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Abstract(s)
O século XIX foi profícuo para o desenvolvimento da ciência psiquiátrica, assim como para a evolução da assistência aos alienados. Neste trabalho foi tida em conta a realidade do Hospital de Alienados do Conde Ferreira, tendo sido esta instituição a primeira a ser construída de raiz em Portugal no âmbito da psiquiatria. O objeto de estudo transcorreu dos cuidados assistenciais praticados pelos enfermeiros nessa
instituição nos finais do século XIX. Foi utilizada uma metodologia de investigação histórica, através da pesquisa e análise documental, utilizando-se fontes primárias e secundárias, que se encontram essencialmente nos arquivos da Casa da Prelada - Arquivo Histórico da Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Porto e da Biblioteca do Centro Hospitalar Conde de Ferreira, tendo como principal referência teórica Michel Foucault. As finalidades deste trabalho passam por dar a conhecer um âmbito de ação introdutivo ao desenvolvimento da enfermagem de saúde mental e psiquiátrica e distinguir práticas assistenciais que podem ser consideradas como uma esteira aos engenhos e perícias que hoje em dia os enfermeiros especialistas dessa área apresentam. Descrevemos contextos portugueses do século XIX, com particular ênfase na
ambiência da cidade do Porto. Apresentámos o hospital como espaço assistencial e os enfermeiros como praticantes da assistência, dando uma especial atenção às conjunturas psiquiátricas. Concluímos que os enfermeiros estiveram sempre presentes nas diferentes realidades hospitalares, conquanto a sua ação se tivesse concretizado numa origem laica. Apresentámos a evolução dos trâmites da investigação histórica, a matriz teórica para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, assim como o seu traçado. Caraterizámos o cenário hospitalar em estudo, atendendo aos trâmites da sua inauguração e funcionamento nos finais dos anos de oitocentos, tendo em conta as perspetivas alienistas que se estabeleceram nesses espaços, assim como as normas e códigos institucionais. Apresentámos o perfil dos atores na assistência do Hospital de
Alienados do Conde de Ferreira, dando destaque aos alienados e ao corpo de funcionários das enfermarias, constituído por enfermeiros, ajudantes e criados, regulado por um fiscal. Considerámos que os cuidados assistenciais desenvolvidos pelos enfermeiros, e consequentemente as suas intervenções, foram influenciados pela evolução do conhecimento que se deu no século XIX, e que foi trazido para o seio da
enfermagem principalmente através do corpo médico que deu voz à ciência psiquiátrica. Verificámos que o Hospital apresentou uma dualidade naquilo que dizia respeito à assistência, tanto a nível clínico, como administrativo. Estabelecemos um conteúdo sumular e de transição, em que determinámos enunciados de transformação percursores da enfermagem: a integração de conhecimento científico, a identificação do sentido de pertença, a vivência da pertença, a assimilação do reconhecimento, a produção desse conhecimento, a evolução concetual e a perceção da importância do eixo temporal e a sua integração. Estes enunciados de transformação podem ajudar a definir a transição em enfermagem de um fazer-se para um conceber-se.
The nineteenth century was fruitful for the development of psychiatric science, as well as for the evolution of the assistance to the alienated. In this work was taken into account the reality of the Hospital de Alienados do Conde de Ferreira, being this institution the first to be built from scratch in Portugal within the scope of psychiatry. The study objetct was the care provided by nurses at that institution in the late nineteenth century. It was used an historical research methodology, through documentary research and analysis, using primary and secondary sources, which can be found essentially in the archives of the Casa da Prelada - Arquivo Histórico da Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Porto and of the Biblioteca do Centro Hospitalar Conde de Ferreira, having as principal theoretical reference Michel Foucault. The purposes of this work are to introduce an introductory scope of action to the development of mental health and psychiatric nursing and to distinguish care practices that can be considered as a track to the ingenuity and expertise that the nowadays specialist nurses present in this area. Were described portuguese contexts of the nineteenth century, with particular emphasis on the ambience of the city of Oporto. It was presented the hospital as an assistance space and the nurses as practitioners of the assistance, giving special attention to psychiatric conjuncture. Was concluded that nurses were always present in the different hospital realities, although their action took place in a secular origin. It was presented the evolution of historical research, the theoretical frame for the development of this study, as well as its outline. The hospital scenario under study was characterized, taking into account the procedures for its inauguration and main action in the late nineteenth century, according to the alienist perspectives that were settled in these spaces, as well as the institutional rules and codes. It was presented the profile of the actors in the assistance of the Hospital, with enhance to the alienated and the staff of the wards, that was organized in nurses, helpers and servants, regulated by a supervisor. The care provided by nurses, and consequently their interventions, were influenced by the evolution of knowledge that took place in that century, and that was brought to the core of nursing mainly through the doctors that gave voice to psychiatric science. The Hospital presented a duality in terms of assistance, both at a clinical and an administrative level. It was established in this work a summary and transitional section, in which were determined transformation statements precursors of nursing: the integration of scientific knowledge, the identification of the sense of belonging, the experience of belonging, the assimilation of recognition, the production of that kind of knowledge, the conceptual evolution and the perception of the importance of the time axis and its integration. These transformation statements can help to define the transition in nursing from a being done to a being conceived.
The nineteenth century was fruitful for the development of psychiatric science, as well as for the evolution of the assistance to the alienated. In this work was taken into account the reality of the Hospital de Alienados do Conde de Ferreira, being this institution the first to be built from scratch in Portugal within the scope of psychiatry. The study objetct was the care provided by nurses at that institution in the late nineteenth century. It was used an historical research methodology, through documentary research and analysis, using primary and secondary sources, which can be found essentially in the archives of the Casa da Prelada - Arquivo Histórico da Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Porto and of the Biblioteca do Centro Hospitalar Conde de Ferreira, having as principal theoretical reference Michel Foucault. The purposes of this work are to introduce an introductory scope of action to the development of mental health and psychiatric nursing and to distinguish care practices that can be considered as a track to the ingenuity and expertise that the nowadays specialist nurses present in this area. Were described portuguese contexts of the nineteenth century, with particular emphasis on the ambience of the city of Oporto. It was presented the hospital as an assistance space and the nurses as practitioners of the assistance, giving special attention to psychiatric conjuncture. Was concluded that nurses were always present in the different hospital realities, although their action took place in a secular origin. It was presented the evolution of historical research, the theoretical frame for the development of this study, as well as its outline. The hospital scenario under study was characterized, taking into account the procedures for its inauguration and main action in the late nineteenth century, according to the alienist perspectives that were settled in these spaces, as well as the institutional rules and codes. It was presented the profile of the actors in the assistance of the Hospital, with enhance to the alienated and the staff of the wards, that was organized in nurses, helpers and servants, regulated by a supervisor. The care provided by nurses, and consequently their interventions, were influenced by the evolution of knowledge that took place in that century, and that was brought to the core of nursing mainly through the doctors that gave voice to psychiatric science. The Hospital presented a duality in terms of assistance, both at a clinical and an administrative level. It was established in this work a summary and transitional section, in which were determined transformation statements precursors of nursing: the integration of scientific knowledge, the identification of the sense of belonging, the experience of belonging, the assimilation of recognition, the production of that kind of knowledge, the conceptual evolution and the perception of the importance of the time axis and its integration. These transformation statements can help to define the transition in nursing from a being done to a being conceived.
Description
Keywords
Enfermagem História da enfermagem Psiquiatria Saúde mental Nursing History of nursing Psichiatry Mental health