Browsing by Author "Costa, Leonardo"
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- A agricultura europeia e o acordo entre Mercado Comum do Sul e União Europeia: os desafiosPublication . Costa, Leonardo; Osório, Paulo
- An attempt to explain differences in economic growth: a stochastic frontier approachPublication . Aguiar, Diana; Costa, Leonardo; Silva, ElviraTotal factor productivity (TFP), factor accumulation, and growth are analysed for a panel of 40 countries in 2001–11. TFP growth and technical inefficiency are estimated using a stochastic frontier model. Environmental variables are found to have an important role in explaining differences in inefficiency across countries. Over 2001–11, the general improvement in technical efficiency of countries is almost outweighed by technological regress. Results indicate that differences in factor accumulation between OECD and emerging economies are more important than differences in TFP change to explain differences in economic growth. Results also indicate negative and significant random shocks for the OECD countries.
- An attempt to measure the differences in productivity of nations: a stochastic frontier approachPublication . Aguiar, Diana; Costa, Leonardo; Silva, ElviraIt is broadly accepted that differences in efficiency and productivity growth are important contributions to the enormous differences in the wealth of nations. Technical inefficiency is estimated for a panel of 40 countries, 34 of which are OECD-members and the remaining 6 are emergent economies, for the period of 2001-2011, using a stochastic frontier model. Environmental variables are found to have an important role in explaining differences in technical inefficiency across countries. In particular, a high contribution of the agricultural sector and natural resources rents to the economy, trade barriers, a bad business environment, a high number of patents, a high level of government debt and the financial crisis contribute negatively to technical efficiency. On the other hand, a good health status and good institutions help countries to be located closer to the frontier. Total factor productivity (TFP) growth is computed and decomposed using a primal frontier approach. The relative importance of the TFP change and total factor accumulation to economic growth is also analyzed. The results show that differences in factor accumulation between OECD and emergent economies are important to explain differences in the growth rates of GDP per worker. Over 2001-2011, the general improvement in technical efficiency of countries is outweighed by technological regress.
- Animals’ health control efficiency in Northwest Portugal: A two-stage DEA approach.Publication . Costa, Leonardo; Lansink, Alfons Oude; Silva, ElviraA two-stage approach is employed to analyze the efficiency of cooperatives responsible for ruminants’ disease control (OPP) at the farm level in Northwest Portugal. In the first stage, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to estimate and decompose input-based overall inefficiency for each OPP. The input-based inefficiency measures are generated using the directional input distance function. In the second stage, the inefficiency estimates are regressed on environmental and organizational factors in order to explain efficiency differentials. Despite substantial environmental differences, the empirical results indicate that most cooperatives can reduce costs by improving scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency
- O aparelho de Estado e as grandes opções do Plano Nacional da ÁguaPublication . Costa, Leonardo
- Apresentação dos artigos deste livro: as contribuições de especialistas e pesquisadoresPublication . Pecequilo, Cristina Soreanu; Costa, Leonardo
- BCE e a construção europeiaPublication . Costa, Leonardo
- Between tree lovers and tree haters. Drivers of public perception regarding street trees and its implications on the urban green infrastructure planningPublication . Fernandes, Cláudia Oliveira; Silva, Isabel Martinho da; Teixeira, Catarina Patoilo; Costa, LeonardoStreet trees can play an important role in the urban green infrastructure (UGI). However, changes in the urban fabric often have perverse effects on the structure, diversity, and performance of street trees, and, consequently, on their perception by the public. This research explores public perception of the current street tree adequacy in a coastal neighborhood of Porto that went through a major densification in its urban fabric during the second half of the 20th century. The research methodology included: i) a survey to evaluate public perception of tree services and disservices, and public perception of the adequacy of street trees in the study area; and ii) two Logit models relating public perception of tree services with the characteristics of respondents and streets. 96% of the respondents self-reported as tree lovers. However, more than 30% found the street trees of the study area inadequate to the present urban fabric and 5% have already made a complaint to the municipality. Characteristics of respondents and streets affect respondent’s perceptions. Education plays a key role in the acknowledgment of tree services. Older respondents are more likely to perceive trees as dangerous. Respondents who live on streets dominated by Black Poplar are more likely to dislike trees. Results implications on UGI planning and design advise an adjustment of tree dimensions to street dimensions, an increase in street tree diversity, and an improved street planting design. Results also suggest that an investment in education and information could lead to conflict mitigation.
- Between tree lovers and tree haters: drivers of public perception regarding street trees and its implications on green infrastructure planningPublication . Costa, Leonardo; Fernandes, Cláudia Oliveira; Silva, Isabel Martinho da; Teixeira, Catarina; Lufinha, Isabel
- Beyond the EU budget zero-sum gamePublication . Costa, Leonardo