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Abstract(s)
O desenvolvimento do autocuidado em saúde envolve um conjunto de recursos internos e externos
comuns ao desenvolvimento humano. O exercício da disciplina parental envolve circunstâncias e
comportamentos parentais que se apresentam como importantes promotores de um conjunto de recursos
de decisão, comuns ao desenvolvimento humano e ao autocuidado em saúde. Deste modo, e uma vez
que a problemática do autocuidado em enfermagem tem vindo a enfatizar a necessidade da identificação
de fatores com influencia no seu desenvolvimento ao longo da vida, este estudo pretende contribuir para
o conhecimento do autocuidado em saúde enquanto processo de aprendizagem, sensível às dimensões
pessoal e familiar e particularmente à disciplina parental.
Objetivos – Os objetivos deste estudo visaram, por conseguinte, caracterizar as práticas de autocuidado
em saúde dos jovens adultos; caraterizar a disciplina parental; analisar de que modo as práticas de
autocuidado em saúde dos jovens adultos se relacionam com a disciplina parental; e identificar os fatores
preditores das práticas de autocuidado de saúde dos jovens adultos.
Metodologia – O estudo de caráter descritivo, transversal e correlacional, recorreu a métodos de análise
quantitativos. Foi constituída uma amostra probabilística com base nas instituições de formação e de
ensino secundário e superior da cidade de Coimbra. A população-alvo foi composta por estudantes com
idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 24 anos. A recolha de dados foi realizada pelo investigador com
recurso aos seguintes instrumentos Dimensions of Discipline Inventory (DDI, Straus & Fauchier. A.,
2007) e Denyes Self Care Practice Instrument (DSCPI-90, Denyes, 1990). No presente estudo foi feita
a validação para a população portuguesa dos referidos instrumentos.
Resultados – Dos 1168 jovens adultos que fizeram parte do estudo, 49% tiveram a mãe com mais
responsabilidade pela sua disciplina, enquanto apenas 5% referem que o pai teve mais responsabilidade
do que a mãe. A disciplina não punitiva é a que apresenta maior frequência para ambos, pai e mãe.
Quanto às práticas de autocuidado em saúde, os jovens adultos relatam gastar 47% do seu tempo no
envolvimento em práticas de autocuidado em saúde, sendo a média mais elevada observada nas ações
de autorregulação pessoal e de envolvimento social (49,2%), seguida das ações gerais de saúde (48,7%),
e a mais baixa percentagem observada nas ações associadas a uma alimentação equilibrada (42,4%).
Este estudo permitiu a identificação dos seguintes fatores preditores das práticas de autocuidado de
saúde: o rendimento económico familiar; o reconhecimento de que ambos os pais exercem a disciplina
de forma equitativa; a disciplina punitiva; o contexto em que é implementada a disciplina; a
afetividade/apoio; a impulsividade e o aviso no exercício da disciplina.
Conclusões – O recurso aos métodos disciplinares parentais está associado à frequência e à gravidade
dos maus comportamentos na infância. De modo que, a um aumento dos maus comportamentos está
associado um aumento dos métodos disciplinares punitivos; dos aspetos negativos do contexto e do
modo de exercer a disciplina, com diferenças entre os pais e as mães e com um agravamento das
respostas negativas para as mães. Os baixos valores de envolvimento em práticas de autocuidado em
saúde, na fase inicial do processo de autonomização em que se encontram os jovens adultos, apontam
para a necessidade de se atender aos processos de estruturação a que as mesmas práticas estão sujeitas.
Os fatores preditores do autocuidado em saúde dos jovens adultos, ligados à disciplina parental,
permitiram reforçar a importância da qualidade da interação pais/filho, estabelecida na infância, para o
processo de aprendizagem do autocuidado em saúde. Porém, as variáveis preditoras das práticas de
autocuidado em saúde dos jovens adultos, são diferentes em função do sexo dos jovens adultos, e em
função de ser o pai ou a mãe a exercer a disciplina.
