Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2021-07"
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- Para a compreensão da colaboração docente: um estudo com professores de matemáticaPublication . Araújo, Joaquim Machado de; Gil, PauloA atividade docente carateriza-se por uma dimensão individual, mais técnica, e outra colegial, mais funcional. O estudo, de natureza exploratória, visa compreender a abrangência do trabalho docente para além da aula e a diversidade de interações dos professores no seio do grupo disciplinar. A partir da análise documental e de um inquérito por questionário, o estudo identifica um trabalho individual orientado sobretudo para a lecionação, um trabalho colegial focado sobretudo na organização e no controlo, um desempenho profissional justificado em termos de cumprimento em conformidade e interações docentes inscritas em níveis distintos de trabalho em equipa.
- Climate change and terrorism: the challenges for multilateralismPublication . Duque, RaquelClimate change poses one the most serious challenges to societies across the globe. As a transnational phenomenon, the action of a State alone cannot prevent, combat or mitigate the adverse consequences of climate change. The complexity of climate change also lies in its impacts in transversal sectors such as economics, politics, science, ethics, among others. Moreover, the scarcity of essential goods, material or immaterial, generates tensions in any community and climate change have implications in the livelihoods of people whenever there is a drought, a hurricane or a tsunami. These extreme conditions force people to displace in their country or to migrate and exacerbate the fragility of states which terrorist groups may exploit in their own profit. Awareness of climate change in all its dimensions has led states to recognize the importance of cooperation in solving domestic problems caused by the effects of climate change. Dialogue in multilateral arenas and action plans sanctioned by as many countries as possible, ensuring global action, becomes the most effective answer to climate change. Never have climate change issues had so much attention and concern from heads of state and government and public opinion. This can be seen in the diversity of high-level summits and panels in multilateral forums such as the UN, the European Union and security organizations such as NATO where climate change has been the central theme. From the above mentioned ideas, it is important to better understand the nexus between climate change and terrorism, as well as how multilateralism can respond to both phenomena, and this will constitute the core of this paper.
- The COVID-19 vaccination agenda. European and portuguese official sources’ performance in Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedinPublication . Santos, Clara Almeida; Magalhães, Olga Estrela; Burnay, Catarina Duff; Araújo, RitaThe authorization for the vaccine against Covid-19 and the beginning of the vaccination in the European Union represent a very singular moment in several dimensions, including strategic communication. In the context of a pandemic and an infodemic-an epidemic also recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) characterized by the abnormal increase of information on a given subject carrying the risk of severe disinformation phenomena-the need for authorities (both Portuguese and European) to convey accurate information and to maintain a communicative proximity is crucial. In these circumstances, online social networks represent ineluctable channels to deliver official information. In this article, we analyze how the European Commission, the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the WHO Regional Office for Europe, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, the Representation of the European Commission in Portugal, the Portuguese Government, the Portuguese Directorate-General of Health, and the Portuguese National Health Service have used Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn to communicate the vaccination during one month since the EMA’s authorization (21st December 2020). All posts from the referred sources on the four social networks (719 occurrences) were collected and content analysis methods were then applied. The results show that both Portuguese and European official sources use social media to convey authoritative information about the vaccination against Covid-19: more than one third of the posts analyzed link to institutional websites and more than half the publications have an informative framing. On the other hand, the analyze suggests that there is a strong political capitalization of the momentum of hope. This exploratory study case shows the importance of social media analysis in the context of the Covid-19.
- Potential of slurry from intensive dairy cattle farms for Paulownia and Populus trees, as organic fertilizer: I. effect on productionPublication . Menino, R.; Pereira, S. A.; Moreira, H.; Branco, A. C.; Gomes, A. A.; Rodrigues, A.; Cunha, J.; Castro, P.; Vega, A.; Cardoso, E.; Machado, M. J.; Alves, R.; Cardoso, F.; Lopes, F.; Guedes, R.
- Policy interventions promoting sustainable food- and feed-systems: a Delphi study of legume production and consumptionPublication . Balazs, Balint; Kelemen, Eszter; Centofanti, Tiziana; Vasconcelos, Marta W.; Iannetta, Pietro P. M.The food- and feed-value systems in the European Union are not protein self-sufficient. Despite the potential of legume-supported production systems to reduce the externalities caused by current cultivation practices (excessive use of N fertilizer) and improve the sustainability of the arable cropping systems and the quality of human diets, sufficient production of high-protein legume grains in Europe has not been achieved due to multiple barriers. Identifying the barriers to the production and consumption of legumes is the first step in realizing new pathways towards more sustainable food systems of which legumes are integral part. In this study, we engage stakeholders and decision-makers in a structured communication process, the Delphi method, to identify policy interventions leveraging barriers that hinder the production and consumption of legumes in the EU. This study is one of a kind and uses a systematic method to reach a common understanding of the policy incoherencies across sectors. Through this method we identify policy interventions that may promote the production of legumes and the creation of legume-based products in the EU. Policies that encourage reduced use of inorganic N fertilizer represent an important step toward a shift in the increased cultivation of legumes. Relatedly, investment in R&D, extension services, and knowledge transfer is necessary to support a smooth transition from the heavy use of synthetic N fertilizer in conventional agriculture. These policy interventions are discussed within current EU and national plant-protein strategies.
