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- Climate change and terrorism: the challenges for multilateralismPublication . Duque, RaquelClimate change poses one the most serious challenges to societies across the globe. As a transnational phenomenon, the action of a State alone cannot prevent, combat or mitigate the adverse consequences of climate change. The complexity of climate change also lies in its impacts in transversal sectors such as economics, politics, science, ethics, among others. Moreover, the scarcity of essential goods, material or immaterial, generates tensions in any community and climate change have implications in the livelihoods of people whenever there is a drought, a hurricane or a tsunami. These extreme conditions force people to displace in their country or to migrate and exacerbate the fragility of states which terrorist groups may exploit in their own profit. Awareness of climate change in all its dimensions has led states to recognize the importance of cooperation in solving domestic problems caused by the effects of climate change. Dialogue in multilateral arenas and action plans sanctioned by as many countries as possible, ensuring global action, becomes the most effective answer to climate change. Never have climate change issues had so much attention and concern from heads of state and government and public opinion. This can be seen in the diversity of high-level summits and panels in multilateral forums such as the UN, the European Union and security organizations such as NATO where climate change has been the central theme. From the above mentioned ideas, it is important to better understand the nexus between climate change and terrorism, as well as how multilateralism can respond to both phenomena, and this will constitute the core of this paper.
- Computer guided bone harvesting from mandible. Case seriesPublication . Marques, Tiago; Correia, André; Araújo, Filipe; Santos, Nuno
- ECB's discretion vs legitimacy: in defence of a limited central bankPublication . Faria, Luís Leal deThe European sovereign debt crisis, and later the pandemic, led the ECB to take unconventional monetary policy measures to restore confidence in the Euro. While these measures were necessary to preserve Europe’s financial and economic stability, they also resulted in an increasing accumulation of power by the ECB, which may warrant a rebalance of the framework that underpins its legitimacy. While independent central banks are widely recognised as essential to avoid manipulation in favour of short-term political interests, it is also crucial to ensure that they remain legitimate in the eyes of constitutional democracies. This balance seems increasingly challenging to achieve, especially when the ECB’s actions imply value judgments that may be outside its technocratic scope. Moreover, doubts arise as to whether it can effectively deliver on its mandate in the current high inflation context. Against this background, this paper assesses how the ECB’s increasing scope of action may threaten its legitimacy. To carry out this analysis, we first focus on the concept of discretion, illustrating how some of the ECB’s current policies fall outside its technocratic sphere, entering a political dimension. Then, we reflect on the consequences of this behaviour, arguing that the ECB needs to reduce its scope of action to remain relevant in the future.
- Freedom and pandemic: on the way to a police state?Publication . Duque, RaquelThe COVID-19 pandemic presents a serious threat to public health. At the same time, measures adopted to combat it can have harmful and discriminatory effects on political rights and civil liberties, caused either intentionally or accidentally .Since the coronavirus outbreak, the condition of democracy and human rights has grown worse in 80 countries around the world according to the Freedom House. Governments have engaged in abuses of power, silenced their critics, undermined institutions and the existing mechanisms of accountability.This is the conclusion of the Freedom House research on the impact of COVID-19 on democracy and human rights which is original and based on a survey of nearly 400 journalists, civil society staff, activists, and other experts as well as research on 192 countries.The research presents the assumption that the COVID-19 pandemic is exacerbating the 14 years of repeated decline in freedom. Not only has democracy weakened in 80 countries, but the problem has become critical in struggling democracies and repressive states. This is also the basis of our presentation.The crisis of democracy is not a new political science subject, neither it is from this century. However, recently the pandemic seems to be the perfect excuse to impose measures that will be hard to reverse. Our presentation will analyse how democracy is being challenged during this pandemic and in order to do this, we will follow the “minimalist” and “electoralist” definition; at the same time, we will review some literature about the crises of democracy and connect this with the four behaviour warning signs made by Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt, that will help to identify a break in democracy.
- Humidificação de oxigénio de baixo fluxo à pessoa em situação crítica: a scoping reviewPublication . Conceição, C.; Santos, C.; Morgado, S.; Martins, L.; Madureira, M.; Veludo, F.
- Influência dos self etch na estabilidade da cor de restaurações com resinas bulk fillPublication . Belchior, S.; Almeida, C.; Correia, A.; Noites, R.
- Is the initial training of Portuguese early childhood education and care professionals adequately preparing them to work with children aged 0-3?Publication . Moreira, Janete Silva; Gregório, Inês; Aguiar, Ana Lúcia; Brito, Ana Teresa; Cadima, Joana; Barros, LuísaThe ProFormação 0-3 project aims to characterize Portuguese early childhood education and care (ECEC) professionals’ initial training regarding children aged 0-3. Literature shows that ECEC professionals with specific training to work with children aged 0-3 have a more complex and multidimensional comprehension of their development and learning processes (Hu et al., 2019; Schaack et al., 2017). But further investigation is needed, specifically in Portugal (Gomes & Brito, 2022; Vasconcelos, 2011), to identify initial training key-elements (i.e., contents; practices) to potentiate ECEC quality (Eckhardt & Egert, 2018; Loizou & Recchia, 2018). To reach its goals, the project included 2 phases: a) documental analysis to identify all higher education and vocational programs available; b) focus groups with higher education lecturers of identified programs to understand their perceptions on how initial training prepares ECEC teachers to work with children aged 0-3, and with ECEC professionals to identify their training needs. The project was approved by the Ethics and Deontology Commission of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Lisbon and complies with all ethical procedures. Results showed that contents related to work with children aged 0-3 are rarely included in initial programs, raising concerns regarding professionals’ preparation to work with infants/toddlers. Interviewees reported a greater focus on children under 3 is needed and expressed their perceptions on the most relevant changes needed. Gaps between contents of current programs and the training needs of ECEC professionals will be discussed, as well as recommendations for relevant complementary training offers.