Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2023-07-19"
Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- Forever vulnerable : pledge for a former child soldier statusPublication . Ferreira, Catarina Moita de Almeida; Lopes, José Alberto Azeredo FerreiraChild soldiers, as a prevalent phenomenon widely condemned by the international community, have been slowly becoming a policy priority in the humanitarian field. Regrettably, once this condition becomes part of their past, there is almost a loss of interest or even forgetfulness of their vulnerable condition. Driven by disbelief due to ICC’s disregard for the “former child soldier condition” of the defendant Dominic Ongwen, and the insufficient—and sometimes non-existent— international legal framework for former child soldiers, we propose a protective status for individuals who fall within the definition of former child soldiers. Eligibility for this status is based on the very own definition of former child soldiers, which, in turn, should highlight the heterogeneity of this group, whose vulnerability stems from the past gross violation of their human rights. Accordingly, the proposal of a protective status implies addressing different experiences that are directly linked to different protection needs. Yet, due to the number of issues that this status can raise, we selected the type of participation in hostilities as our guiding element. Nevertheless, the ultimate protection of a vulnerable group can only be obtained through a legal instrument, which is why we aim to set this status in a binding article. Thus, we ask ourselves: why are child soldiers deserving of international law’s protection, but not individuals whose past is tainted by the same violations of their human rights and whose future is conditioned by their past experiences?
- Decree-Law 54/2018: perspectives of early childhood educators on inclusion in preschool education in PortugalPublication . Bonança, Rita Simas; Bulhões, Paulo César Fróes; Leonido, Levi; Morgado, Elsa Maria GabrielIn this study, we analyze the perspectives of early childhood educators working in various teaching sectors on inclusion in preschool education, following the publication of Decree-Law no. 54/2018, as of 6 July, at a time when learning and inclusion support measures are being extended to all children and the SARS-CoV-19 (COVID-19) pandemic prevails in Portugal and worldwide. Based on a mixed methodological approach and the application of a questionnaire survey of 250 early childhood educators, we reflect on the implementation of the legal framework, involvement of the multidisciplinary learning and inclusion support team (EMAEI), teacher training, pedagogical/collaborative work, and mobilized support for preschool education children. The results obtained indicate quality and effectiveness in the pedagogical plan, and collaborative work between teachers and specialist technicians, although higher education in the field of inclusive education does not seem to provide professionals with the necessary and in-depth knowledge on the subject. They also indicate that, alongside dissatisfaction with the insufficient support provided to preschool education children, the relevant diploma is not fully applied, with doubts still remaining about its application.
- A directiva retorno e o inimigo : o tratamento do nacional de país terceiro em situação irregular na “Europa Fortaleza”Publication . Pazemeckas, Vinícius Rodrigues; Queiroz, Benedita MenezesO presente trabalho tem como escopo responder a seguinte indagação: Até que ponto a Directiva Retorno torna o nacional de país terceiro em situação irregular, ou seja, o imigrante irregular, um inimigo? Essa indagação permite uma análise aprofundada do contexto histórico da Directiva (2008/115/CE) e do Direito Penal do Inimigo, além de um recorte sobre disposições do regramento, tais como a previsão de detenção e o regresso coercitivo do imigrante irregular para o seu Estado de origem que não é membro da União Europeia. Entender as questões e motivações da aprovação desse regramento jurídico, bem como, análise da figura do inimigo é essencial, tendo em vista que a Directiva busca equalizar a questão do retorno do imigrante irregular que são recebidos em diferentes dos Estados-Membros da União Europeia. Por fim, serão analisadas as novas propostas para alterações do regramento acerca da imigração irregular, como o Novo Pacto para as Migrações e Asilo.
- The EU temporary protection directive : the directive in practice : an analysis of its implementation to protect those fleeing the war in UkrainePublication . Façanha, Camila Aby-Azar; Queiroz, Benedita MenezesThe present study analyzes the European Union Temporary Protection Directive and compares it with other instruments of the Common European Asylum System. While studying the Directive, it will be examined the differences between the instruments, specifically the circumstances in which each instrument is applied and what kind of protection is granted to the individuals in each situation. Furthermore, it will use a case study to analyze and understand the actual effectiveness of the Directive. The Temporary Protection Directive was enacted for the first time by the European Commission on the 3rd of March 2022, seeking to ensure immediate protection for Ukrainian citizens and short-term nationals residing in Ukraine who had to find refuge in the European Union in the face of Russian attacks on the country. Its implementation was widely celebrated, and many individuals benefited from the instrument. However, many questions and concerns remain about the effective application of the Directive: does it offer real solutions that fill the gaps and vulnerabilities of the international regime, or does it merely seek an immediate remedy to an urgent problem? This study will analyze the practical consequences of Temporary Protection, aiming, in particular, to understand the long-term implications and consequences for those who seek and need such protection.
