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- Disturbances of attachment in community and institutionalized children in pre- school age: a comparative studyPublication . Carneiro, A.; Dias, P.; Oliveira, P.; Fachada, I.; Baptista, J.; Silva, J.; Marques, S.; Martins, C.; Soares, I.
- Pertenser: assessment of a community based project aiming to promote school successPublication . Martins, Filipe; Carneiro, Alexandra; Santos, Mafalda; Matos, Raquel; Alves, Sofia MexiaO insucesso e o abandono escolar evidenciam-se como problemas sociais prioritários que não se devem apenas a fatores individuais ou familiares. O projeto PertenSer foi concebido como uma resposta educativa de base comunitária com o objetivo de oferecer aos jovens mais vulneráveis oportunidades de desenvolvimento de competências pessoais, sociais e profissionais, reforçando a sua motivação para a aprendizagem e a sua confiança e capacidade para construírem trajetos de vida. Participaram neste projeto 13 jovens dos 14 aos 18 anos, a frequentar o 8.º e o 9.º anos de escolaridade, enquadrados no Programa Integrado de Educação e Formação. A avaliação qualitativa do projeto considerou o envolvimento dos participantes nas ações implementadas e as mudanças no autoconceito e desenvolvimento pessoal e social, no envolvimento escolar e nas perspetivas de futuro. Os resultados destacam melhorias ao nível da autoconfiança e comportamento na escola, assim como na relação com os adultos e na capacidade de definir objetivos a curto e médio prazo. Destacam ainda a promoção da valorização e da motivação para a aprendizagem escolar, que contribuiu para a redução do abandono escolar e para a obtenção de maior sucesso. Como fatores de sucesso do projeto, realçam-se a abordagem comunitária envolvendo diferentes atores extraescolares e as relações de suporte estabelecidas com profissionais e professores.
- Assessment of temperament at 13 and 24 months using maternal report: validation of the Portuguese version of infant characteristics questionnairePublication . Carneiro, Alexandra; Dias, Pedro; Magalhães, Carla; Soares, Isabel; Rangel-Henriques, Margarida; Silva, Joana; Marques, Sofia; Baptista, JoanaTemperament is a set of individual traits that has his origins in biology that is demonstrated from earlychildhood, and has some kind of continuity over time. So, and since the assessment of temperament allows us to understand further the child’s functioning, it becomes relevant validate instruments to collect this type of data. The studies presented here are part of a broader research project that aims to understand the development of children aged from 0 to 60 months. More specifically, the two studies generally aim to validate the Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ1) for 13 and 24 months of age for the Portuguese population, using mothers as informants. The first sample consists in 289 infants aged between 11 and 20months (Study 1) and the second sample comprised 398 children aged between 21 and 32 months (Study2). The two samples were collected in nurseries and day-care area of †northern Portugal, and are convenience samples. In collecting data, in addition to completing the ICQ1, the mother was asked to complete a questionnaire with demographic information about her, child and pregnancy. The specific objectives of this study were to evaluate the psychometric properties of the two versions of this instrument such as construct validity and internal consistency. The results show that factorial solutions achieved were both appropriate for these versions of ICQ1 to 13 months and to 24 months. In addition, levels of internal consistency of the dimensions obtained are generally adequate.
- Agreement and disagreement on emotional and behavioral problems in a sample of preschool-age childrenPublication . Carneiro, Alexandra; Dias, Pedro; Pinto, Raquel; Baiao, Rita; Mesquita, Ana; Soares, IsabelThe present study aimed to identify predictors of agreement and disagreement concerning emotional and behavioral problems reported by the mothers and teachers of preschool-aged children. Participants included 172 (89 boys) children, their mothers, and their preschool teachers. Mothers were asked to complete the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 11/2-5 (CBCL 11/2-5), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and a sociodemographic questionnaire, and were observed engaging in an interactive task with their child. Preschool teachers completed the Caregiver Teacher Report Form for Ages 11/2-5 (CTRF). The results show low cross-informant agreement. None of the studied variables predicted cross-informant agreement; however, maternal psychopathology and the presence of an assistant in the classroom were predictors of disagreement between mothers and teachers. Although these results highlight the influence of maternal and school context variables on the disagreement among informants' reports on the emotional and behavioral problems of preschool-aged children, additional research in this field is needed.
