explore whether socio-demographic variables and consumer personality traits are sources of differences in such reactions.
- Logo design: examining consumer response to figurativeness across culturesPublication . Machado, J. C.; Carvalho, Leonor Vacas de; Torres, Anna; Velden, Michel Van De; Costa, Patrício