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A problemática da consumação dos crimes de corrupção
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Inicialmente perspetivada como um fenómeno característico dos países subdesenvolvidos, a corrupção e os seus efeitos devastadores para a máquina estadual, atualmente, abalam qualquer nação, independentemente do seu regime político e do seu grau de desenvolvimento. A prevenção e o combate da corrupção são um dos principais focos em Portugal, devido aos escândalos diários que assomam as instituições estaduais. A manutenção da imparcialidade, independência e da transparência destas organizações tem marcado a sua presença no discurso partidário, com o surgimento de múltiplas propostas para um combate mais eficaz deste tipo de criminalidade, como é exemplo, a possibilidade de previsão do denominado enriquecimento ilícito e do lobbying, e, numa vertente mais extremista, a proposta de eliminação dos recursos existentes nos processos criminais. Com o presente estudo, pretendemos dar resposta à problemática da consumação dos crimes de corrupção, que originou das distintas decisões do Tribunal Constitucional nos seus acórdãos nº 90/2019 e 370/2023. Assim, propomo-nos a dar uma resposta concisa a esta divergência, tendo por base a diferença de poder existente entre o Estado, na veste de aplicador do ius puniendi, e o cidadão, na sua vertente de arguido num processo penal.
Corruption and its devastating effects on the state machine have been viewed as a phenomenon that desolates underdeveloped countries. Currently, they shake any nation, regardless of its political regime and its degree of development. The prevention and fight against corruption are one of the main focuses in Portugal, due to the daily scandals that loom over state institutions. Maintaining the impartiality, independence and transparency of these organizations are values that mark its presence in the party discourse, with the emergence of multiple proposals for a more effective fight against this type of crime, such as the possibility of affirming the figure of illicit enrichment and lobbying. Moreover, in a more extreme aspect, the proposal to eliminate existing appeals in criminal proceedings. With this study, we intend to give an answer to the discussion of the problem of consumption present in corruption offences, which originated from the different decisions of the Constitutional Court in its judgments nº 90/2010 and 370/2023. Therefore, we set out to give a concise answer to this disagreement, based on the difference in power between the state, as the enforcer of the law, and the citizen, as the defendant in a criminal case.
Corruption and its devastating effects on the state machine have been viewed as a phenomenon that desolates underdeveloped countries. Currently, they shake any nation, regardless of its political regime and its degree of development. The prevention and fight against corruption are one of the main focuses in Portugal, due to the daily scandals that loom over state institutions. Maintaining the impartiality, independence and transparency of these organizations are values that mark its presence in the party discourse, with the emergence of multiple proposals for a more effective fight against this type of crime, such as the possibility of affirming the figure of illicit enrichment and lobbying. Moreover, in a more extreme aspect, the proposal to eliminate existing appeals in criminal proceedings. With this study, we intend to give an answer to the discussion of the problem of consumption present in corruption offences, which originated from the different decisions of the Constitutional Court in its judgments nº 90/2010 and 370/2023. Therefore, we set out to give a concise answer to this disagreement, based on the difference in power between the state, as the enforcer of the law, and the citizen, as the defendant in a criminal case.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Corrupção Prescrição Consumação formal Consumação material Corruption Prescription Formal consummation Material consummation
Contexto Educativo
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC