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- The burden of cardiovascular diseases among US States, 1990-2016Publication . Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Collaboration; Fernandes, JoãoIMPORTANCE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, but regional variation within the United States is large. Comparable and consistent state-level measures of total CVD burden and risk factors have not been produced previously. OBJECTIVE: To quantify and describe levels and trends of lost health due to CVD within the United States from 1990 to 2016 as well as risk factors driving these changes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Using the Global Burden of Disease methodology, cardiovascular disease mortality, nonfatal health outcomes, and associated risk factors were analyzed by age group, sex, and year from 1990 to 2016 for all residents in the United States using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling. Burden of disease was estimated for 10 groupings of CVD, and comparative risk analysis was performed. Data were analyzed from August 2016 to July 2017. EXPOSURES: Residing in the United States. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Cardiovascular disease disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). RESULTS: Between 1990 and 2016, age-standardized CVD DALYs for all states decreased. Several states had large rises in their relative rank ordering for total CVD DALYs among states, including Arkansas, Oklahoma, Alabama, Kentucky, Missouri, Indiana, Kansas, Alaska, and Iowa. The rate of decline varied widely across states, and CVD burden increased for a small number of states in the most recent years. Cardiovascular disease DALYs remained twice as large among men compared with women. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of CVD DALYs in all states, but the second most common varied by state. Trends were driven by 12 groups of risk factors, with the largest attributable CVD burden due to dietary risk exposures followed by high systolic blood pressure, high body mass index, high total cholesterol level, high fasting plasma glucose level, tobacco smoking, and low levels of physical activity. Increases in risk-deleted CVD DALY rates between 2006 and 2016 in 16 states suggest additional unmeasured risks beyond these traditional factors. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Large disparities in total burden of CVD persist between US states despite marked improvements in CVD burden. Differences in CVD burden are largely attributable to modifiable risk exposures.
- eHealth in palliative care: introducing a prototype to monitor comfort in palliative care patients at homePublication . Sara, Pinto; Caldeira, Sílvia; Martins, José Carlos
- Do ecrã para a vida: escrever para melhor liderarPublication . Castro, Maria Guilhermina
- Reading and company: embodiment and social space in silent reading practicesPublication . Kuzmičová, Anežka; Dias, Patrícia; Čepič, Ana Vogrinčič; Albrechtslund, Anne Mette Bech; Casado, André; Topić, Marina Kotrla; López, Xavier Mínguez; Nilsson, Skans Kersti; Teixeira-Botelho, InêsReading, even when silent and individual, is a social phenomenon and has often been studied as such. Complementary to this view, research has begun to explore how reading is embodied beyond simply being ‘wired’ in the brain. This article brings the social and embodied perspectives together in a very literal sense. Reporting a qualitative study of reading practices across student focus groups from six European countries, it identifies an underexplored factor in reading behaviour and experience. This factor is the sheer physical presence, and concurrent activity, of other people in the environment where one engages in individual silent reading. The primary goal of the study was to explore the role and possible associations of a number of variables (text type, purpose, device) in selecting generic (e.g. indoors vs outdoors) as well as specific (e.g. home vs library) reading environments. Across all six samples included in the study, participants spontaneously attested to varied, and partly surprising, forms of sensitivity to company and social space in their daily efforts to align body with mind for reading. The article reports these emergent trends and discusses their potential implications for research and practice.
- As Igrejas e a mediação estética nos contextos de iniciação religiosaPublication . Rodrigues, L. M. FigueiredoEste trabalho visa refletir sobre o papel que a arte pode ter na iniciação religiosa, através da sua capacidade de dar visibilidade às busca s espirituais. Ao articular os conceitos de linguagem e tradição, reflete sobre os modos como a cultura religiosa se transmite e renova. Foca, ainda, a sua atenção na relação que há entre arte, espiritualidade e religião.