- The right to a second chance: lessons learned from the experience of early school leavers who returned to educationPublication . Martins, Filipe; Carneiro, Alexandra; Campos, Luísa; Ribeiro, Luisa Mota; Negrão, Mariana; Baptista, Isabel; Matos, RaquelBased on a holistic perspective of education that articulates school pedagogy and social pedagogy, the main goal of this paper is to identify effective ways to ensure the right to education to vulnerable and marginalised young people who have dropped out of school. The research leading to this paper was part of a European research project which investigated how young people’s responses to conflict can provide opportunities for positive social engagement. This specific study explored early school leaving and school re-engage-ment from the point of view of a group of 20 Portuguese young early school leavers who later returned to school through Second Chance Education. Through a qualitative approach using individual in-depth interviews, participant observation and focus group, the study sought to offer a comprehensive reading of early school leaving and school re-engagement by address-ing the diversity of motivations, experiences, factors and consequences associated with them, as well as the role that educational policies and school factors can play in it. The study’s findings revealed that, for many socially and economically vulnerable youngsters, mainstream schools are places of individual failure and interpersonal conflict where they don’t feel wel-comed and from which they stop expecting positive outcomes. This favours a progressive disengagement from education that reinforces social marginalisation. However, the findings also showed that by engaging in second chance education projects, youngsters develop greater commitment to education and identify relevant positive changes in terms of personal and skills’ development, behavioural adjustment and establishment of life goals. According to the participants’ experiences, the holistic and individualised socio-pedagogical approach of such projects is particularly apt to respond to their needs. Community-based educational approaches, practical and participatory learning environments, and the emotional investment and support from teachers and staff are shown to be the most effective socio-educational features when trying to re-engage vulnerable young people in education.
- Child’s oxytocin response to mother-child interaction: the contribution of child genetics and maternal behaviorPublication . Baião, Rita; Fearon, Pasco; Belsky, Jay; Baptista, Joana; Carneiro, Alexandra; Pinto, Raquel; Nogueira, Marlene; Oliveira, César; Soares, Isabel; Mesquita, Ana R.The oxytocinergic system is a primary biological system involved in regulating a child’s needs for bonding and for protection from threats. It is responsive to social experiences in close relationships, though evidence across studies is not entirely consistent. Guided by previous literature, we investigated individual and environmental factors predicting and presumably affecting children’s oxytocin (OT) response during mother-child interaction. by focusing on children’s OXTR genotype, and maternal behavior, respectively. This was achieved by assessing salivary OT levels of 88 Portuguese preschoolers prior to and following a mother-child interaction task, and by genotyping children’s OXTR SNP rs53576. Maternal interactive behavior was assessed using Ainsworth scales. Results indicated that child genotype and mother’s sensitive responsiveness interacted in predicting change in child OT concentrations from before to after the interaction. Specifically, Genotypic differences emerged under conditions of low maternal sensitive responsiveness: OT levels increased over time for children with the GG genotype when maternal sensitive responsiveness was low, but no such genotypic differences were evident when mothers were highly sensitive responsive. Findings provide preliminary support for the notion that increased understanding of children’s OT and close relationships requires consideration of both individual and environmental factors.
- From stigmatization and conflict to social participation: opportunities and challenges for portuguese youthPublication . Martins, Filipe; Carneiro, Alexandra; Campos, Luísa; Ribeiro, Luísa; Negrão, Mariana
- Young gender activists: PortugalPublication . Matos, Raquel; Carneiro, Alexandra; Martins, Filipe; Campos, Luísa; Ribeiro, Luisa; Negrão, Mariana
- Risk factors for internalizing and externalizing problems in the preschool years: systematic literature review based on the child behavior checklist 1½–5Publication . Carneiro, Alexandra; Dias, Pedro; Soares, IsabelEarly childhood is a common period for the onset of internalizing and externalizing problems. Many are the risk factors that contribute to the emergence of these types of problems. Literature enhances the importance of viewing the child as part of a system, in order to better understand the origin, the trajectory and the impact of risk factors in child mental health in preschool age. The current systematic literature review aims to examine empirical evidence based on the Child Behavior Checklist 1½–5 for risk factors related to the presence of internalizing and externalizing problems in children aged between 3 and 6 years old. The literature review includes articles published from January 2001 to December 2014. Twenty-eight articles that attend to pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria were reported throughout the review. In general, results indicate that risk factors for internalizing and externalizing problems in preschool age can be organized into three main groups of risks: environment factors, parental/parenting factors, and child factors. It is clear that frequently more than one risk related to the emergence of internalizing and externalizing problems in preschool age children are reported. It is also possible to note that are few risks factors consistently studied in this age, highlighting the need for further investigation.
- A consultoria UCP: olhar a diferençaPublication . Palmeirão, Cristina; Carneiro, Alexandra