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- Africa and the threats to its securityPublication . Garcia, Francisco ProençaThis essay begins by addressing the security context in Africa and the structural violence that is felt throughout the Continent. Later, it addresses the main threats that are manifest in such a differentiated space, emphasizing that in the current context it seems to be the fragility of the States the greatest threat, incapable of guaranteeing their inhabitants the ultimate ends - security, justice and well-being. Despite the failure of the state, people continue to live in these spaces, having various forms of social organization, which subsist and compete with other state structures, in the collection of taxes, in the use of force and also having different forms of social responsibility over the populations they control. The second threat emphasized in the essay, is one of those social structures that seek to impose itself in several geographic spaces: global subversion, which today is materialized in the two main factions of the global jihadist movement (al-Qaeda and Daesh), which seek the conquest of spaces and power also in Africa, using not only political mechanisms, but also, and when necessary, violent actions. Finally, a spectral analysis of other security threats in Africa, whether natural, such as climate change and pandemics, or man-made, such as organized crime and piracy, is presented.
- O papel de Angola na geopolítica regional: o caso da Conferência Internacional sobre a Região dos Grandes Lagos (2011-2017)Publication . Garcia, Francisco; Pedro, Leonardo Tuyenikumwe
- O espaço do atlântico e os principais desafios à segurançaPublication . Garcia, FranciscoNeste artigo procura-se mostrar que a centralidade do Atlântico continua a ser uma realidade, sobretudo pela manutenção da importância geoeconómica da Europa comunitária, pelo novo dinamismo do link transatlântico, mas sobretudo pelo interesse mostrado pelos poderes emergente e re-emergentes no Atlântico Sul. Neste Espaço manifestam-se diversas ameaças e desafios à segurança internacional que são aqui brevemente analisadas, bem como a resposta possível dada pelas organizações internacionais com políticas e práticas consequentes para a região.
- The UN in conflict resolution: the case of East TimorPublication . Garcia, Francisco Proença; Dias, Mónica; Duque, RaquelThe involvement of the United Nations in East Timor can be divided into four periods, including the anti-colonial period (1955-1974), the reaction period (1975-1982), the attenuation period (1983-1998) and the commitment period (from 1999). It is about this last period that this paper will focus by analysing the decisive steps of the UN, as a multilateral organization with a security mandate, in resolving the Timorese conflict and peacebuilding in that territory. This analysis will be guided by the proposals of the document "An Agenda for Peace" presented in 1992 by Boutros Boutros-Ghali, then Secretary-General of the United Nations, and the expectations he created in the field of peace operations. We are particularly interested in looking at the design of post-conflict peacebuilding missions and assessing the extent to which the (expected) capital gains from these operations compared to conventional peacekeeping missions would come to fruition or not. Thus, it is important to examine how the main missions were carried out, with special focus on the different actors, as well as to make a critical balance with some historical distance. In this context, it seems to us that the case of East Timor will be a good example to understand the need for a new approach to peacebuilding, as advocated in this Report, but which at a distance of more than 25 years becomes even more evident. The perception of peace as a continuous process that involves a whole sustainability network, and that depends above all on fostering and developing competences for peace (involving multiple and distinct actors facing constant coordination and negotiation challenges), therefore allows demanding greater commitment on the part of the Security Council, but also on that of the General Assembly in carrying out this difficult task in the context of the new world (dis) order.
- A NATO e os desafios até 2030Publication . Garcia, Francisco; Torres, Manuel Poejo; Ramos, António FontesEste texto está organizado em duas partes interdependentes. A primeira aborda os fatores-chave do condicionamento geopolítico prevalecente; a segunda parte centra-se nos desafios que se colocam à Aliança nesse contexto. Defende, em síntese,a necessidade de um reposicionamento global da nato para o século xxi numa ótica dual track, como forma de continuar a assegurar a dissuasão e defesa coletiva dos aliados mas,simultaneamente, aportar uma atitude de empenhamento político construtivo que a torne uma entidade geradora da estabilidade mundial.Recomenda uma nova sistematizaçãodas relações nato-ue que pode passar pelo desenvolvimento de campanhas completamente integradas e caracteriza algumas das medidas necessárias perante os desafios securitários atuais.
- Cape Verde and the Atlantic spacePublication . Garcia, Francisco ProençaThis paper seeks to show that the centrality of the Atlantic continues to be a reality, above all, by maintaining the geo-economic importance of the European Community, by the new dynamism of the transatlantic link but mainly by the interest shown by emerging and re-emergent powers in the South Atlantic. In this context, Cape Verde plays in the Atlantic an interesting integrating role.
- Economia azul e segurança marítima: o caso de PortugalPublication . Garcia, Francisco Proença; Ribeiro, SóniaPartindo do reconhecimento da relevância da segurança marítima para o desenvolvimento da economia no quadro estruturante da economia globalizada, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o alinhamento da estratégia de segurança e defesa, na União Europeia, e em particular no caso português, com os objetivos expressos para o desenvolvimento da economia marítima, em Portugal e na União. Da avaliação efetuada parece evidenciar-se que, na União Europeia, e particularmente em Portugal, é reconhecida a importância do setor «segurança e defesa» para o cumprimento dos objetivos da Política Marítima Integrada e da Estratégia para o Atlântico, pelo que a Estratégia Global para a Política Externa e de Segurança da União Europeia (EUGS) aparece como um contributo relevante para aqueles objetivos. A centralidade conferida pela EUGS ao Atlântico reforça particularmente as premissas de segurança no desenvolvimento da economia marítima dos países atlânticos, onde Portugal se procura afirmar como produtor de segurança e em simultâneo seu grande beneficiário.
- Nato after the Brussels Summit. An optimistic perspectivePublication . Garcia, Francisco Miguel Gouveia Pinto ProençaThis paper aims at analyzing the results of the NATO Summit held in Brussels between 11 and 12 July 2018 by focusing on three major subjects, all of which are at the heart of the Alliance's concerns: first, NATO relations with Russia; second, the Alliance's defence and deterrence posture to face challenges and threats, whether on its eastern or southern flank; and finally, NATO relations with the European Union (EU). Following the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014, relations with the Alliance and even political dialogue have deteriorated significantly, driving the Alliance to adopt a new defence and deterrence posture. Also, in the South, NATO faces several challenges and threats, having to adapt its defence and deterrence posture to another context. The NATO-EU partnership continues to be strategic for strengthening defence in the European continent but also for cementing transatlantic relations, and it is imperative for the strength of this relationship to fulfill the burden-sharing commitments by increasing the European Allies defence budgets.
- Reinforcing NATO, defending the WestPublication . Garcia, Francisco Proença
- The new european union global strategy: how to meet foreign and security policy challenges?Publication . Garcia, Francisco Proença; Ferro, MónicaEU faces identitarian problems and his loosing international rele-vance, having decided to approve a new Global Strategy, having as the main tool a flexible and adaptable geopolitical CSDP. To complement is strategic role it should enhance is capabilities (military and civilian).