- Safety evaluation of the food enzyme aqualysin 1 from a genetically modified Bacillus subtilis (strain LMGS 25520)Publication . EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF); Poças, Maria de Fátima TavaresThe food enzyme considered in this opinion is aqualysin 1 (EC 3.4.21.111), produced from the genetically modified strain Bacillus subtilis LMGS 25520 by Puratos NV. The production strain was not detected in the food enzyme. Aqualysin 1 is intended to be used in baking processes. Based on the maximum use level recommended and individual consumption data from the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database, dietary exposure to the food enzyme–total organic solids (TOS) was estimated to be up to 2.13 mg TOS/kg body weight per day in European populations. Genotoxicity tests indicated no genotoxic concerns. The allergenicity was evaluated by searching for similarity of the amino acid sequence to those of known allergens and 23 matches were found (20 respiratory and 3 dermal allergens). However, the Panel considered that there are no indications for food allergic reactions to the food enzyme. The genetic modifications performed, the manufacturing process, the compositional and biochemical data, the allergenicity and the genotoxicity assessment did not raise safety concerns. The Panel considered the margin of exposure (MOE) calculated from the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) determined from the repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study and the estimated dietary exposure as insufficient to conclude that there is no safety concern for this food enzyme under the intended conditions of use. The Panel noted that recombinant DNA was present in all batches of the food enzyme tested.
- Mismatch repair single nucleotide polymorphisms and thyroid cancer susceptibilityPublication . Santos, Luís S.; Silva, Susana N.; Gil, Octávia M.; Ferreira, Teresa C.; Limbert, Edward; Rueff, JoséThyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy and its incidence continues to rise worldwide. Ionizing radiation exposure is the best established etiological factor. Heritability is high; however, despite valuable contribution from recent genome-wide association studies, the current understanding of genetic susceptibility to TC remains limited. Several studies suggest that altered function or expression of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system may contribute to TC pathogenesis. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential role of a panel of MMR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the individual susceptibility to well-differentiated TC (DTC). A case-control study was performed involving 106 DTC patients and 212 age- and gender-matched controls, who were all Caucasian Portuguese. Six SNPs present in distinct MMR genes (MLH1 rs1799977, MSH3 rs26279, MSH4 rs5745325, PMS1 rs5742933, MLH3 rs175080 and MSH6 rs1042821) were genotyped through TaqMan® assays and genotype-associated risk estimates were calculated. An increased risk was observed in MSH6 rs1042821 variant homozygotes [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=3.42, 95% CI: 1.04-11.24, P=0.04, under the co-dominant model; adjusted OR=3.84, 95% CI: 1.18-12.44, P=0.03, under the recessive model]. The association was especially evident for the follicular histotype and female sex. The association was also apparent when MSH6 was analysed in combination with other MMR SNPs such as MSH3 rs26279. Interestingly, two other SNP combinations, both containing the MSH6 heterozygous genotype, were associated with a risk reduction, suggesting a protective effect for these genotype combinations. These data support the idea that MMR SNPs such as MSH6 rs1042821, alone or in combination, may contribute to DTC susceptibility. This is coherent with the limited evidence available. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to validate these findings and to establish the usefulness of these SNPs as genetic susceptibility biomarkers for DTC so that, in the near future, cancer prevention policies may be optimized under a personalized medicine perspective.
- Safety evaluation of food enzyme xylanase from a genetically modified Bacillus subtilis (strain LMG S-27588)Publication . EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF); Poças, Maria de Fátima Tavares Tavares; Gomes, AnaThe food enzyme considered in this opinion is an endo-1,4-β-xylanase (4-β-d-xylan xylanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.8) produced from the genetically modified Bacillus subtilis strain LMG S-27588 by the company Puratos N. V. The production strain was not detected in the food enzyme. The endo-1,4-β-xylanase is intended to be used in baking processes. Based on the maximum use levels recommended and individual consumption data from the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database, dietary exposure to the food enzyme–total organic solids (TOS) was estimated to be up to 0.325 mg TOS/kg body weight (bw) per day in European populations. Genotoxicity tests with the food enzyme indicated no genotoxic concern. The systemic toxicity was assessed by means of a repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study in rodents. A no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was derived (443 mg TOS/kg bw per day), which, compared with the dietary exposure, results in a sufficiently high margin of exposure. The allergenicity was evaluated by comparing the amino acid sequence to those of known allergens; no match was found. The Panel considered that there are no indications for food allergic reactions to this endo-1,4-β-xylanase by dietary exposure. Based on the genetic modifications, the manufacturing process, the compositional and biochemical data, the dietary exposure assessment, the findings in the toxicological studies and allergenicity assessment, the Panel concludes that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use. The Panel noted that recombinant DNA was present in all batches of the food enzyme tested.
