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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação de mestrado tem como objeto de estudo o retábulo de São Sebastião, pertencente à Capela de São Sebastião das Carvalheiras, executado em madeira de castanho, pintado e dourado, de estilo neoclássico. Esta obra foi executada entre 1833 e 1836, tendo submetida em 1890 a uma repolicromia que alterou em parte a seu aspeto, tal como se veio a verificar através dos resultados das análises efetuadas.
A existência de escassas informações sobre esta obra e o estado de degradação em que a mesma se encontrava motivaram o desenvolvimento deste projeto, que contemplou o seu estudo e a intervenção de conservação e restauro.
Dada a escassez de documentação relativa às obras retabulares, de uma maneira geral, e à obra em estudo, em particular, o nosso trabalho incluiu a análise da sua composição estrutural e dos seus elementos decorativos, a caracterização dos materiais e das técnicas empregues na sua execução e a comparação com estudos publicados com o objetivo de compreender em que medida a sua execução se coaduna com as práticas desenvolvidas em obras da mesma época. Para tal, recorreu-se a técnicas laboratoriais de análise, tais como a microscopia ótica com luz refletida (MO), micro-espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (micro-FTIR) e microscopia eletrónica de varrimento com espectrometria de raios X dispersiva de energias (SEM-EDS). Para a compreensão do sistema construtivo, desenvolvida no capítulo do estudo de caso, foi efetuada uma observação minuciosa de todos os diferentes elementos de suporte, bem como do modo como estes se interligam. Verificou-se que a estrutura é semelhante à de outras obras do mesmo período, assim como os materiais aplicados na execução da policromia.
Com o objetivo de conservar esta obra retabular, dado que o seu estado de degradação colocava em risco a sua integridade material, e permitir que continue a exercer condignamente a sua função estética e religiosa, foi necessária uma intervenção de conservação e restauro. Essa intervenção envolveu a desmontagem total e reforço da estrutura. Ao nível da superfície policroma fez-se a reintegração cromática das lacunas segundo o método mimético, tendo como referência o aspeto atual da obra resultante da repolicromia realizada em 1890.
Este estudo permitiu a contextualização história do retábulo de São Sebastião bem como a sua caracterização material e técnica, contribuindo para aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a arte retabular desse período na cidade de Braga. A intervenção de conservação e restauro realizada auxiliou na preservação material do retábulo, na compreensão mais detalhada do seu sistema construtivo e no restabelecimento da sua dimensão estética e função religiosa.
The present master’s dissertation aims to study the Saint Sebastian altarpiece, belonging to Saint Sebastian of Carvalheiras Chapel. It is made of chestnut wood, and painted and gilded in a neoclassical style. It belongs to the period comprised between 1833 and 1836, having been submitted to a new polychrome in 1890 that altered its features, which later was found true through the analysis made. The lack of information on this altarpiece and its degradation condition was one of the main reasons for this project, divided in two parts: material study and conservation intervention. Given the scarcity of documents related to altarpiece works, especially to this particular one, the project includes an analysis on its structural composition an on its decorative elements, the characterization of materials and techniques applied and it´s comparison to similar works. This is with the intent to better understand the extent to which the implementation of such techniques is consistent with the practices developed in works of the same period. To achieve that goal, analytical techniques were used, such as optical microscopy (MO), micro infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (micro-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with dispersive energies X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS). A minacious observation of all the different support elements, as well as how they were interconnected, was made, in order to understand the constructive system developed in the case study chapter. The structure is similar to other works of the same epoch, as well as the materials applied in the polychrome. With the intent to preserve this altarpiece, once its degradation condition risked its material integrity, a restauration and preservation intervention was put into practice, allowing it to continue to exert its religious and esthetic roles. That intervention implicated a complete disassembly and reinforcement of the structure. In terms of its polychromatic surface, a mimetic chromatic reintegration was made, having as reference the actual aspect of the work conceived during the refurbishment of 1890. This research allowed the historical contextualization of Saint Sebastian altarpiece, as well as its material and technical characterization, and contributed in this way to a deeper understanding of works of the same period in the city of Braga. The conservation and restauration interventions that were carried out helped in the altarpiece materials preservation, in obtaining a detailed understanding of its constructive system and in the reestablishment of its religious function and esthetic dimension.
The present master’s dissertation aims to study the Saint Sebastian altarpiece, belonging to Saint Sebastian of Carvalheiras Chapel. It is made of chestnut wood, and painted and gilded in a neoclassical style. It belongs to the period comprised between 1833 and 1836, having been submitted to a new polychrome in 1890 that altered its features, which later was found true through the analysis made. The lack of information on this altarpiece and its degradation condition was one of the main reasons for this project, divided in two parts: material study and conservation intervention. Given the scarcity of documents related to altarpiece works, especially to this particular one, the project includes an analysis on its structural composition an on its decorative elements, the characterization of materials and techniques applied and it´s comparison to similar works. This is with the intent to better understand the extent to which the implementation of such techniques is consistent with the practices developed in works of the same period. To achieve that goal, analytical techniques were used, such as optical microscopy (MO), micro infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (micro-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with dispersive energies X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS). A minacious observation of all the different support elements, as well as how they were interconnected, was made, in order to understand the constructive system developed in the case study chapter. The structure is similar to other works of the same epoch, as well as the materials applied in the polychrome. With the intent to preserve this altarpiece, once its degradation condition risked its material integrity, a restauration and preservation intervention was put into practice, allowing it to continue to exert its religious and esthetic roles. That intervention implicated a complete disassembly and reinforcement of the structure. In terms of its polychromatic surface, a mimetic chromatic reintegration was made, having as reference the actual aspect of the work conceived during the refurbishment of 1890. This research allowed the historical contextualization of Saint Sebastian altarpiece, as well as its material and technical characterization, and contributed in this way to a deeper understanding of works of the same period in the city of Braga. The conservation and restauration interventions that were carried out helped in the altarpiece materials preservation, in obtaining a detailed understanding of its constructive system and in the reestablishment of its religious function and esthetic dimension.
Description
Keywords
Retábulo Talha Policromia São Sebastião Estilo neoclássico Altarpiece Carving Polychrome Saint Sebastian Neoclassical style