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- Assistive technologies as rights enablersPublication . Encarnação, Pedro; Cook, Albert M.The Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability establish the rights for all children. For some children, enjoying those rights depends on or is facilitated by assistive technology, that is, products adapted or designed for improving the functioning of disabled people and all services inherent to the selection, acquisition, and use of assistive products. This chapter reviews the definition of assistive technology and briefly describes assistive products categories to show the breadth of assistive products available. It then discusses children rights and how they can be mediated or moderated by assistive technologies. Some of the challenges and ethical issues of assistive technology provision for children are also examined.
- Brexit. Uma questão de racionalidade políticaPublication . Bongardt, Annette; Torres, FranciscoO Brexit conduz-nos à questão da dimensão óptima (ou sustentável) da União Europeia. Países com preferências permanentemente divergentes ou mesmo irreconciliáveis com os objectivos da União podem e devem optar pela saída, escolhendo livremente o próprio caminho sem bloquear o processo de integração europeia. O Brexit escolha livre e democrática do RU é por isso um desenvolvimento lógico e positivo para a Europa.
- Broadband in schools: does it help or hurt student performance?Publication . Belo, Rodrigo; Ferreira, Pedro; Telang, RahulThis paper provides empirical evidence on the effects of broadband Internet usage in schools on student performance in terms of national exams scores. We use a rich panel of data that has information on test scores, as well as broadband usage for all schools in Portugal, allowing us to control for school-specific effects. Additionally we use an instrument to account for possible unobserved time-varying effects. For 9th grade students, our estimates indicate that a higher use of broadband Internet is detrimental for students' test scores, despite this effect seeming to be wearing off with time. We find that the adverse effect tends to be reinforced for boys and weakened for girls, compared to the pooled estimates. We also find that schools with worse performance right before the introduction of broadband Internet in schools suffered the most. Our results suggest that introduction of broadband Internet in schools is not enough to improve students' performance. Broadband deployment in schools needs to be accompanied by complementary measures that support the use of the technology in productive ways.
- Case study: the strategic implementation of the SDGs at EfacecPublication . Almeida, Filipa Pires de; Cantarino, Natália; Sarmento, MafaldaThis case study results from a project conducted by the Center in close collaboration with Efacec, a Portuguese company with global operations in the energy, mobility, and environment sectors. The main goal of the project was to support the organization in choosing and implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) along its core strategy and business operations. This case study describes the processes undertaken to achieve these outcomes and was developed with the goal of supporting students and other companies better comprehend the hurdles, benefits, and cutting-edge strategies to bring the 2030 Agenda to the center of organizational strategy while creating economic, social and environmental value for its stakeholders. It also encompasses a teaching note that aims to develop further knowledge and critical thinking around the questions that arise during the implementation of the project, focusing on discussing the main learnings of this process.
- Changing perspectives on disability and technology: events, trends and personal choicesPublication . Hoogerwerf, Evert-Jan; Andrich, Renzo; Bühler, Christian; Craddock, Gerald; Witte, Luc de; Encarnação, Pedro; Mavrou, Katerina; Miesenberger, KlausIn this chapter, eight (past-)presidents of the Association for the Advancement of Assistive Technology in Europe (AAATE) reflect on their personal engagement with the technology and disability field. The result is a patchwork of personal contributions, reflecting aspects of the contemporary history of Assistive Technology in its broadest sense, relevant for our collective memory and for those attracted to this field for their professional career.
- Combining space syntax with machine learning to predict seating places: the case of Gulbenkian estate in PortugalPublication . Fernandes, Pedro AfonsoA recent trend in space syntax is the application of machine learning (ML) techniques to extend the analyses traditionally performed with methods from graph theory. The goal of this paper is to explore the relationship between visual syntactic measures and the location of seating places in a grid with the resort of ML methods. As far as a public housing estate (Bairro Gulbenkian) located in Odivelas, near Lisbon, Portugal, is concerned, we found that the location of benches can be predicted accurately from visual connectivity, clustering, control, controllability, integration and through vision using partial least squares or random forests. In fact, these two methods provide a better balance between sensitivity (the proportion of seating places classified as such) and specificity (the proportion of other places classified as such) than logistic regression, least absolute shrinkage operator (LASSO), decision trees, support vector machines and neural networks. In addition, we found that visual clustering, integration, control and through vision may be the key measures to predict seating places.
