Percorrer por tipo de recurso "review article"
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- 360 Health Analysis (H360) - a proposal for an integrated vision of breast cancer in PortugalPublication . Coelho, Sara; Rego, Inês Brandão; Dionísio, Maria Rita; Cavaco-Silva, Joana; Semedo, Patrícia Miguel; Pavão, Francisco; Leite, Ricardo Baptista; Costa, LuísH360 aims to provide a comprehensive picture of breast cancer management in Portugal by retrieving real-world data from 10 Portuguese hospitals and deriving a snapshot from the medical interpretation of evidence-based data to patient perspective on the quality and effectiveness of medical care provided. This article reviews evidence on breast cancer clinical practice and quality of care and disease management in Portugal. A review of evidence on breast cancer clinical practice and quality of care over the last 10 years was performed in PubMed using the query “Organization and Administration"[Mesh] AND "breast cancer"[All Fields] NOT “Review” [ptyp]. National cancer initiatives relevant for quality of care and national and international guidelines and consensus were analyzed. Retrieved results showed that breast cancer incidence is still increasing, including in Portugal. Studies investigating disease outcomes seek to derive improvements to clinical practice and better financial resource allocation. Setting performance measures (KPIs) in institutions treating cancer is not a reality in Portugal yet, but has potential to leverage the quality of clinical performance. A multidisciplinary approach within one health structure is also desirable. More investment in clinical (including academic) research is key to optimize the quality of care. Implementation of clinical practice guidelines (largely based on ESMO guidelines in Portugal) is crucial to improve patient outcomes. Not less importantly, quality of life is a treatment goal on its own in breast cancer care. Breast cancer remains a health challenge and a multidimensional, 360-degree appraisal, beyond the exclusively clinical perspective, may provide new insights towards an optimal patient-centered approach.
- Advancing diabetes treatment: from human beta cell technology to bioartificial pancreas developmentPublication . Sá, Joana; Sá, Simone; Leménager, Hélène; Costa, Raquel; Onteniente, Brigitte; Soares, Raquel; Ribeiro, Viviana P.; Oliveira, Ana L.In 2021, approximately 537 million people worldwide, primarily in low- and middle-income countries, were affected by diabetes, leading to approximately 6.7 million deaths annually or severe secondary complications including life-threatening hyperglycemia. For nearly 50 years, current therapeutic approaches include full pancreas transplantation and isolated pancreatic islets, more recently, cell therapy such as in vitro generated islets and stem cell derived. The transplantation of pancreatic islet cells can be less invasive than full organ transplantation, however, does not achieve the same rate of functional success due to the low survival of the engrafted cells. Tissue-engineered bioartificial pancreas has been designed to address such issues, improving cell engraftment, survival, and immune rejection problems, with the added advantage that the tissue produced in vitro has an unlimited source of material.
- Advancing solar cooking: challenges, innovations, and future directionsPublication . Araújo, Ana C.; Gomes, Ana; Rodrigues, Pedro M.; Silva, Cristina L. M.
- The antimicrobial effect of the incorporation of inorganic substances into heat-cured denture base resins - a systematic reviewPublication . Lima, Mariana; Salgado, Helena; Correia, André; Fonseca, PatríciaIntroduction: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is the most widely used denture base material due to its favourable properties. Several studies have tested the incorporation of anti-infective agents into PMMA as a strategy to prevent biofilm growth on the denture surface. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of incorporating inorganic antimicrobial particles into denture base resins in preventing antimicrobial growth, thereby identifying the most effective agents for enhancing PMMA’s antimicrobial properties. Materials and methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the research protocol was registered in PROSPERO. The search was performed by using Medical Subject Headings and free text combined with Boolean operators in PubMed/Medline® and in Cochrane® and a free text combination in Web of Science® Core Collection. Data regarding the inorganic particles studied, their antimicrobial effect, and the type of samples produced were collected and analysed. Results: After screening, a total of fifteen studies were included in this review. Most samples were disk-shaped and of varying sizes, and the most tested microbial strain was Candida albicans. Silver was the most used antimicrobial particle, followed by gold, titanium, and copper. Conclusions: Overall, incorporating inorganic particles into PMMA has produced promising antimicrobial results, depending on the concentration. Due to the high heterogeneity observed in the samples, more studies are recommended, particularly clinical trials.