- School psychologists training in applied approaches for the construction of inclusive schools in Portugal: process descriptionPublication . Carvalho, Marisa; Martins, Cristina; Alves, Diana; Marques, Elisabete; Azevedo, Helena; Cruz, Joana; Fonseca, Marisa; Tormenta, Nuna; Cunha, Rosário Serrão; Ramalho, Sofia; Jesus, Teresa
- Children’s understanding of informed assents in research studiesPublication . Cotrim, Hortense; Granja, Cristina; Carvalho, Ana Sofia; Cotrim, Carlos; Martins, RuiThe assent procedure reflects an effort to enable the minor to understand, to the degree they are capable of, what their participation in the decision making process would involve. Aims: To evaluate the minors’ ability to understand the information provided to them when obtaining assent and to evaluate the opinion of the parents regarding the importance of asking the child’s assent. Methods: The sample included a total of 52 minors aged between 10 and 17 years who underwent exercise echocardiogram. The Quality of Informed Consent is divided into two parts: Part A was used to measure objective understanding and part B to measure subjective understanding. Results: The results show that the minors have a high capacity to understand the information given to them when asking for assent. A positive relationship was found between the two parts of the questionnaire. No statistically significant relationship was found between age and sex and part A and part B or between both age groups (<14 years old and ≥14 years old) and the measure. In the case of the parents, 96.6% of parents consider assent as an advantage for the child’s acceptance of health care. The opinion of the parents is not related to the age, sex or level of schooling. Conclusion: Minors showed a substantial level of understanding regarding the information provided to them. The parents considered the implementation of assent fundamental to the child’s acceptance of health care.
- DemocraciaPublication . Maduro, Miguel Poiares; Botelho, Catarina Santos
- A comparison between two approaches to optimize weights of connections in artificial neural networksPublication . Teymourifar, AydinArtificial neural networks (ANNs) have been used for estimation in numerous areas. Raising the accuracy of ANNs is always one of the important challenges, which is generally defined as a non-linear optimization problem. The aim of this optimization is to find better values for the weights of the connections and biases in ANN because they seriously affect the efficiency. This study uses two approaches to do such optimization in an ANN. For this aim, we create a feed-forward backpropagation ANN using the functions of MATLAB’s deep learning toolbox. To improve its accuracy, in the first approach, we use the Levenberg—Marquardt algorithm (LMA) for training, which is available in MATLAB’s deep learning toolbox. In the second approach, we optimize the values of weights and biases of ANN with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), available in MATLAB’s global optimization toolbox. Then, we assess the accuracy of estimation for the trained ANNs. In this way, for the first time in the literature, we compare these methods for the optimization of an ANN. The used data sets are also available in MATLAB. Based on the acquired results, in some data sets, training with LMA, and for some others training with PSO cause the best results, however, training with LMA is faster, significantly. Although the used approaches and the obtained conclusions are beneficial for researchers that work in this field, they have some limitations. For instance, since only the functions and data sets from MATLAB are used, it can only serve as an example for researchers.
- Lideranças e aprendizagens: projeto de investigação em zonas de influência pedagógicaPublication . Cumbelembe, Adriana; Machado, Joaquim; Palmeirão, CristinaVários estudos organizacionais realçam a influência exercida pelas estruturas de gestão no trabalho docente e problematizam o alcance dos processos de reestruturação como dispositivo de melhoria da qualidade do ensino, se a ação das lideranças pedagógicas não se focarem nas aprendizagens curriculares. Neste sentido, os sistemas nacionais de ensino tradicionalmente mais centralizados vêm reformulando a distribuição de competências criando estruturas, como é o caso das Zonas de Influência Pedagógica (ZIP) em Angola, que, ao mesmo tempo que associam escolas de um determinado território, requerem a participação das lideranças pedagógicas das escolas que o integram na promoção de uma educação que garanta maior equidade e justiça no acesso e sucesso de todos e de cada um. O presente artigo dá conta de um projeto de investigação em curso na Universidade Católica Portuguesa com vista ao doutoramento, cujo objetivo é compreender como é que a organização das ZIP e as lideranças contribuem para a aprendizagem dos alunos e para o desenvolvimento organizacional do ensino primário em Angola. A investigação de natureza interpretativa desenvolve-se em três ZIP, comportando três eixos de análise: as ZIP como instrumento de mudança na administração do sistema escolar, as lideranças nas ZIP e a influência das mesmas na melhoria do ensino primário. O artigo apresenta os objetivos, as questões orientadoras e as técnicas e instrumentos de pesquisa e expõe algumas conclusões (ainda) provisórias, nomeadamente alguma dissociação entre o plano normativo e o plano da ação organizacional e a compaginação da cultura de obediência hierárquica e conformidade legal e a cultura de associação e autonomia.