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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução. O avanço científico e tecnológico tem contribuído para a redefinição
do cancro como doença crónica, exigindo mudanças na abordagem de cuidados
ao doente em oncologia. Estimam-se que 5% dos doentes oncológicos
desenvolvem ferida maligna.
Metodologia. O estudo observacional analítico transversal pretende dar a
conhecer a prevalência de feridas malignas, caracterizando e avaliando sua
influência na qualidade de vida da população oncológica. Neste sentido,
dezanove doentes adultos (amostra não probabilística acidental) foram
recrutados em dez serviços (regime de internamento e ambulatório) de um
Instituto Português de Oncologia do País. A recolha de dados, por intermédio da
aplicação do formulário e questionário EORTC QLQ-C30 v.3.0 aos sujeitos de
investigação, decorreu num período de três dias, em Outubro de 2013.
Resultados. Das tipologias tumorais identificadas, por órgão/sistema,
destacaram-se: Pele; Cabeça e Pescoço; Linfoma Non-Hodgkin; Sistema
Digestivo; Ginecológico; Mama e Tecidos Moles. A prevalência de feridas
malignas foi de 4,9%, com média de 1,6 feridas/doente; sendo enquadrada
predominantemente no contexto de recidiva loco-regional e metastização.
Maioritariamente, registou-se baixa sintomatologia relativa à ferida. Influência
psicossocial negativa da ferida foi atribuída às actividades de vida, imagem
corporal e grau de autonomia/independência do doente; e positiva, no sentido de
conforto e segurança associado ao penso realizado à ferida. A qualidade de vida
(score final) da população oncológica em estudo apresentou média de 78%.
Face a este indicador, correlações estatisticamente significativas positivas foram
associadas à idade, ao Karnofsky Performance Status, à duração do tratamento
à ferida e às funções (física, de desempenho, cognitiva, social) do doente; e
negativas, à fadiga, dor, anorexia e obstipação.
Conclusão. A complexidade e unicidade do significado multidimensional do
cancro e da ferida maligna determinam o impacto na qualidade de vida do
doente/família; exigindo uma actuação interdisciplinar holística, realista e
assertiva
Background. Advances in science and technology have contributed to the redefinition of cancer as a chronic disease and as a consequence changes are required in the approach to patient care in Oncology. It is estimated that 5% of cancer patients develop malignant wounds. Methodology. This cross-sectional study aims not only to provide data on the prevalence of malignant wounds but also characterise and assess their influence on the quality of life of cancer patients. In view of that, nineteen adult patients of a Portuguese Institute of Oncology (accidental non-probability sample) were recruited from ten treatment services (inpatient and outpatient care). Data were collected using the questionnaire EORTC QLQ-C30 v. 3.0 and structured interviews took place in October 2013 during a three-day period. Results. The typology of malignant tumours was identified by the following organs/systems: Skin; Head and Neck; Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma; Digestive System; Gynaecological; Breast and Soft Tissue. The prevalence of malignant wounds among patients was 4.9%, with an average of 1.6 wounds per patient; the majority of them were seen in the context of recurrent cancer and metastatic spread. In most cases, there was a low symptom response to the wounds. The psychosocial negative effect of the wound was predominantly associated with patient’s life activities, body image and individual patient’s capacity for autonomy and independence; while the positive effect was more related to the wound bandaging process itself, thus promoting comfort and a sense of safety. The life quality of the population under study (final score) was 78% on average. Statistically significant and positive correlations were establish with age, Karnofsky Performance Status, duration of local wound care and patient functioning (physical, role, cognitive, social); and negatives with fatigue, pain, appetite loss and constipation. Conclusion. The complexity and uniqueness of the multidimensional meaning of cancer and malignant wound, determine the impact on the quality of life for patients/families; thus requiring a holistic, realistic and assertive interdisciplinary action.
Background. Advances in science and technology have contributed to the redefinition of cancer as a chronic disease and as a consequence changes are required in the approach to patient care in Oncology. It is estimated that 5% of cancer patients develop malignant wounds. Methodology. This cross-sectional study aims not only to provide data on the prevalence of malignant wounds but also characterise and assess their influence on the quality of life of cancer patients. In view of that, nineteen adult patients of a Portuguese Institute of Oncology (accidental non-probability sample) were recruited from ten treatment services (inpatient and outpatient care). Data were collected using the questionnaire EORTC QLQ-C30 v. 3.0 and structured interviews took place in October 2013 during a three-day period. Results. The typology of malignant tumours was identified by the following organs/systems: Skin; Head and Neck; Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma; Digestive System; Gynaecological; Breast and Soft Tissue. The prevalence of malignant wounds among patients was 4.9%, with an average of 1.6 wounds per patient; the majority of them were seen in the context of recurrent cancer and metastatic spread. In most cases, there was a low symptom response to the wounds. The psychosocial negative effect of the wound was predominantly associated with patient’s life activities, body image and individual patient’s capacity for autonomy and independence; while the positive effect was more related to the wound bandaging process itself, thus promoting comfort and a sense of safety. The life quality of the population under study (final score) was 78% on average. Statistically significant and positive correlations were establish with age, Karnofsky Performance Status, duration of local wound care and patient functioning (physical, role, cognitive, social); and negatives with fatigue, pain, appetite loss and constipation. Conclusion. The complexity and uniqueness of the multidimensional meaning of cancer and malignant wound, determine the impact on the quality of life for patients/families; thus requiring a holistic, realistic and assertive interdisciplinary action.
Description
Keywords
Doente oncológico Ferida maligna Sintomas Psicossocial Qualidade de vida Cancer patients Malignant fungating wound Symptoms Psychosocial Quality of life