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Authors
Abstract(s)
La obra de estudio de esta disertación corresponde a la escultura denominada “Ternura”,
del escultor portugués Lagoa Henriques y pertenece a la colección del Museo de la
Facultad de Bellas Artes de la Universidad de Oporto. Tras 58 años expuesta en el jardín
de la facultad, rodeada de especies arbóreas, la obra sufrió importantes alteraciones
estructurales, las cuales fueron causadas principalmente por el tiempo, la contaminación
ambiental y la temperatura y la humedad. Estos factores produjeron en la escultura un
nivel de degradación que podría haber llevado a su colapso y ruina.
El objetivo de la intervención de conservación y restauración de la obra fue recuperar su
coherencia material para garantizar su estabilidad y conseguir la restitución formal de las
zonas degradadas para obtener una correcta interpretación artística. Para ello fue
necesario estudiar los materiales que integran “Ternura”, analizar sus alteraciones y la
causa de ellas, para luego ejecutar adecuadamente la restauración. En el estudio de la
obra colaboró un equipo interdisciplinar integrado por profesionales de Física y Química,
Microbiología, Ingeniería Civil y Conservación y Restauración. Todos ellos aportaron
su experiencia para lograr un resultado satisfactorio desde el punto de vista teórico,
práctico y ético.
Para obtener información sobre la escultura y las alteraciones de sus materiales, se
realizaron análisis de Microscopía Óptica (MO), Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido con
Emisión de Campo y Detector de Rayos X (FE-SEM/EDS), Micro difracción de Rayos
X (Micro DRX), así como cultivos de algas y hongos para análisis de especies
microbiológicas colonizadoras y también ensayos sobre el hormigón según normas de
Ingeniería Civil. Las conclusiones obtenidas condujeron a la creación de un protocolo
que facilitó la resolución de situaciones que, de otro modo, podrían haber producido una
intervención errónea en la obra de arte. Asimismo, de estas conclusiones y de la
conservación y restauración de “Ternura”, se obtuvieron orientaciones para la
intervención y preservación de esculturas de hormigón armado, las cuales pueden ser en
el futuro un apoyo para el desafío de intervenir una obra de estas características
materiales.
The case study of this dissertation is “Ternura”, an art work by Lagoa Henriques, a remarkable Portuguese sculptor of the XXth century. This artwork belongs to the Fine Arts Faculty Museum, integrated in the Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Oporto. The sculpture has experienced important structural alterations, during its exhibition outdoor in the faculty garden for 58 years, mainly due by ageing environmental contamination, temperature and moisture. These deterioration agents led “Ternura” to a worrisome condition putting its stability in a risk level which could have caused the collapse and total loss of the artwork. The aim of our conservation work aimed to recover its material –consistency to guarantee its stability and carry out the restitution of the lacunae towards its proper artistic fruition. In order to achieve these goals, a study of the material alterations of “Ternura” was made to the correct framework of the conservation work. A multidisciplinary team of professionals of Physics and Chemistry, Microbiology, Civil Engineering and Conservation of Sculpture was gathered to accomplish the best outcomes from a theoretical, practical and ethic point of view. To obtain information about “Ternura” and its alterations, some techniques were useful: Optical Microscopy (MO), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (FE-SEM-EDX), Micro X-Ray Diffraction (micro XRD), algae and fungi cultures for analyses of biological samples; some essays of the concrete under Civil Engineering’s standards were also necessary. The results of all these analyses led to the establishment of a protocol suitable for the conservation of the sculpture. Furthermore these protocols and the acquired experience with Ternura’s intervention made possible the achievement of general guidelines the intervention and preservation of reinforced concrete sculptures, which we hope, can be a valuable support in the future -conservatorsrestorers with the treatment of this kind of artworks.
The case study of this dissertation is “Ternura”, an art work by Lagoa Henriques, a remarkable Portuguese sculptor of the XXth century. This artwork belongs to the Fine Arts Faculty Museum, integrated in the Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Oporto. The sculpture has experienced important structural alterations, during its exhibition outdoor in the faculty garden for 58 years, mainly due by ageing environmental contamination, temperature and moisture. These deterioration agents led “Ternura” to a worrisome condition putting its stability in a risk level which could have caused the collapse and total loss of the artwork. The aim of our conservation work aimed to recover its material –consistency to guarantee its stability and carry out the restitution of the lacunae towards its proper artistic fruition. In order to achieve these goals, a study of the material alterations of “Ternura” was made to the correct framework of the conservation work. A multidisciplinary team of professionals of Physics and Chemistry, Microbiology, Civil Engineering and Conservation of Sculpture was gathered to accomplish the best outcomes from a theoretical, practical and ethic point of view. To obtain information about “Ternura” and its alterations, some techniques were useful: Optical Microscopy (MO), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (FE-SEM-EDX), Micro X-Ray Diffraction (micro XRD), algae and fungi cultures for analyses of biological samples; some essays of the concrete under Civil Engineering’s standards were also necessary. The results of all these analyses led to the establishment of a protocol suitable for the conservation of the sculpture. Furthermore these protocols and the acquired experience with Ternura’s intervention made possible the achievement of general guidelines the intervention and preservation of reinforced concrete sculptures, which we hope, can be a valuable support in the future -conservatorsrestorers with the treatment of this kind of artworks.
Description
Keywords
Lagoa Henriques Escultura “Ternura" Hormigón armado Corrosión Carbonatación Sculpture “Ternura" Reinforced concrete Corrosion Carbonation