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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: A memória episódica é um sistema cognitivo que contextualiza a
informação no tempo e no espaço. É responsável pelos processos de codificação,
armazenamento e recuperação dessa mesma informação, permitindo-nos retê-la e
recordá-la. A capacidade de recuperar informação pode ser influenciada por vários
fatores como a idade e as emoções. A recuperação da informação pode ser feita por
evocação ou por reconhecimento sendo o efeito da idade mais notório na evocação.
Através da apresentação de diferentes imagens associadas a sons musicais com carácter
emocional, em situações de congruência e incongruência, pretende-se perceber o
impacto das emoções na capacidade de memorização de imagens, em dois grupos de
idades.
Metodologia: Neste projeto participaram no total 30 sujeitos, divididos em dois
grupos de idades: grupo 1 – 18 aos 30 anos e grupo 2 – dos 50 aos 65 anos. A cada
indivíduo foram apresentadas na 1ª tarefa, em formato powerpoint, várias imagens
(IAPS) associadas a excertos musicais (ambos os tipos de estímulos com carácter
emocional de alegria e medo), nas diferentes condições (congruência, incongruência e
unissensorial). Na 2ª tarefa – reconhecimento – foram adicionadas 60 novas imagens
distratoras às 60 da tarefa anterior.
Resultados: Na tarefa de reconhecimento, podemos afirmar que não existem
diferenças entre os dois grupos de idade, tendo, ambos, igual desempenho. Analisando o
efeito de congruência, observam-se diferenças significativas, sendo a condição
incongruente superior à congruente e esta última menos influente que a condição sem
som. Por último, não existe interação entre a idade e o carácter emocional dos estímulos
no reconhecimento, sendo que ambos os grupos recordaram mais imagens com emoções
positivas que negativas.
Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos vão ao encontro da hipótese esperada para a
influência da idade. Todavia, contrariam a hipótese de congruência, sendo justificado
pelo aumento da atenção dada aos estímulos incongruentes. E a condição unissensorial é
superior a bissensorial pela ausência da música (que interfere com a atenção). Não se
verificou influência da idade e da emoção no reconhecimento, visto que o viés positivo
é menos frequente acontecer no reconhecimento
Theoretical Background: Episodic memory is a cognitive system that contextualizes information in time and space. It’s responsible for encoding, storage and recognizing the information, allowing us to remember it. Recognition – can be influenced by several factors such as age and emotion. It is known that recall tasks become more difficult to elderly subjects, comparing to recognition, where older participants have equal results to young participants. Through the presentation of images associated with music both with underlying emotional character and under different conditions, I intend to understand the impact of emotional congruence on the ability to memorize images in two age groups. Method: A total of 30 subjects participated in this study, divided in two age groups: group 1 – 18 to 30 years – and group 2 – 50 to 65 years. Each subject was presented with several images (IAPS) associated to musical excerpts (both types of stimuli with an emotional character of happiness and fear) in different congruence conditions (congruence, incongruence and unisensory). In the second task – recognition – musical sounds were excluded and 60 new images were added to the 60 of the previous task. Results: In recognition task we can say that there are no differences between the two groups, having both equal performance. Analyzing the congruent effect, significant differences are observed, with the incongruent being superior to the congruent condition and the latter has less influence that de without-sound condition. Finally, the is no interaction between age and the emotional character of stimuli in recognition, with both groups remembering more positive than negative images. Discussion: The results obtained are in line with the expected hypothesis for the influence of age. However, they contradict the congruence hypothesis, being justified by the increased attention given to incongruent stimuli. And the unisensory condition is superior to the bisensory condition due to the absence of music (which interferes with attention). There was no influence of age and emotion on recognition, since the positive bias is less frequent in recognition.
Theoretical Background: Episodic memory is a cognitive system that contextualizes information in time and space. It’s responsible for encoding, storage and recognizing the information, allowing us to remember it. Recognition – can be influenced by several factors such as age and emotion. It is known that recall tasks become more difficult to elderly subjects, comparing to recognition, where older participants have equal results to young participants. Through the presentation of images associated with music both with underlying emotional character and under different conditions, I intend to understand the impact of emotional congruence on the ability to memorize images in two age groups. Method: A total of 30 subjects participated in this study, divided in two age groups: group 1 – 18 to 30 years – and group 2 – 50 to 65 years. Each subject was presented with several images (IAPS) associated to musical excerpts (both types of stimuli with an emotional character of happiness and fear) in different congruence conditions (congruence, incongruence and unisensory). In the second task – recognition – musical sounds were excluded and 60 new images were added to the 60 of the previous task. Results: In recognition task we can say that there are no differences between the two groups, having both equal performance. Analyzing the congruent effect, significant differences are observed, with the incongruent being superior to the congruent condition and the latter has less influence that de without-sound condition. Finally, the is no interaction between age and the emotional character of stimuli in recognition, with both groups remembering more positive than negative images. Discussion: The results obtained are in line with the expected hypothesis for the influence of age. However, they contradict the congruence hypothesis, being justified by the increased attention given to incongruent stimuli. And the unisensory condition is superior to the bisensory condition due to the absence of music (which interferes with attention). There was no influence of age and emotion on recognition, since the positive bias is less frequent in recognition.
Description
Keywords
Memória episódica Alegria Medo Música Congruência do estímulo Episodic memory Hapiness Fear Music Stimuli congruenc