- Antimicrobial potential of bioactive resin composites in caries management: a systematic review of in vitro studiesPublication . Lopes, Sara; Lopes, Pedro C.; Fidalgo-Pereira, Rita; Flores-Fraile, Javier; Veiga, Nélio; Gomes, Ana T. P. C.Introduction: Secondary caries is the leading cause of failure in resin composite restorations due to biofilm accumulation. Bioactive resin composites (BRCs) release ions that promote remineralization and inhibit bacterial growth. This review compares microbial adhesion and antimicrobial effectiveness between BRCs and conventional resin composites. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in databases PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library to identify in vitro studies evaluating bacterial adhesion and antimicrobial effect of commercially available bioactive resin composites and their comparison with conventional resin composites. Studies reporting on microbial adhesion and/or antimicrobial effects were included. Results: A total of 272 potentially relevant articles were identified. Following PRISMA guidelines, eight articles met the inclusion criteria. The studies focused on five commercially available BRCs: Activa Bioactive Restorative (ACT), Beautifil II (BE), Cention N (CN), Equia Forte (EF), and SDR Flow Plus. Most studies assessed the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans in isolation. While microbial adhesion was observed on both bioactive and conventional resin composites, cell viability differed, with BRCs demonstrating superior antimicrobial effects. Conclusion: Bacterial adhesion to dental restorative materials is influenced by surface roughness, hydrophilicity, chemical composition, and ion release. This review suggests that BRCs and conventional resin composites exhibit similar surface characteristics, resulting in comparable bacterial adhesion. However, BRCs show greater efficacy in reducing bacterial viability, probably due to ion release, which modulates the local microenvironment and microbial dynamics. Further research is needed to explore the broader impact of ion release on the oral microbiome and its potential role in dysbiosis and disease progression.
- Applications of large language models in cardiovascular disease: a systematic reviewPublication . Santos, José Ferreira; Ladeiras-Lopes, Ricardo; Leite, Francisca; Dores, HélderCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Large language models (LLMs) offer potential solutions for enhancing patient education and supporting clinical decision-making. This study aimed to evaluate LLMs’ applications in CVD and explore their current implementation, from prevention to treatment. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, this systematic review assessed LLM applications in CVD. A comprehensive PubMed search identified relevant studies. The review prioritized pragmatic and practical applications of LLMs. Key applications, benefits, and limitations of LLMs in CVD prevention were summarized. Thirty-five observational studies met the eligibility criteria. Of these, 54% addressed primary prevention and risk factor management, while 46% focused on established CVD. Commercial LLMs were evaluated in all but one study, with 91% (32 studies) assessing ChatGPT. The LLM applications were categorized as follows: 72% addressed patient education, 17% clinical decision support, and 11% both. In 68% of studies, the primary objective was to evaluate LLMs’ performance in answering frequently asked patient questions, with results indicating accurate, comprehensive, and generally safe responses. However, occasional misinformation and hallucinated references were noted. Additional applications included patient guidance on CVD, first aid, and lifestyle recommendations. Large language models were assessed for medical questions, diagnostic support, and treatment recommendations in clinical decision support. Large language models hold significant potential in CVD prevention and treatment. Evidence supports their potential as an alternative source of information for addressing patients’ questions about common CVD. However, further validation is needed for their application in individualized care, from diagnosis to treatment.
- Arabinogalactan proteins: decoding the multifaceted roles in plant reproductionPublication . Silva, Jessy; Moreira, Diana; Ferreira, Maria João; Pereira, Ana Marta; Pereira, Luís Gustavo; Coimbra, SílviaArabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated cell wall proteins essential for plant growth and reproduction. AGPs are extensively decorated with arabinogalactan polysaccharides, composed primarily of arabinose and galactose, along with minor sugars such as glucuronic acid, fucose, and rhamnose. Their glycosylation patterns and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor enable interactions with receptors, modulating signal transduction pathways critical for reproduction. AGPs also associate with cell wall components like pectin and hemicellulose, impacting cellulose deposition and cell wall integrity. Recent research highlights AGPs’ role as calcium (Ca2+) capacitors, regulating Ca2+ storage and release during crucial reproductive stages. Despite significant progress, their precise molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we explore the multifaceted roles of AGPs in plant reproduction, shedding light on the recent progress in their involvement in signalling pathways, cell wall interactions, and Ca2+ homeostasis, while highlighting the ongoing research needed to fully understand their mechanisms in reproductive success.
