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A precariedade no setor cultural e criativo em Portugal : as artes do espetáculo
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Authors
Abstract(s)
Neste trabalho apresentam-se os resultados de uma investigação sobre o tema “A Precariedade no Setor Cultural e Criativo em Portugal”, com foco nas artes do espetáculo. O objetivo é conhecer a situação dos profissionais deste setor em Portugal e aferir em que medida é que a sua situação se relaciona com a precarização das condições em que os artistas e demais profissionais do setor trabalham e vivem. Pretende-se ainda entender como é que a pandemia tem afetado estes profissionais. Para isso, elabora-se uma contextualização teórica, a partir da perspetiva de Boltanski e Chiapello (2018) sobre “o novo espírito do capitalismo”, e das análises de Guy Standing (2011) sobre o precariado. Esta contextualização incide nos conceitos de novo espírito do capitalismo, flexibilidade e precariado, nos problemas da apologia da flexibilidade do precariado, e na sua insegurança generalizada. Em seguida, analisa-se o caso português, visando o panorama económico e laboral atual, a formação do precariado em Portugal, o Estatuto do Artista e a precariedade nas artes do espetáculo em Portugal. Segue-se uma identificação das organizações de e para profissionais das artes do espetáculo, e vê-se a mudança de paradigma que a pandemia trouxe a este setor. Recorre-se também à triangulação entre o inquérito por questionário e a entrevista semi-diretiva. Os dados recolhidos permitiram concluir que o enquadramento legal e tributário português ainda não confere as condições necessárias ao exercício da profissão no setor cultural e criativo, mais especificamente, aos profissionais das artes do espetáculo. Aferimos, também, que a pandemia de Covid-19 tem tido um impacto negativo significativo no setor cultural e criativo, com especial incidência nas artes do espetáculo, realçando problemas estruturais no meio que urgem ser resolvidos. Por fim, é possível constatar que as medidas tomadas até à data, para apoio ao setor cultural e criativo não se revelam suficientes nem, em muitos casos, adequadas aos problemas que os profissionais enfrentam e que toldam o seu quotidiano.
This work presents an investigation on “The Precarity in the Cultural and Creative Sector in Portugal” with a focus on the performative arts. The goal is to understand the situation of these professionals in Portugal and to assess to what extent their situation is related to the precarization of the conditions in which artists and the remaining professionals of this sector work and live. Another aim is to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting cultural professionals. A theoretical contextualization is drawn, focusing on the “new spirit of capitalism” (Boltanski and Chiappelo, 2018), and on the Precariat (Standing, 2011). This contextualization is mainly focused on the concepts of the new spirit of capitalism, flexibility and precariat, and on the problems of the apology for flexibility of the precariat and its generalized insecurity. Then the Portuguese case is presented, including the current economic and working conditions, the formation of the Precariat in Portugal, the Status of the Artist and precarity in the performative arts in Portugal. It proceeds with an identification of the main Portuguese organizations of and to performative arts’ professionals and concludes with an analysis of the changes in the arts sector driven by the pandemic caused by COVID-19. Also, a methodological triangulation between a survey by questionnaire and semi-directive interviews is undertaken. The data collected leads to the conclusion that the Portuguese legal and fiscal framework, so far, does not provide the necessary conditions to the cultural and creative sector’s careers, most specifically in the performative arts. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic is having a significant negative impact on the cultural and creative sector, especially on the performative arts, highlighting structural problems that urge to be solved. Finally, it is possible to note that the measures taken this far are insufficient and, in many cases, considered inadequate to the problems these professionals are facing.
This work presents an investigation on “The Precarity in the Cultural and Creative Sector in Portugal” with a focus on the performative arts. The goal is to understand the situation of these professionals in Portugal and to assess to what extent their situation is related to the precarization of the conditions in which artists and the remaining professionals of this sector work and live. Another aim is to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting cultural professionals. A theoretical contextualization is drawn, focusing on the “new spirit of capitalism” (Boltanski and Chiappelo, 2018), and on the Precariat (Standing, 2011). This contextualization is mainly focused on the concepts of the new spirit of capitalism, flexibility and precariat, and on the problems of the apology for flexibility of the precariat and its generalized insecurity. Then the Portuguese case is presented, including the current economic and working conditions, the formation of the Precariat in Portugal, the Status of the Artist and precarity in the performative arts in Portugal. It proceeds with an identification of the main Portuguese organizations of and to performative arts’ professionals and concludes with an analysis of the changes in the arts sector driven by the pandemic caused by COVID-19. Also, a methodological triangulation between a survey by questionnaire and semi-directive interviews is undertaken. The data collected leads to the conclusion that the Portuguese legal and fiscal framework, so far, does not provide the necessary conditions to the cultural and creative sector’s careers, most specifically in the performative arts. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic is having a significant negative impact on the cultural and creative sector, especially on the performative arts, highlighting structural problems that urge to be solved. Finally, it is possible to note that the measures taken this far are insufficient and, in many cases, considered inadequate to the problems these professionals are facing.
Description
Keywords
Artistas Espetáculo Flexibilidade Pandemia Precariedade Artists Flexibility Pandemic Performance Precariat