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Até que a morte nos separe : o homicídio do agressor como única saída para a vítima de violência doméstica : seu enquadramento jurídico
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A violência doméstica é um flagelo social cada vez mais sabido e menos tolerado pela sociedade. Contudo, este mesmo circunstancialismo que é repudiado, muitas das vezes, não é tido em consideração nos casos em que a vítima se convola em agressor, por não ver mais nenhuma saída para extinguir o terror que a assombra. A imprevisibilidade e incerteza de soluções, levou-nos a indagar sobre qual é o enquadramento jurídico-penal mais adequado e justo para as mulheres vítimas de maus tratos perpetrados no seio doméstico que acabam por matar o agressor. À vista disso, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo primordial elucidar se a arguida pode ser absolvida ao abrigo da legítima defesa, por se excluir a ilicitude da conduta, ou se trespassar a barreira do meio necessário para repelir uma agressão que ainda nem se iniciou, pode sub-rogar-se da figura da legítima defesa ‘’preventiva’’. E ainda, não se verificando causa de justificação da conduta homicida, se esta se enquadrará no crime de homicídio privilegiado, se se concluir que a arguida agiu movida por estados de afeto que diminuem sensivelmente a sua culpa. Veremos ainda os fenómenos psicológicos em contexto de violência contra as mulheres e o impacto destes enquanto fator excludente ou atenuante da responsabilidade penal por homicídio no ordenamento jurídico do Brasil, Espanha e EUA.
Domestic violence is a social scourge that is increasingly recognized and less tolerated by society. However, this same circumstance which is repudiated is often not taken into account in cases where the victim becomes the aggressor, because she sees no other way to get out of the terror that haunts her. The unpredictability and uncertainty of solutions have led us to ask what the most appropriate and fair legal and criminal framework for women victims of domestic abuse is who end up killing their aggressor. The main objective of this dissertation is to elucidate whether the defendant can be acquitted under self-defense because the unlawfulness of the conduct is excluded or if she crosses the barrier of the necessary means to repel an aggression that has not yet begun, can she be subrogated to the figure of ‘’preventive’’ self-defense. Furthermore, if there is no justification for the homicidal conduct, does it fall under the crime of privileged homicide if it is concluded that the defendant acted out of a state of affection that significantly diminishes her guilt. We’ll also look at psychological phenomena in the context of violence against women and their impact as a factor that excludes or mitigates criminal liability for homicide in the legal systems of Brazil, Spain, and the USA.
Domestic violence is a social scourge that is increasingly recognized and less tolerated by society. However, this same circumstance which is repudiated is often not taken into account in cases where the victim becomes the aggressor, because she sees no other way to get out of the terror that haunts her. The unpredictability and uncertainty of solutions have led us to ask what the most appropriate and fair legal and criminal framework for women victims of domestic abuse is who end up killing their aggressor. The main objective of this dissertation is to elucidate whether the defendant can be acquitted under self-defense because the unlawfulness of the conduct is excluded or if she crosses the barrier of the necessary means to repel an aggression that has not yet begun, can she be subrogated to the figure of ‘’preventive’’ self-defense. Furthermore, if there is no justification for the homicidal conduct, does it fall under the crime of privileged homicide if it is concluded that the defendant acted out of a state of affection that significantly diminishes her guilt. We’ll also look at psychological phenomena in the context of violence against women and their impact as a factor that excludes or mitigates criminal liability for homicide in the legal systems of Brazil, Spain, and the USA.
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Violência doméstica Legítima defesa Legítima defesa preventiva Homicídio privilegiado Síndrome da mulher batida Desamparo aprendido Brasil Espanha EUA Domestic violence Self-defense Preventive self-defense Privileged homicide Battered women syndrome Learned helplessness Brazil Spain USA
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Without CC licence