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- A teologia e os LLMs: verdade, viés e mediaçãoPublication . Freitas, Tiago; Novais, Paulo; Freitas, Pedro Miguel; Marcondes, FranciscoEste artigo analisa as implicações teológicas e pastorais da utilização de modelos de linguagem de grande escala no contexto da vida e missão da Igreja Católica. Parte de uma preocupação crescente: de que modo os sistemas de inteligência artificial podem influenciar a mediação da Verdade revelada e a integridade da Tradição eclesial. O objetivo principal é identificar os riscos e potencialidades destas tecnologias aplicadas à teologia, particularmente no que diz respeito à fidelidade doutrinal, à autoridade da Igreja e à transmissão da Tradição. A investigação segue uma metodologia empírica e interdisciplinar, combinando análise comparativa das respostas geradas por seis modelos de linguagem a doze perguntas sobre temas doutrinalmente sensíveis, com reflexão teológica e ética. Os temas abordados incluem a nomeação de bispos na China, o ensino da Igreja sobre o aborto e a sua posição face ao casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo. Os dados revelam conhecimento factual consistente em muitos aspetos, mas também casos de censura temática, instabilidade doutrinal e enviesamento ideológico, influenciados pelo contexto cultural ou político dos modelos. O enquadramento conceptual assenta na teologia católica, na ética digital e nas recentes propostas de regulação da inteligência artificial. Defende-se a importância do discernimento teológico e propõe-se a necessidade de supervisão responsável, diversidade de fontes e desenvolvimento de modelos que promovam o seu uso crítico e sirvam a missão da Igreja sem comprometer a verdade, a comunidade ou o bem comum.
- Direito e robótica: uma primeira aproximaçãoPublication . Silva, Nuno Sousa e
- A cláusula resolutiva expressa como síntese da autonomia e da heteronomia (considerações a partir da análise de uma decisão judicial)Publication . Proença, José Carlos BrandãoDepois de termos lido o acórdão do STJ, de 19/11/de 2009, resolvemos, para um aggiornamento, regressar a um tema ao qual dedicámos alguma em escritos da década de 80. Nos últimos anos, a cláusula resolutiva expressa tem merecido bastante atenção por parte da doutrina franco-italiana, destacando-se, entre nós, como abordagem mais recente, as páginas dedicadas por Romano Martinez à figura em causa. Face à percepção da existência, no tempo mais recente, de um conjunto amplo de decisões sobre a resolução convencional, decidimos tomar por referência o acórdão relatado pelo Conselheiro Serra Baptista com o objectivo de também podermos aferir do estado da jurisprudência sobre certos pontos mais sensíveis que tocam a validade e a eficácia das cláusulas resolutivas.
- As cláusulas de earn-out na compra e venda de empresasPublication . Antunes, José EngráciaO presente estudo tem por objeto a análise do conceito, natureza e regime jurídicos das cláusulas dos contratos de compra e venda de empresa que condicionam a determinação do preço devido pelo comprador à verificação ou não verificação, durante um certo período posterior à conclusão do contrato, de um ou vários eventos futuros e incertos.
- Creating a child-friendly district: strengthening psychological first aid skills for women’s empowerment and child protection (PPPA) cadre in Pemalang regencyPublication . Wahanisa, Rofi; Pratiwi, Pradipta Christy; Prihastuty, Rahmawati; Rahmawati, Dyah Ayu; Adiyatma, Septhian Eka; Nugroho, Satrio SaktiViolence against women and children remains a persistent challenge in Pemalang Regency, with 62 cases reported in 2024. Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection (PPPA) cadres, mandated by local regulations, hold a strategic role in prevention and victim assistance; however, limited capacity constrains the effective implementation of protection policies. This community engagement program introduces an innovative Psychological First Aid (PFA) psychoeducation model that integrates psychological support with legal literacy for non-professional cadres. Delivered through interactive training, field practice, and a structured PFA module, the program enhanced cadres’ competencies in: (1) applying victim-centered communication, (2) connecting survivors to legal and health services, and (3) operationalizing the Child-Friendly District (KLA) policy at the grassroots level. Evaluation results demonstrated significant improvements in cadres’ knowledge and responsiveness. The novelty of this program lies in bridging PFA with the legal framework of women and child protection, thereby providing a replicable model for strengthening the law-in-action dimension of child-friendly policies in Indonesia.
- Image-based sexual abuse: changes in the Portuguese criminal frameworkPublication . Boas, Mariana VilasAs the concept of image-based sexual abuse is developed as a form of sexual violence against women that occurs growingly in the digital sphere, criminal law needs to be adapted in order to criminalise all the behaviours adopted by individuals that harm, particularly, women’s sexual freedom. This article discusses some of the changes imposed or advised by the Directive 2024/1385 and the Istanbul Convention to the Portuguese criminal framework.
- GPAI and the AI act: between regulatory innovation and application fragilePublication . Gregorio, Giovanni de; Muto, Giuseppe; Sartor, Giovanni
- Standard agreements: review of the principles pacta sunt servanda, good faith and fairnessPublication . Priyono, Ery Agus; Saputra, Dimas Almeida; Nugroho, Satrio Sakti; Asih, Dharu TriThe use of standardized contracts today shows one side of the dominance of the modern economy by business entities or companies and even banks. Agreement is one of the main sources in civil law relationships, where the parties involved have the freedom to determine the contents and form of the agreement in accordance with Article 1338 of the Civil Code. In practice, this freedom often does not take place in a balanced manner, especially in standardized agreements. This research focuses on the principle of justice in standard agreements, where the agreement should be able to fulfill a sense of justice for the parties. Justice is very important in standard agreements, to avoid exploitative practices and ensure equal legal protection between the parties. Based on this narrative, it is important to examine how the principle of justice is applied, protected, and enforced in standard agreements that develop in the community. The approach used in this study is normative juridical, focusing on secondary data. The results of the study show that the application of the fairness aspect of contracting in agreements or standardized contracts is still far from expectations. Agreements made in standardized forms tend to benefit one party who has a stronger bargaining position, who usually acts as the "designer" of the standardized contract.
- Climate change, urban planning and environmental migrantsPublication . Carvalho, RaquelClimate change has emerged as a key driver of contemporary migratory movements, alongside traditional causes such as conflict, political persecution, and economic hardship. Unlike war-related or economic migration, climate-induced displacement is typically largescale, involuntary, and permanent. Environmental migrants are often compelled to abandon their territories due to extreme drought, desertification, flooding, and climate-related diseases, with many relocating to urban centres already facing significant infrastructural and environmental pressures. The arrival of these populations exacerbates existing vulnerabilities, including the urban heat island effect, soil sealing, loss of biodiversity, and the overburdening of essential services such as healthcare, housing, food supply, and waste management. Furthermore, integrating culturally diverse, non-autochthonous groups poses additional challenges for social cohesion and governance. Methodologically, this paper is grounded in a theoretical framework and a systematic review of the relevant literature. By explicitly combining the themes of environmental migration, climate change, and urban planning, this study offers a novel perspective, highlighting the urgent need for anticipatory, inclusive, and solidarity-based urban planning aligned with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11, integrating migration risk mapping to ensure sustainable and just urban development.