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A presente dissertação atende aos mais recentes avanços da inteligência artificial para daí procurar fornecer um contributo atual, essencialmente dialogante com a Doutrina e a Jurisprudência a nível nacional e europeu, no tocante às implicações jusconcorrenciais e consequente responsabilidade civil dos cartéis. Cremos que essas duas realidades se revelam, agora, mais do que nunca, próximas e, em alguns casos, confundíveis, pois que os cartelistas parecem “preterir”, progressivamente, as salas físicas – onde acordavam, essencialmente, preços e outros aspetos relevantes das suas políticas comerciais com os seus concorrentes – relativamente a “salas virtuais” onde criam e/ou colocam os mais variados algoritmos ao seu serviço. Desafiante é, pois, o exercício de procurar prever, com clareza, os reais cenários que resultarão de uma massificação da utilização de algoritmos. Optar-se-á por encetar uma adaptação crítica (quando e se possível) de hipotéticos cenários à atual legislação do Direito da Concorrência, em especial a aplicável em Portugal, tanto a nível do public enforcement como do private enforcement.
This dissertation meets the most recent advances in artificial intelligence, in order to provide a current contribution, first and foremost through dialogue with literature and jurisprudence at national and European level, regarding competition matters and its consequent impacts in civil liability of cartels. We believe that these two realities are now, more than ever, close and, in some cases, confusable, since cartelists seem to progressively “discard” physical rooms – where they essentially agreed on prices and other relevant aspects of their commercial policies with its competitors – in comparison with “virtual rooms” where they create and/or put at their service a whole variety of algorithms. Therefore, being able to clearly predict the real scenarios that will result from a widespread use of algorithms turns up to be a challenging exercise. We will then choose to embark upon a critically adaptation (when and if possible) of hypothetical scenarios to the current Competition Law, especially the one applicable in Portugal, both in terms of public enforcement and private enforcement.
This dissertation meets the most recent advances in artificial intelligence, in order to provide a current contribution, first and foremost through dialogue with literature and jurisprudence at national and European level, regarding competition matters and its consequent impacts in civil liability of cartels. We believe that these two realities are now, more than ever, close and, in some cases, confusable, since cartelists seem to progressively “discard” physical rooms – where they essentially agreed on prices and other relevant aspects of their commercial policies with its competitors – in comparison with “virtual rooms” where they create and/or put at their service a whole variety of algorithms. Therefore, being able to clearly predict the real scenarios that will result from a widespread use of algorithms turns up to be a challenging exercise. We will then choose to embark upon a critically adaptation (when and if possible) of hypothetical scenarios to the current Competition Law, especially the one applicable in Portugal, both in terms of public enforcement and private enforcement.
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Keywords
Direito da concorrência Direito privado Acordos de cooperação horizontal Cartéis Public enforcement Private enforcement Diretiva 2014/104/UE Lei n.º 23/2018 Inteligência artificial Algoritmos Impactos jusconcorrenciais Responsabilidade civil Consumidores Competition law Private law Horizontal co-operation agreements Cartels Public enforcement Private enforcement Directive 2014/104/EU Law No. 23/2018 Artificial intelligence Algorithms Competition matters Civil liability Consumers