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Abstract(s)
O trabalho de investigação aqui descrito, procurou alcançar um maior entendimento sobre os poluentes no interior de museus, bibliotecas e arquivos (MBA) sem negligenciar as diretrizes já pré-estabelecidas para a saúde humana, e objetivou averiguar como as instituições portuguesas e brasileiras abordam o tema. Com base na revisão literária, que permitiu a compreensão sobre a evolução das investigações sobre poluentes no meio patrimonial ao longo dos anos, foi observada uma incidência reduzida de publicações e investigações provenientes de países como Portugal e Brasil. Os estudos de caso desenvolvidos em dois museus portugueses, no Museu Coleção Berardo (MCB), Lisboa, e no Museu Nacional Soares dos Reis (MNSR), Porto, evidenciaram a relevância da realização de medições de poluentes não só nos espaços museológicos, mas também no interior de vitrines. No MCB os resultados das análises revelaram concentrações de compostos orgânicos voláteis totais (COVT) cerca de 11 vezes superiores na galeria expositiva, quando comparado com o interior de uma vitrine contendo uma pintura moderna (madeira, óleo e metal). Sendo que para o ácido acético e ácido fórmico se detetou o inverso. Em laboratório, foi possível identificar cerca de 100 COVs diferentes provenientes de materiais utilizados nas remodelações das galerias expositivas, através da microextração em fase sólida e cromatografia gasosa acoplada a um espectrómetro de massa (SPME-GC/MS). No estudo realizado no MNSR, foi possível verificar que a qualidade do ar pode apresentar- se diferente entre os seus diversos espaços, no que diz respeito aos tipos e quantidade de poluentes. Entre os resultados obtidos, sobressaíram as amostragens realizadas em uma vitrine vazia, onde foram identificados 53 compostos diferentes, cujas concentrações totais de COVs foram de até 90 vezes superiores àquelas recomendadas para acervos em geral. No interior de um mobiliário de madeira numa reserva de materiais cerâmicos e vidros arqueológicos, foi evidente o potencial da madeira de emitir compostos voláteis ácidos e formaldeído, ao registar concentrações superiores àquelas recomendadas para acervos. Os estudos realizados nos museus portugueses foram complementados pelos resultados dos inquéritos previamente distribuídos, tendo-se verificada a ausência de protocolos e diretrizes em relação ao controlo, monitorização sistemática, valores-limite de compostos voláteis e materiais particulados em microclimas de acervo e no interior de vitrines. Baseado nessa observação e como estratégia para implementar os conhecimentos adquiridos, foi criada a rede temática luso-brasileira sobre a Qualidade do Ar Interior em Museus, Bibliotecas e Arquivos (QAI-MBA), com o objetivo principal de disseminar o conhecimento sobre o tema dos poluentes e sua influência na qualidade do ar, além de promover a interação entre investigadores, que detenham o conhecimento técnico e científico, e os profissionais de MBA, cuja responsabilidade seja a salvaguarda dos acervos.
The investigation presented herein, aimed to achieve a better understanding about the pollutants inside museums, libraries, and archives (MLA) without disregarding the already pre-established guidelines for human health, and aimed to ascertain how the Portuguese and Brazilian institutions approach the subject. Based on literary review, which provided an understanding of the evolution of research on pollutants in the heritage environment over the years, it was observed a reduced incidence of publications and research coming from countries like Portugal and Brazil. The case studies in two Portuguese museums, Museu Coleção Berardo (MCB), Lisbon, and Museu Nacional Soares dos Reis (MNSR), Porto, showed the relevance of carrying out measurements of pollutants not only in museum spaces, but also inside showcases. At MCB the results of the analysis showed concentrations of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) about 11 times higher in the exhibition gallery when compared to the inside of a display case containing a modern painting (wood, oil and metal), while the concentrations of acetic acid and formic acid were the opposite. It was also possible to identify about 100 different COVs from materials used in the renovations of the exhibition galleries, using solid phase microextraction technique followed by gas chromatography analysis coupled to a mass spectrometer (SPME-GC/MS), In the study carried out in MNSR, it was possible to verify that in the same building, the air quality can present itself differently among different places when regarding the types and quantity of pollutants. The sampling carried out in an empty showcase allowed identification of 53 different compounds, whose total concentrations of VOCs were up to 90 times higher than those recommended for collections in general. Inside a wooden cabinet in a storage of ceramic materials and archaeological glass, the potential of wood to emit volatile acidic compounds and formaldehyde was evident, with concentrations detected higher than those recommended for collections. The studies carried out in Portuguese museums were complemented by the results of previously distributed surveys, where the lack of protocols and guidelines regarding the control, systematic monitoring, limit values of volatile compounds and particulate matter, in collection microclimates and inside showcases was detected. Based on this observation and as a strategy to implement the acquired knowledge, the Luso-Brazilian Thematic Network on Indoor Air Quality in Museums, Libraries and Archives (QAI-MBA) was created, with the main goal of disseminating knowledge on the subject of pollutants and their influence on air quality, as well as promoting interaction between researchers, who hold the technical and scientific knowledge, and MLA professionals, whose responsibility is to safeguard the collections
The investigation presented herein, aimed to achieve a better understanding about the pollutants inside museums, libraries, and archives (MLA) without disregarding the already pre-established guidelines for human health, and aimed to ascertain how the Portuguese and Brazilian institutions approach the subject. Based on literary review, which provided an understanding of the evolution of research on pollutants in the heritage environment over the years, it was observed a reduced incidence of publications and research coming from countries like Portugal and Brazil. The case studies in two Portuguese museums, Museu Coleção Berardo (MCB), Lisbon, and Museu Nacional Soares dos Reis (MNSR), Porto, showed the relevance of carrying out measurements of pollutants not only in museum spaces, but also inside showcases. At MCB the results of the analysis showed concentrations of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) about 11 times higher in the exhibition gallery when compared to the inside of a display case containing a modern painting (wood, oil and metal), while the concentrations of acetic acid and formic acid were the opposite. It was also possible to identify about 100 different COVs from materials used in the renovations of the exhibition galleries, using solid phase microextraction technique followed by gas chromatography analysis coupled to a mass spectrometer (SPME-GC/MS), In the study carried out in MNSR, it was possible to verify that in the same building, the air quality can present itself differently among different places when regarding the types and quantity of pollutants. The sampling carried out in an empty showcase allowed identification of 53 different compounds, whose total concentrations of VOCs were up to 90 times higher than those recommended for collections in general. Inside a wooden cabinet in a storage of ceramic materials and archaeological glass, the potential of wood to emit volatile acidic compounds and formaldehyde was evident, with concentrations detected higher than those recommended for collections. The studies carried out in Portuguese museums were complemented by the results of previously distributed surveys, where the lack of protocols and guidelines regarding the control, systematic monitoring, limit values of volatile compounds and particulate matter, in collection microclimates and inside showcases was detected. Based on this observation and as a strategy to implement the acquired knowledge, the Luso-Brazilian Thematic Network on Indoor Air Quality in Museums, Libraries and Archives (QAI-MBA) was created, with the main goal of disseminating knowledge on the subject of pollutants and their influence on air quality, as well as promoting interaction between researchers, who hold the technical and scientific knowledge, and MLA professionals, whose responsibility is to safeguard the collections
Description
Keywords
Qualidade do ar interior Poluentes em museus Avaliação de risco Compostos orgânicos voláteis Conservação preventiva Indoor air quality Pollutants in museums Risk assessment Volatile organic compounds Preventive conservation