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A presente Tese de Mestrado tem por objetivo a avaliação do rumo da Política Comum
de Segurança e Defesa (PCSD) e, nomeadamente, de indagar se a PCSD caminha no
sentido de maior cooperação e partilha ou se está a promover a constituição de forças
armadas comuns, vulgo, do “Exército Europeu”. Para isso, partimos da análise da evolução
da Política Externa e de Segurança Comum, desde o seu lançamento à criação e conteúdo
da PCSD e dos entendimentos que têm orientado a sua evolução; passamos à avaliação
da Estratégia Global da UE e fundamentalmente das medidas adotadas para a sua
implementação, quer pelo Conselho, quer pela Comissão Europeia; após o que, estudamos
os Cenários de evolução futura da PCSD tal como contidos no Documento de Reflexão
sobre o “Futuro da Defesa Europeia”.
E, finalmente, cruzamos o que na prática está a ser implementado, quer com os Cenários
do Documento de Reflexão quer com o conteúdo programático da Comunidade Europeia
de Defesa, esta sim visando a constituição de um Exército Europeu, forma porventura
mais substanciada para concluir sobre o sentido de evolução da Defesa Europeia para
procurar responder à pergunta de partida: “Perante o contexto de pressão, desafios e
ameaças externas e face ao sentimento de insegurança existente em vários setores da
Europa, será que a evolução do sistema de segurança europeu caminhará no sentido
de maior integração, levando eventualmente à constituição de um “Exército Europeu”
The purpose of this Master's thesis is to assess the direction of the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) and, in particular, to ask whether the CSDP is moving towards greater cooperation and sharing or if the establishment of common armed forces is being promoted, commonly known as the “European Army”. For this we start with the analysis of the evolution of the Common Foreign and Security Policy since its launch to the creation and content of the CSDP and the understandings that have guided its evolution; we come to the assessment of the EU's Global Strategy and fundamentally the measures taken to implement it, both by the Council and the European Commission; after which we have studied the Future Evolution Scenarios of the CSDP as contained in the Reflection Paper on the “Future of European Defense”. And, finally, we cross over what is being implemented in practice, both with the Scenarios of the Reflection Document and with the programmatic content of the European Defense Community, this one aiming at the constitution of a European Army, perhaps more substantiated to conclude on the European Defense Department's attempt to respond to the initial question: “Given the context of external pressure, challenges and threats and the feeling of insecurity in various sectors of Europe, will the evolution of the European security system integration, leading eventually to the formation of a “European Army”.
The purpose of this Master's thesis is to assess the direction of the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) and, in particular, to ask whether the CSDP is moving towards greater cooperation and sharing or if the establishment of common armed forces is being promoted, commonly known as the “European Army”. For this we start with the analysis of the evolution of the Common Foreign and Security Policy since its launch to the creation and content of the CSDP and the understandings that have guided its evolution; we come to the assessment of the EU's Global Strategy and fundamentally the measures taken to implement it, both by the Council and the European Commission; after which we have studied the Future Evolution Scenarios of the CSDP as contained in the Reflection Paper on the “Future of European Defense”. And, finally, we cross over what is being implemented in practice, both with the Scenarios of the Reflection Document and with the programmatic content of the European Defense Community, this one aiming at the constitution of a European Army, perhaps more substantiated to conclude on the European Defense Department's attempt to respond to the initial question: “Given the context of external pressure, challenges and threats and the feeling of insecurity in various sectors of Europe, will the evolution of the European security system integration, leading eventually to the formation of a “European Army”.