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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Nos últimos cinquenta anos, instalou-se uma nova cultura de casamento e de
família, descendente da hipervalorização de ideais de igualdade, independência e
autonomia entre os cônjuges (cfr. art. 67.º, n. º1 da Constituição da República
Portuguesa). O casal e a família desligaram-se do quadro de valores tradicionais ditados
pelo Direito e passaram a guiar-se pelas suas próprias pretensões, em direção à criação de
sistemas internamente referenciais e, bem assim, ao abandono progressivo dos deveres
conjugais ditados pelo Direito.
Nesse sentido, revela-se imperiosa uma revisão da legislação substantiva e
processual ao nível do regime de responsabilidade por dívidas conjugais (arts. 1690.º a
1697.º e art. 735.º e ss. do CPC), nomeadamente, por nos parecerem os casos mais
flagrantes, no que concerne à penhora de salários e da casa de morada de família, em
execução movida contra apenas um dos cônjuges por dívidas da sua responsabilidade
exclusiva. Posto que, nos moldes em que se apresenta, não só se afigura desajustada à
realidade familiar contemporânea, como pode não tutelar adequadamente a posição do
cônjuge do executado.
Paralelamente, cremos que o regime de separação de bens é o que melhor se adapta
à autonomia e independência patrimoniais patentes nas relações conjugais no contexto
atual.
In the last fifty years, a new culture of marriage and family has taken root, resulting from the overvaluation of the ideals of equality, independence and autonomy between spouses (art. 67.º, n.º 1 of the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic). The couple and the family have become detached from the framework of traditional values dictated by Law and have started to be guided by their own pretensions, towards the creation of internally referential systems and, also, towards the progressive abandonment of the conjugal duties dictated by Law. In this sense, a revision of the substantive and procedural legislation regarding the regime of liability for conjugal debts (articles 1690.º to 1697.º and art. 740.º and following of the CPC) is imperative, namely, as it seems to us the most flagrant cases, regarding the attachment of wages and of the family home, in enforcement proceedings brought against only one of the spouses for debts of which he/she is exclusively responsible. As it stands, it not only seems inappropriate to the contemporary family reality, but it may not adequately protect the position of the spouse of the debtor. At the same time, we believe that the separate property regime is the one that best adapts to the patrimonial autonomy and independence evident in marital relations in the current context.
In the last fifty years, a new culture of marriage and family has taken root, resulting from the overvaluation of the ideals of equality, independence and autonomy between spouses (art. 67.º, n.º 1 of the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic). The couple and the family have become detached from the framework of traditional values dictated by Law and have started to be guided by their own pretensions, towards the creation of internally referential systems and, also, towards the progressive abandonment of the conjugal duties dictated by Law. In this sense, a revision of the substantive and procedural legislation regarding the regime of liability for conjugal debts (articles 1690.º to 1697.º and art. 740.º and following of the CPC) is imperative, namely, as it seems to us the most flagrant cases, regarding the attachment of wages and of the family home, in enforcement proceedings brought against only one of the spouses for debts of which he/she is exclusively responsible. As it stands, it not only seems inappropriate to the contemporary family reality, but it may not adequately protect the position of the spouse of the debtor. At the same time, we believe that the separate property regime is the one that best adapts to the patrimonial autonomy and independence evident in marital relations in the current context.
Description
Keywords
Dívidas dos cônjuges Responsabilidade por dívidas Penhora de bens comuns Cônjuge do executado Dívidas comunicáveis Penhora por dívidas da responsabilidade exclusiva de um dos cônjuges Spousal debts Liability for debts Attachment of joint property Protection of the spouse of the debtor Communicable debts Attachment for debts for which one spouse is exclusively responsible