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Abstract(s)
Com a presente dissertação de mestrado pretende-se fundamentalmente tratar a
temática das deliberações abusivas e dos votos abusivos.
As deliberações sociais abusivas surgem reguladas no nosso ordenamento jurídico
no artigo 58.º n.º 1 alínea b) do Código das Sociedades Comerciais.
O voto surge como um instrumento participativo individual, através do qual o
sócio pode manifestar a sua vontade na organização coletiva e atuar ativamente na gestão
dos interesses sociais.
As deliberações sociais podem ser afetadas, mormente quanto ao seu conteúdo,
pelo exercício abusivo do direito de voto dos sócios, que tendem a prosseguir os seus
interesses particulares, pelo que o legislador sancionou essa atuação com a anulabilidade
da deliberação em causa.
Assim, são anuláveis as deliberações aprovadas com o propósito de um ou vários
sócios alcançarem, através do seu direito de voto, vantagens especiais, para si ou para
terceiros, sem ter em conta o interesse social ou até contra este.
Estão em causa deliberações materialmente regulares, mas que ameaçam
interesses da sociedade ou dos sócios, constituindo uma perturbação ao normal
funcionamento da sociedade, de forma tão grave que justifica a hipótese da sua
invalidação.
As deliberações sociais abusivas poderão assumir duas modalidades distintas,
bem como é necessário que preencham certos requisitos para serem consideradas
abusivas e, consequentemente, anuláveis.
A figura da “prova de resistência” surge na parte final do artigo 58.º n. º1 alínea
b) do Código das Sociedades Comerciais, permitindo que uma deliberação seja ainda
considerada válida, caso se prove que a mesma teria sido igualmente tomada sem os
correspondentes votos abusivos. Nesse sentido, importa verificar a relevância dos votos
abusivos para estas deliberações, o que suscita uma ampla discussão na doutrina.
O princípio do abuso de direito tem um enorme significado e preponderância no
âmbito do Direito Civil. A sua aplicação ao Direito Societário, nomeadamente em sede
de deliberações abusivas, tem dividido a doutrina e jurisprudência em duas teses opostas.
This Master's dissertation is fundamentally aimed at addressing the issue of abusive deliberations and abusive votes. Abusive company deliberations are regulated in our legal system in Article 58 nr. 1 paragraph b) of the Commercial Companies Code. The vote is an individual participative instrument through which the member can express its will in the collective organization and act actively in the management of the company's interests. Corporate resolutions may be affected, mainly as to their content, by the abusive exercise of the voting rights of shareholders, who tend to pursue their private interests, for which reason the legislator has sanctioned such conduct with the annulment of the resolution in question. Consequently, resolutions approved with the intention of one or more members obtaining, through their voting rights, special advantages for themselves or third parties, without taking into account the corporate interest or even against it, maybe annulled. We are dealing with deliberations that are materially regular, but which threaten the interests of the company or the members, constituting a disturbance to the normal functioning of the company, in such a serious manner as to justify the hypothesis of their invalidation. Abusive corporate resolutions may take two different forms, and it is also necessary that they satisfy certain requirements to be considered abusive and, consequently, voidable. The figure of the "evidence of resistance" appears in the final part of article 58 nr. 1 paragraph b) of the Commercial Companies Code, allowing that a resolution is still considered valid if it is proved that it would also have been taken without the corresponding abusive votes. In this sense, it is important to verify the relevance of abusive votes for these resolutions, which raises a broad discussion within the doctrine. The principle of abuse of rights has an enormous significance and preponderance within the scope of Civil Law. Its application to Corporate Law, namely abusive resolutions, has divided doctrine and jurisprudence into two opposing theses
This Master's dissertation is fundamentally aimed at addressing the issue of abusive deliberations and abusive votes. Abusive company deliberations are regulated in our legal system in Article 58 nr. 1 paragraph b) of the Commercial Companies Code. The vote is an individual participative instrument through which the member can express its will in the collective organization and act actively in the management of the company's interests. Corporate resolutions may be affected, mainly as to their content, by the abusive exercise of the voting rights of shareholders, who tend to pursue their private interests, for which reason the legislator has sanctioned such conduct with the annulment of the resolution in question. Consequently, resolutions approved with the intention of one or more members obtaining, through their voting rights, special advantages for themselves or third parties, without taking into account the corporate interest or even against it, maybe annulled. We are dealing with deliberations that are materially regular, but which threaten the interests of the company or the members, constituting a disturbance to the normal functioning of the company, in such a serious manner as to justify the hypothesis of their invalidation. Abusive corporate resolutions may take two different forms, and it is also necessary that they satisfy certain requirements to be considered abusive and, consequently, voidable. The figure of the "evidence of resistance" appears in the final part of article 58 nr. 1 paragraph b) of the Commercial Companies Code, allowing that a resolution is still considered valid if it is proved that it would also have been taken without the corresponding abusive votes. In this sense, it is important to verify the relevance of abusive votes for these resolutions, which raises a broad discussion within the doctrine. The principle of abuse of rights has an enormous significance and preponderance within the scope of Civil Law. Its application to Corporate Law, namely abusive resolutions, has divided doctrine and jurisprudence into two opposing theses
Description
Keywords
Deliberações abusivas Anulabilidade Voto Abuso de direito Abusive deliberations Annulability Voting Abuse of rights