- Arresting images: inhabiting the Nazi archive in Yael Hersonski’s a Film unfinishedPublication . Agostinho, DanielaThe filmic appropriation of archival imagery has become pivotal within the new archival economy of memory. What is particularly striking about this transnational trend is that more than a reproduction of images of the past for illustrative purposes, at stake in many recent appropriation films is a post-memorial fascination with archival images and simultaneously a critical interrogation of their epistemological gaps, their conditions of production, and their role in shaping the memory of historical violence. Yael Hersonski’s A Film Unfinished (2010), which refigures a Nazi propaganda film of the Warsaw ghetto, is a symptomatic case where the enigmatic appeal of archival images coexists with a suspicious examination of their constitutive flaws. Through close reading of the film, and a discussion of Derrida’s notion of “archive fever” in relation to the Nazi archival culture, this article will inquire into the dynamics of archive imagery at play within contemporary cinematic practices, arguing that the disappearance of the witness has raised a renewed crisis of representation of the Holocaust, in which the archive becomes a critical but fraught centrepiece.
- The Artificial Intelligence act: critical overviewPublication . Silva, Nuno Sousa eThis article provides a critical overview of the recently approved Artificial Intelligence Act. It starts by presenting the main structure, objectives, and approach of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689. Followed by a definition of key concepts, finally the material and territorial scope, as well asan examination of the timing of application, are analyzed. Although the Regulation does not explicitly set out principles, the main ideas of fairness, accountability, transparency, and equity in AI underly a set of rules of the regulation. This is discussed before looking at the ill-defined set of forbidden AI practices (manipulation and exploitation of vulnerabilities, social scoring, biometric identification and classification, and predictive policing). It is highlighted that those rules deal with behaviors rather than AI systems. The qualification and regulation of high-risk AI systems are tackled, alongside the obligation of transparency for certain AI systems, the regulation of general-purpose models, and the rules on certification, supervision, and sanctions. The text concludes that even if the overall framework can be deemed adequate and balanced, the approach is so complex that it risks defeating its own purpose of promoting responsible innovation within the European Union and beyond its borders.
- Artificial intelligence in patient blood management: a systematic review of predictive, diagnostic, and decision support applicationsPublication . Coelho, Henrique; Silva, Fernando; Correia, Marta; Rodrigues, Pedro MiguelBackground: Patient blood management (PBM) is a patient-centered, evidence-based approach for optimizing anemia management, minimizing blood loss, and ensuring appropriate transfusion. Artificial intelligence (AI) provides powerful tools for prediction, diagnosis, and decision support across PBM, but current evidence remains emerging and not yet consolidated. Objectives: This review synthesizes AI applications in PBM, summarizing predictive, diagnostic, and decision support models; highlighting methodological trends; and discussing challenges for clinical translation. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to 31 March 2025. Eligible studies reported AI models addressing the three established PBM pillars. Studies on transfusion safety and blood bank operations relevant to PBM were also included. Extracted data covered study characteristics, predictors, models, validation strategies, and performance. The findings were narratively synthesized given study heterogeneity. Results: A total of 338 studies were included, spanning anemia detection, bleeding risk stratification, transfusion prediction, transfusion safety, and inventory management. Deep learning (DL) predominated in image-based anemia detection, while ensemble and gradient boosting methods frequently outperformed baselines in bleeding and transfusion risk prediction. Recurrent and hybrid architectures proved effective for blood supply forecasting. Across domains, machine learning and DL models generally surpassed logistic regression, clinical scores, and expert judgment. Despite strong internal performance, external validation and clinical deployment remain limited. Conclusions: AI is advancing PBM by enabling earlier anemia detection, more accurate bleeding and transfusion prediction, and smarter resource allocation. Translation into practice requires standardized reporting, robust external validation, explainability, and workflow integration. Future work should emphasize multimodal learning, prospective evaluation, and cost-effectiveness.