- Effects of service-learning as opposed to traditional teaching-learning contexts: a pilot study with three different coursesPublication . Pinto, J. C.; Costa-Ramalho, SusanaIntroduction: Service-Learning (SL) is an innovative teaching-learning proposal with an increasingly wide application in higher education. Previous studies show its potential to generate positive personal, academic, social and citizenship outcomes among students who participate in it. But studies that help understand in depth its real impact, particularly in comparison with more traditional teaching-learning contexts, are still scarce. Method: This study explores the effects of Service-Learning on 122 university students, who were attending Psychology (n = 80), Social Work (SW; n = 19) and Applied Foreign Languages (AFL; n = 23) degree courses. These participants were organized into service-learning and traditional teaching-learning groups and assessed on expectations and impact of the service-experience, development of social and civic skills, and life goals. Results: Results show significant differences between pre- and post-tests in life goals, namely an increase in hedonistic and wellbeing goals for Psychology students, political, hedonistic, religious, personal development, and wellbeing goals for SW students, and social and wellbeing goals for AFL students. Students in Psychology and AFL increased their expectations with the service and students in the AFL developed more pro-social behaviors. Discussion: These results are encouraging for the expansion of this transformative teaching-learning practice to courses of different scientific areas, although with some specificities, with the purpose of contributing to a more responsible, critical and participatory society in the creation of the common good.
- A realidade virtual em odontopediatria, indicações e potencial terapêutico : revisão sistemáticaPublication . Padilha, Diana Xavier de Barros; Correia, Patrícia Nunes; Moura, Anna Carolina Volpi Mello deIntrodução: A realidade virtual (RV) surgiu como uma ferramenta promissora no campo da odontopediatria para aliviar a ansiedade e controlar a dor. Ao criar ambientes virtuais imersivos e interativos, a tecnologia VR pode efetivamente distrair e envolver pacientes jovens durante a consulta de medicina dentária, reduzindo assim substancialmente os seus níveis de ansiedade, tornando a consulta numa experiência positiva. Materiais e métodos: A presente revisão sistemática seguiu as guidelines PRISMA com a seguinte questão de investigação no formato PICO: Na população pediátrica (P), a realidade virtual (I) auxilia no controlo da ansiedade e dor (O) numa consulta de medicina dentária comparando com outras técnicas de controlo comportamental (C)? Foram utilizadas as bases de dados PubMed/Medline®, SCOPUS e Web of Science. Resultados: Da combinação dos termos de pesquisa obtiveram-se um total de 525 artigos. Após retirar os 79 artigos duplicados, obteve-se um total de 446. Após a leitura do título e resumo, 392 registos foram classificados como irrelevantes e excluídos. No final foram considerados aptos para essa revisão sistemática, 22 artigos Conclusão: A RV é um método eficaz na redução da ansiedade e dor em crianças durante o tratamento dentário e demonstrou-se ser mais efetiva do que os métodos tradicionais. Ao proporcionar uma experiência envolvente e imersiva, a RV desvia a atenção dos pacientes do ambiente clínico, resultando numa experiência mais positiva e agradável. No entanto, é importante reconhecer as limitações dos estudos apresentados, sendo necessário investigar todo o potencial da RV em odontopediatria.