The performance of self-care health practices involves a number of internal and external resources inherent to human development. The exercise of parental discipline involves circumstances and parental behaviors that are important promoters of multiple decision resources that are common to human development and self-care health practices. In this way, and given the need for identifying factors that contribute to the development of self-care in nursing throughout life, this study aims to improve the knowledge on self-care health practices as a learning process that is sensitive to both personal and family dimensions, particularly regarding parental discipline. Objectives - This study aims to characterize young adults’ self-care health practices and parental discipline, analyze how young adults’ self-care health practices are associated with discipline, and identify predictors of young adults’ self-care health practices. Methodology - A descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted using quantitative methods. A probability sample was selected from secondary and higher education institutions in the city of Coimbra. The target population was composed of students aged between 18 and 24 years. Data were collected by the researcher using the following instruments: Dimensions of Discipline Inventory (DDI, Straus & Fauchier, 2007) and Denyes Self-Care Practice Instrument (DSCPI-90, Denyes, 1990). These instruments were validated to the Portuguese population within the scope of this study. Results - The sample was composed of 1168 young adults. Mothers play a major disciplinary role for 49% of these participants, whereas only 5% of the participants reported that their fathers exert discipline more often than their mothers. Most mothers and fathers used non-punitive discipline. With regard to self-care health practices, young adults reported spending 47% of their time performing self-care health practices. The highest mean was observed in self-regulatory and social engagement activities (49.2%), followed by general health actions (48.7%). The lowest percentage was observed in the practices associated with a balanced diet (42.4%). This study identified the following predictors of self-care health practices: household income; the recognition that both parents are equally responsible for discipline; punitive discipline; the context in which discipline is exerted; affection/support; impulsiveness; and the use of warning methods for disciplinary purposes. Conclusions - The use of parental disciplinary methods is associated with the frequency and severity of childhood misbehaviors. Therefore, an increase in misbehaviors is associated with an increase in punitive disciplinary methods, in negative contextual factors, and in the way of exercising discipline, with differences between fathers and mothers and an increase in mothers’ negative responses. The low level of engagement in self-care health practices in the initial phase of young adults’ process of empowerment points to the need to address the structuring processes that influence these practices. The predictive factors of young adults’ self-care health practices associated with parental discipline contribute to reinforcing the importance of the quality of parent-child interaction during childhood to the learning process of self-care health practices. However, these predictors differ according to the young adult’s gender and to whether it is the father or the mother who exerts discipline.
The performance of self-care health practices involves a number of internal and external resources inherent to human development. The exercise of parental discipline involves circumstances and parental behaviors that are important promoters of multiple decision resources that are common to human development and self-care health practices. In this way, and given the need for identifying factors that contribute to the development of self-care in nursing throughout life, this study aims to improve the knowledge on self-care health practices as a learning process that is sensitive to both personal and family dimensions, particularly regarding parental discipline. Objectives - This study aims to characterize young adults’ self-care health practices and parental discipline, analyze how young adults’ self-care health practices are associated with discipline, and identify predictors of young adults’ self-care health practices. Methodology - A descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted using quantitative methods. A probability sample was selected from secondary and higher education institutions in the city of Coimbra. The target population was composed of students aged between 18 and 24 years. Data were collected by the researcher using the following instruments: Dimensions of Discipline Inventory (DDI, Straus & Fauchier, 2007) and Denyes Self-Care Practice Instrument (DSCPI-90, Denyes, 1990). These instruments were validated to the Portuguese population within the scope of this study. Results - The sample was composed of 1168 young adults. Mothers play a major disciplinary role for 49% of these participants, whereas only 5% of the participants reported that their fathers exert discipline more often than their mothers. Most mothers and fathers used non-punitive discipline. With regard to self-care health practices, young adults reported spending 47% of their time performing self-care health practices. The highest mean was observed in self-regulatory and social engagement activities (49.2%), followed by general health actions (48.7%). The lowest percentage was observed in the practices associated with a balanced diet (42.4%). This study identified the following predictors of self-care health practices: household income; the recognition that both parents are equally responsible for discipline; punitive discipline; the context in which discipline is exerted; affection/support; impulsiveness; and the use of warning methods for disciplinary purposes. Conclusions - The use of parental disciplinary methods is associated with the frequency and severity of childhood misbehaviors. Therefore, an increase in misbehaviors is associated with an increase in punitive disciplinary methods, in negative contextual factors, and in the way of exercising discipline, with differences between fathers and mothers and an increase in mothers’ negative responses. The low level of engagement in self-care health practices in the initial phase of young adults’ process of empowerment points to the need to address the structuring processes that influence these practices. The predictive factors of young adults’ self-care health practices associated with parental discipline contribute to reinforcing the importance of the quality of parent-child interaction during childhood to the learning process of self-care health practices. However, these predictors differ according to the young adult’s gender and to whether it is the father or the mother who exerts discipline.
Description
Keywords
Enfermagem Autocuidado de saúde Disciplina parental Autocuidado Métodos disciplinares Jovens adultos Nursing Self-care health Parental discipline Self-care Disciplinary methods Young adults