- O exercício do poder disciplinar no ordenamento jurídico angolanoPublication . Nigiolela, MárciaO Exercício do poder disciplinar é uma reflexão científica, com elementos práticos relevantes, sobre a realidade jurídica do exercício deste direito conferido por lei ao empregador. Na obra, a autora discorre sobre o âmbito de aplicação do mesmo, a sua natureza e as consequências. Fica de fora o exercício do poder disciplinar na função pública por ser uma matéria reservada a outro ramo do Direito que não o Direito do Trabalho, área de investigação da autora.
- Guidelines for supporting children with disabilities' play: methodologies, tools, and contextsPublication . Encarnação, Pedro; Ray-Kaeser, Sylvie; Bianquin, NicoleAll children want to play. This is also true for children with disabilities. Facilitating their engagement in play, whatever children’s capacities, is a central premise of people who view play as fundamental for their development and well-being. Play for the sake of play, just for recreational pleasure and enjoyment, without any secondary goal. In this book you’ll find guidelines to support children with disabilities’ play. They can be a useful tool for ensuring that children with disabilities can fully enjoy their right to play, for improving the quality of children’s play, enhancing their play satisfaction and participation, and reducing play deprivation. Written in a lay-person language, providing ready-to-use information, this book is for parents, teachers, rehabilitation professionals, toy manufacturers, policy makers and in general for all of those interested in the topic of play for children with disabilities. This publication results from the research and work of a transdisciplinary team, all participants in the COST Action “LUDI - Play for Children with Disabilities”.
- How humans judge machinesPublication . Hidalgo, César A.; Orghian, Diana; Canals, Jordi Albo; Almeida, Filipa de; Martin, NataliaHow would you feel about losing your job to a machine? How about a tsunami alert system that fails? Would you react differently to acts of discrimination depending on whether they were carried out by a machine or by a human? What about public surveillance? How Humans Judge Machines compares people's reactions to actions performed by humans and machines. Using data collected in dozens of experiments, this book reveals the biases that permeate human-machine interactions. Are there conditions in which we judge machines unfairly? Is our judgment of machines affected by the moral dimensions of a scenario? Is our judgment of machine correlated with demographic factors such as education or gender? César Hidalgo and colleagues use hard science to take on these pressing technological questions. Using randomized experiments, they create revealing counterfactuals and build statistical models to explain how people judge artificial intelligence and whether they do it fairly. Through original research, How Humans Judge Machines bring us one step closer to understanding the ethical consequences of AI.
- IFVI and VBA’s impact accounting methodology: implementation guidePublication . Conde, Sofia; Ferreira, Nuno; Lancastre, FilipaThis research note presents the methodological foundations and practical implementation framework of the Impact Accounting (IA) methodology developed by the International Foundation for Valuing Impacts (IFVI) and the Value Balancing Alliance (VBA). It explains how this approach enables companies to measure, value, and report their impacts on society and the environment in monetary terms, bridging the gap between sustainability disclosure and business decision-making. The note outlines a five-phase development process that ensures scientific rigor, expert validation, and stakeholder legitimacy for each impact topic. It then details a six-step implementation framework that guides companies through context analysis, material impact identification, data collection, outcome assessment, impact valuation, and aggregation into unified impact accounts. Crucially, the methodology is designed for straightforward implementation. When a value factor validated by the Valuation Technical & Practitioner Committee (VTPC) is available, companies simply multiply their existing data points, often those already reported under the CSRD, by the corresponding value factor. This eliminates the need for complex modeling or outcomes definition, making impact accounting both practical and scalable. By combining robust valuation techniques and standardized value factors, the IFVI and VBA methodology provides a clear, comparable, and decision-useful tool for embedding impact accounting in corporate strategies. It enables organizations to move beyond compliance-driven sustainability reporting and toward impact-driven decision-making, creating measurable value for both business and society.