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O presente trabalho aborda a questão dos direitos dos sócios minoritários, mais propriamente o uso abusivo dos mesmos. Com efeito, atualmente, deparamo-nos com uma preocupação do legislador societário em conceder proteção normativa aos sócios detentores de uma menor parcela de capital social, por forma a evitar que os mesmos fiquem prejudicados perante comportamentos menos corretos dos sócios detentores de maior capital social e, por consequência, capazes de influenciar o destino da sociedade. No entanto, focando-se na proteção dos sócios minoritários, o legislador parece ter-se esquecido de que os maioritários também podem necessitar que os seus direitos sejam acautelados, sobretudo quando a minoria incorre num uso abusivo dos direitos que lhe foram conferidos. É, assim, objeto deste trabalho a reflexão sobre as soluções legislativas a aplicar nestes casos, uma vez que o Códigos das Sociedades Comerciais (adiante designado por CSC) não é específico quanto a esta questão. Quando os sócios minoritários exercem o seu direito de voto de forma abusiva, impedindo a aprovação da deliberação, defendemos a aplicação do artigo 58.º n º1 b) do CSC (regime definido para o abuso de maioria), tendo em conta a teoria da deliberação negativa, ou seja, existe uma deliberação que consiste na rejeição da proposta apresentada em sede da Assembleia Geral (adiante designada por AG). A aplicação do artigo 334.º do Código Civil (adiante designado por CC), defendida por alguma doutrina, não se nos afigura aceitável, dadas as situações de injustiça que ocorreriam a nível dos diferentes prazos para a propositura de ação de impugnação e requisitos exigidos, consoante estejamos perante um abuso de maioria ou de minoria. Na nossa abordagem, consideramos que o abuso de minoria positivo abrange o uso de direitos e faculdades atribuídas aos sócios minoritários de forma abusiva, mas fora do decorrer de uma AG. Nesta sede, se o titular de determinado direito ultrapassar os limites impostos pela boa-fé, pelos bons costumes ou pelo fim social e económico do direito, caberá aplicar- se o artigo 334.º do CC.
His paper addresses the issue of rights of the minority members, specifically the abuse of them. Currently we have a concern of the legislature to grant regulatory protection to corporate partners who have a lower share of equity capital, in order to avoid that they stay damaged by less correct behaviors of members before holders of greater social capital and, therefore, being able to influence the destiny of society. However, focusing on the protection of minority shareholders, the legislator seems to have forgotten that the majority may also require that their rights must be respected, especially when the minority incurs a misuse of rights conferred to it. The subject of this work is the consideration of legislative solutions to be applied in these cases, once the Commercial Code of companies are not specific based on this issue. When the minority partners exercise their right to vote in an abusive way, preventing a deliberation of approval, we advocate the usage of the 58th article, paragraph 1 (b)) (Defined for majority abuse), considering the negative deliberation’s theory, i.e. The resolution is the rejection of the proposal presented in the headquarters of A.G. The use of the 334th article CC, defended by some doctrine, does not seem acceptable to us, given the circumstances of unrighteousness that would occur at a level of different deadlines for the filing challenge and action requirements, depending on whether there is a majority or minority abuse. In our approach, we consider that positive minority abuse covers the usage of rights and faculties assigned to minority partners improperly, but off an A.G.. Here, if the holder of certain rights exceeds the limits imposed by good faith, by the morality or the end of the social and economic rights, it should be applied 334th article CC.
His paper addresses the issue of rights of the minority members, specifically the abuse of them. Currently we have a concern of the legislature to grant regulatory protection to corporate partners who have a lower share of equity capital, in order to avoid that they stay damaged by less correct behaviors of members before holders of greater social capital and, therefore, being able to influence the destiny of society. However, focusing on the protection of minority shareholders, the legislator seems to have forgotten that the majority may also require that their rights must be respected, especially when the minority incurs a misuse of rights conferred to it. The subject of this work is the consideration of legislative solutions to be applied in these cases, once the Commercial Code of companies are not specific based on this issue. When the minority partners exercise their right to vote in an abusive way, preventing a deliberation of approval, we advocate the usage of the 58th article, paragraph 1 (b)) (Defined for majority abuse), considering the negative deliberation’s theory, i.e. The resolution is the rejection of the proposal presented in the headquarters of A.G. The use of the 334th article CC, defended by some doctrine, does not seem acceptable to us, given the circumstances of unrighteousness that would occur at a level of different deadlines for the filing challenge and action requirements, depending on whether there is a majority or minority abuse. In our approach, we consider that positive minority abuse covers the usage of rights and faculties assigned to minority partners improperly, but off an A.G.. Here, if the holder of certain rights exceeds the limits imposed by good faith, by the morality or the end of the social and economic rights, it should be applied 334th article CC.
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Abuso de minoria Sócios minoritários Sociedades Abuso de direito Abuso de maioria Minority abuse Minority partners Companies Abuse of rights Abuse of majority