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Authors
Abstract(s)
Na nossa sociedade as relações interpessoais são imprescindíveis, dependendo da
capacidade comunicativa para se tornarem funcionais e adequadas nos diferentes
contextos do dia-a-dia. Devido a lesões cerebrais, como no caso do traumatismo crânioencefálico
(TCE), esta capacidade poderá ficar gravemente comprometida tornando-se
uma barreira para a reintegração social. Sabe-se que, dependendo do tipo, da gravidade,
da localização e da extensão da lesão cerebral, o TCE pode ter repercussões devastadoras
nas capacidades cognitivas, nomeadamente na memória, atenção e funções executivas, e
consequentemente na capacidade de comunicar de forma adequada. Embora as taxas de
incidência e de mortalidade tenham diminuído ao longo dos últimos 20 anos, o TCE
continua a ser um grave problema de saúde pública com consequências a longo prazo
para os sobreviventes e para os seus familiares. A presente investigação engloba quatro
estudos: (1) um estudo sobre a epidemiologia dos TCE no nosso país; (2) uma revisão da
literatura sobre provas que avaliem a comunicação; (3) a adaptação para a população
portuguesa de uma bateria italiana que avalia a comunicação verbal e não verbal em
pessoas que sofreram TCE e (4) o estudo principal que descreve os resultados de um
programa de reabilitação específico ao nível da comunicação em dois grupos intervenção,
sendo um grupo o experimental (GE), submetido a um treino específico de comunicação
e o outro grupo o de controlo (GC) que seguiu um programa de estimulação de
conversação em grupo. Cada grupo teve 24 sessões, duas vezes por semana, com a
duração de uma hora e trinta minutos cada, durante 12 semanas. Os resultados obtidos
indicam melhorias em alguns aspetos da comunicação nos dois grupos, embora mais
evidente no GE tanto após o programa como a médio prazo. Assim, é fundamental que
seja efetuada uma intervenção atempada ao nível da capacidade comunicativa, de forma
a minimizar o impacto das suas alterações no dia-a-dia.
In our society, interpersonal relationships are essential, depending on the communicative capacity to become functional and appropriate in the different contexts of everyday life. Due to brain injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), this capacity may be severely compromised, becoming a barrier to social reintegration. Depending on the type, severity, location and extent of brain injury, TBI can have devastating repercussions on cognitive abilities, including memory, attention and executive functions, and consequently on the ability to communicate appropriately. Although incidence and mortality rates have declined over the past 20 years, TBI remains a serious public health problem with long-term consequences for survivors and their families. This research encompasses four studies: (1) a study on the epidemiology of TBI in our country; (2) a literature review of evidence assessing communication; (3) the adaptation to the Portuguese population of an Italian battery that assesses verbal and nonverbal communication in people who have suffered a TBI; and (4) the main study describing the results of a specific communication rehabilitation program in two intervention groups, one experimental group (EG), undergoing specific communication training and the other control group (CG) who followed a group conversation stimulation program. Each group had 24 sessions, twice a week, lasting one hour and thirty minutes each, for 12 weeks. Results indicate improvements in some aspects of communication in both groups, although more evident in the GE both after the program and in the medium term. Therefore, timely intervention on the communicative capacity is essential in order to minimize the impact of their changes on a daily basis.
In our society, interpersonal relationships are essential, depending on the communicative capacity to become functional and appropriate in the different contexts of everyday life. Due to brain injuries, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), this capacity may be severely compromised, becoming a barrier to social reintegration. Depending on the type, severity, location and extent of brain injury, TBI can have devastating repercussions on cognitive abilities, including memory, attention and executive functions, and consequently on the ability to communicate appropriately. Although incidence and mortality rates have declined over the past 20 years, TBI remains a serious public health problem with long-term consequences for survivors and their families. This research encompasses four studies: (1) a study on the epidemiology of TBI in our country; (2) a literature review of evidence assessing communication; (3) the adaptation to the Portuguese population of an Italian battery that assesses verbal and nonverbal communication in people who have suffered a TBI; and (4) the main study describing the results of a specific communication rehabilitation program in two intervention groups, one experimental group (EG), undergoing specific communication training and the other control group (CG) who followed a group conversation stimulation program. Each group had 24 sessions, twice a week, lasting one hour and thirty minutes each, for 12 weeks. Results indicate improvements in some aspects of communication in both groups, although more evident in the GE both after the program and in the medium term. Therefore, timely intervention on the communicative capacity is essential in order to minimize the impact of their changes on a daily basis.
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