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Abstract(s)
A ratificação da Convenção de Istambul por Portugal, em 2013, promoveu diversas alterações legislativas, através das quais passou a estar previso no artigo 164º do Código Penal, até à data, que o constrangimento é o elemento principal do crime de violação. Além disso, foram diferenciadas as situações mais graves (que anteriormente eram as únicas previstas) das menos graves, em que não é exigida violência física, ameaça grave, colocação na impossibilidade de resistir ou tornar inconsciente. Foi também acrescentada a expressão “contra a vontade cognoscível da vítima” no nº 3 do artigo de forma a esclarecer o que se entende por constrangimento. No entanto, coloca-se a questão de saber se estas recentes alterações são suficientes e adequadas à realidade prática do tipo legal.
The ratification of the Istanbul Convention by Portugal, in 2013, promoted several legislative changes, through which it became established in article 164 of the Penal Code, to date, that constraint is the main element of the crime of rape. Furthermore, the most serious situations (which were previously the only ones foreseen) were differentiated from the less serious ones, in which physical violence, serious threat, being unable to resist or rendering unconscious are not required. The expression “against the knowing will of the victim” was added to number 3 of the article to clarify what is meant by constraint. However, the question arises as to whether these recent changes are sufficient and adequate to the practical reality of the legal type.
The ratification of the Istanbul Convention by Portugal, in 2013, promoted several legislative changes, through which it became established in article 164 of the Penal Code, to date, that constraint is the main element of the crime of rape. Furthermore, the most serious situations (which were previously the only ones foreseen) were differentiated from the less serious ones, in which physical violence, serious threat, being unable to resist or rendering unconscious are not required. The expression “against the knowing will of the victim” was added to number 3 of the article to clarify what is meant by constraint. However, the question arises as to whether these recent changes are sufficient and adequate to the practical reality of the legal type.
Description
Keywords
Cognoscibilidade Consentimento Constrangimento Convenção de Istambul Dissentimento Negligência Resistência Silêncio Violação Vontade da vítima Knowability Consent Constraint Istanbul convention Dissent Negligence Resistance Silence Rape Victim's will