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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação tem como objeto principal o estudo do simulacro de S. Victorini Martyr e a sua respetiva urna. Este encontrava-se guardado num armazém de materiais da propriedade da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Almada, integrando um conjunto composto por três adultos e duas outras crianças e uma mãe e o seu filho, corpos santos também. O presente simulacro foi recolhido para estudo e intervenção de conservação e restauro – no âmbito do projeto “Holy Bodies: An Atlas for the Corpi Sancti in Portugal” (2022.01486.PTDC). Terá chegado a Portugal na segunda metade do século XVIII, com a sua origem provável nas catacumbas romanas de onde outros exemplares terão surgido, espalhando-se pela Europa como símbolos fortalecedores do Catolicismo. Trata-se de um corpo de criança, com vestes à romana decoradas com fios metálicos e pérolas decorativas. Faz-se também acompanhar de diferentes elementos decorativos, como o vas sanguinis, a coroa de flores e a folha de palma. Os objetivos da dissertação desdobram-se em duas vertentes, incluindo um estudo antropológico, material e técnico, realizado no laboratório Hércules da Universidade de Évora, para os quais se tornou necessário recorrer a diferentes metodologias de exame e análise – de imagem, espectroscópicas e cromatográficas. Visou-se a determinação de diferentes aspetos relacionados com a idade e o sexo do corpo, bem como os diferentes materiais que compõem todo o simulacro – têxteis, ligas metálicas, ossos entre outros. A intervenção de conservação e restauro, assente na intervenção mínima, pretendia preservar a autenticidade do bem e a sua história, enquanto se recuperava uma leitura mais homogénea e clara – principalmente tendo em conta que se trata do corpo de uma criança, tornando-se um exemplo particular e digno de preservação. Para a intervenção apostou-se também na aplicação de tecnologias avançadas para a limpeza deste tipo de obras, de destacar a limpeza dos têxteis por via laser. Definiram-se também estratégias genéricas de conservação preventiva para a manutenção do estado de conservação do simulacro em diferentes contextos de reserva e/ou exposição. O trabalho realizado permitiu, tendo como base outros trabalhos nacionais e europeus, a exploração e uso de diferentes técnicas para o estudo e intervenção de conservação e restauro. Foram utilizadas metodologias semelhantes a outros trabalhos, incluindo ao mesmo tempo novidades e testando outras hipóteses, aumentando o leque de possibilidades para a preservação deste tipo de património, no sentido de definir procedimentos para futuros trabalhos.
The present dissertation’s main object is the simulacrum of the S. Victorini Martyr and his respective urn. This reliquary was stored in a storehouse belonging to Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Almada in a group consisting of three adults and two other children, besides a mother and son, all holy bodies. This simulacrum was taken in for a technical study and conservation-restoration work – in the context of the project “Holy Bodies: An Atlas for the Corpi Sancti in Portugal” (2022.01486.PTDC). It probably arrived in Portugal in the second half of the XVIII century, probably originating from the Roman catacombs, where other holy bodies also came from, spreading throughout Europe as symbols that solidified and strengthened the Catholic Church. It is the body of a child, dressed in Roman costumes, decorated with metallic threads and decorative pearls, accompanied by additional ornamental decorative elements like the vas sanguinis, a flower crown and a palm leaf. The objectives of the dissertation included an anthropological, material and technical study, requiring various exams and methodologies of analysis, such as imaging, spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. There was an interest in defining the age and sex of the body, as well as in identifying and characterizing the different materials that composed the piece – textiles, metals, bones and various others. The conservation-restoration work was mostly done with the minimal intervention principle in mind, with the objective of preserving the authenticity and history of the piece while recovering a more clear and homogenous reading – mainly because it was a simulacrum using a child’s bones, making it a particular example that is worth preserving. The conservation work was also performed with innovation, introducing laser technology for the cleaning of textiles. Preventive conservation strategies were also defined for the maintenance of the piece in various storage or exhibition contexts. This work enabled the exploration and use of different techniques to study and restore the simulacrum, based on previous national and European examples. Various methodologies were applied, some adapted from other similar experiences but others entirely innovative in this context, offering a larger variety of possibilities for the treatment of similar pieces of heritage and the possibility of defining base procedures for future studies.
The present dissertation’s main object is the simulacrum of the S. Victorini Martyr and his respective urn. This reliquary was stored in a storehouse belonging to Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Almada in a group consisting of three adults and two other children, besides a mother and son, all holy bodies. This simulacrum was taken in for a technical study and conservation-restoration work – in the context of the project “Holy Bodies: An Atlas for the Corpi Sancti in Portugal” (2022.01486.PTDC). It probably arrived in Portugal in the second half of the XVIII century, probably originating from the Roman catacombs, where other holy bodies also came from, spreading throughout Europe as symbols that solidified and strengthened the Catholic Church. It is the body of a child, dressed in Roman costumes, decorated with metallic threads and decorative pearls, accompanied by additional ornamental decorative elements like the vas sanguinis, a flower crown and a palm leaf. The objectives of the dissertation included an anthropological, material and technical study, requiring various exams and methodologies of analysis, such as imaging, spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. There was an interest in defining the age and sex of the body, as well as in identifying and characterizing the different materials that composed the piece – textiles, metals, bones and various others. The conservation-restoration work was mostly done with the minimal intervention principle in mind, with the objective of preserving the authenticity and history of the piece while recovering a more clear and homogenous reading – mainly because it was a simulacrum using a child’s bones, making it a particular example that is worth preserving. The conservation work was also performed with innovation, introducing laser technology for the cleaning of textiles. Preventive conservation strategies were also defined for the maintenance of the piece in various storage or exhibition contexts. This work enabled the exploration and use of different techniques to study and restore the simulacrum, based on previous national and European examples. Various methodologies were applied, some adapted from other similar experiences but others entirely innovative in this context, offering a larger variety of possibilities for the treatment of similar pieces of heritage and the possibility of defining base procedures for future studies.
Description
Keywords
Simulacrum (simulacro) Corpi santi (corpos santos) Imagem-relicário Caracterização técnica Conservação de têxteis Limpeza a laser Simulacrum Corpi santi (holy bodies) Full body reliquary Technical characterization Textile conservation Laser cleaning