- A responsabilidade patrimonial dos cônjuges e a penhora de bens comuns do casalPublication . Lopes, Joana Raquel Gonçalves; Antunes, Ana Filipa dos Santos MoraisNos últimos cinquenta anos, instalou-se uma nova cultura de casamento e de família, descendente da hipervalorização de ideais de igualdade, independência e autonomia entre os cônjuges (cfr. art. 67.º, n. º1 da Constituição da República Portuguesa). O casal e a família desligaram-se do quadro de valores tradicionais ditados pelo Direito e passaram a guiar-se pelas suas próprias pretensões, em direção à criação de sistemas internamente referenciais e, bem assim, ao abandono progressivo dos deveres conjugais ditados pelo Direito. Nesse sentido, revela-se imperiosa uma revisão da legislação substantiva e processual ao nível do regime de responsabilidade por dívidas conjugais (arts. 1690.º a 1697.º e art. 735.º e ss. do CPC), nomeadamente, por nos parecerem os casos mais flagrantes, no que concerne à penhora de salários e da casa de morada de família, em execução movida contra apenas um dos cônjuges por dívidas da sua responsabilidade exclusiva. Posto que, nos moldes em que se apresenta, não só se afigura desajustada à realidade familiar contemporânea, como pode não tutelar adequadamente a posição do cônjuge do executado. Paralelamente, cremos que o regime de separação de bens é o que melhor se adapta à autonomia e independência patrimoniais patentes nas relações conjugais no contexto atual.
- Adjustment strategies adopted by higher education students during COVID-19 pandemic: focus group discussionsPublication . Laranjeira, C.; Dixe, M.; Charepe, Z.; Querido, A.Introduction: With the closure of higher education institutions during the COVID-19 sanitary crisis, students have experienced problems such as interruptions to their education, loss of peer support networks, and mental health issues. Objectives: This study aimed to explore adjustment patterns used by students to overcome the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods:A qualitative descriptive study was developed by carrying out Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Portuguese students enrolled in education levels above high school, including undergraduate and graduate programs, were considered eligible. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling. Each FGD took approximately 60–90 min. Results: Twelve students were participated in 2 FGDs, each one with 6 participants. Mostly were undergraduate students (Bachelor’s degree), in the field of health area. The thematic analysis revealed three main themes. The first theme was related to the personal sphere and included most of adjustment strategies used, namely: pandemic as a “window of opportunity” to be involved in new academic and professional projects; work-life balance by organizing and separating work from private life; selfcare through the adoption of healthy lifestyles; being compassionate with others and compliance with sanitary measures. In the social sphere, students evoked new ways of communicating via digital networking to compensate for the lack of physical proximity and stay in safe contact with friends and relatives. In the contextual sphere, students talked about the importance of adapting the “teaching/learning” environment. Tailored teaching support was a significant strategy, especially in maintaining their motivation. Conclusions: Several strategies were pointed by students to stay mentally healthy and mitigate delayed-onset post-traumatic stress disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, positive coping and hope should be integrated into the standard training of students across all study areas.
- Reflecting changes in performing arts over time : Bharatanatyam as a case studyPublication . Shekhawat, Megha Yashwant; Hanenberg, Peter HeinrichThe core objective of this dissertation is to study how an art form reconstructs itself through potential challenges. The main case study for this dissertation is Bharatanatyam, an ancient dance form performed originated in the state of Tamil Nadu in South India in the 4th century (Banerjee 2013; Sangeetha and Ragothaman, 2014). Bharatanatyam has been very adaptive towards change. This adaptive nature has helped this art form to stay alive and still be relevant even after so many centuries. I propose that performing arts work as a tool which restructures itself with time. The enhancement of digital culture has worked as one of the catalysts for the reconstruction of Bharatanatyam. Artists are consistently transforming their ways of presenting their art forms to the spectators (Fischer, 2016). Such transformations have pushed them to think about their art form in a different light. These changes in platforms also affect the dance form as it brings changes to the dance form like introduction of novel hand gestures, literature, music, choreography and themes. This is not an exhaustive list of changes. The research methodology used here is a qualitative analysis. I have used recently produced dance videos by independent artists and a few social media campaigns as my case studies. I have selected eight examples from my main case study Bharatanatyam. I have analyzed the above case studies using a comparative approach. Here, I demonstrate how Bharatanatyam has brought a change in the cultural process of representation, structure and themes. First, I will introduce certain aspects of performing arts and try to show how it transforms with the help of different factors like movements, themes, rhythm, costume, perspectives, and schemes. This negotiation of different atmosphere has created a new dimension for performing artists to make new relation with the society and hence connect to a wider audience. This new relation is as much spatial (global) as it is temporal (across ages). These two dimensions make the phenomenon of change, complex. Subsequently, I will show how a performing space (Rogers 2012) has played a major role in bringing about the changes, which have occurred in the dance form and if we can re-enforce a strong relationship between body and performing space.