- 12th International Seminar on Nursing Research ProceedingsPublication . Vieira, Margarida M.; Neves-Amado, João; Deodato, SérgioA área de Enfermagem da Católica continua a responder à sua missão, criando espaços de divulgação, disseminação de saberes e de oportunidade de desenvolvimento de competências de investigação. Por isto, também o 12º Seminário de Investigação em Enfermagem / 12th International Seminar on Nursing Research, esteve aberto a todos os que pretendem acompanhar o desenvolvimento do conhecimento de enfermagem. E, assim, nesta edição foram apresentados estudos de cento e setenta e três autores, filiados a oitenta e oito instituições, entre Portugal e Brasil, Angola e Equador. Pela primeira vez, tivemos nesta edição um painel de convidados, com o patrocínio da Sociedade Portuguesa de História de Enfermagem. Pelo papel que esta Sociedade tem tido na investigação da história da Enfermagem, incluindo aqui as instituições, os seus atores e o estudo da evolução do conhecimento e da prática, queremos aqui manifestar o nosso reconhecimento e agradecimento público. Tratando-se, neste documento de dar conta dos trabalhos apresentados, eles são da responsabilidade dos seus autores e apenas publicados quando autorizados e disponibilizados. Justifica-se assim a ausência de alguns resumos. Nunca é de mais lembrar a importância destes encontros para todos os que nele participam. Vamos notando, de um ano para outro, os resultados dos encontros entre investigadores e estímulos que os trabalhos provocam nos estudantes. Por fim, resta agradecer a toda a equipa do secretariado e organização, sob a liderança de João Neves-Amado, e a participação dos estudantes do XIII Curso de Doutoramento, dando provas de capacidade de organização e superação de dificuldades. A todos, muito obrigada
- Safety evaluation of the food enzyme maltogenic amylase from a genetically modified Bacillus subtilis (strain NZYM-SM)Publication . EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF); Poças, Maria de Fátima TavaresThe food enzyme considered is a maltogenic amylase (glucan 1,4-α-maltohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.133) produced with the genetically modified Bacillus subtilis strain NZYM-SM by Novozymes A/S. The food enzyme contains neither the production organism nor recombinant DNA. The maltogenic amylase is intended for use in baking processes and starch processing for glucose syrups production. Based on the maximum use levels recommended for the food processes and individual consumption data from the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database, dietary exposure to the food enzyme–Total Organic Solids (TOS) was estimated to be up to 0.168 mg TOS/kg body weight (bw) per day in European populations. The food enzyme did not induce gene mutations in bacteria or chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes. The subchronic toxicity was assessed by means of a repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study in rodents. A no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was derived (320 mg TOS/kg bw per day), which, compared with the dietary exposure, results in a sufficiently high margin of exposure. The allergenicity was evaluated by searching for similarity of the amino acid sequence to those of known allergens. Three matches to occupational respiratory allergens were found, however, the Panel considered that there are no indications for food allergic reactions to the food enzyme. Based on the genetic modifications performed, the manufacturing process, the compositional and biochemical data provided, the dietary exposure assessment, the findings in the toxicological studies and allergenicity assessment, the Panel concluded that the food enzyme maltogenic amylase from Bacillus subtilis strain NZYM-SM does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.