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A equação financeira dos contratos administrativos é tema que suscita interesse desde a autonomização do Direito Administrativo, enquanto ramo vocacionado a disciplinar o exercício das prerrogativas e atribuições da Administração Pública face aos direitos dos administrados, maxime quando atuam como seus colaboradores. O interesse pela matéria é ainda maior nas concessões e PPP, em razão dos vultosos investimentos associados, da presença do risco de exploração, a interferir na remuneração auferida pelo cocontratante, e da maior probabilidade de oscilação da avença, em razão da tendencial longevidade. Nesse contexto, revela-se importante a identificação e ponderação ex ante dos riscos, porque influenciam na estabilidade do contrato, dando ensejo a um modelo de equilíbrio que se pode dizer dinâmico. Todavia, considerando que a previsibilidade humana é limitada, tal circunstância não é suficiente para impedir vicissitudes contratuais, que podem advir de casos imprevistos ou da própria atuação da Administração, enquanto prossecutora do interesse público. No que superar os riscos contratualmente assumidos, tais vicissitudes devem ser tuteladas pelo direito, em prol da parte prejudicada, o que deve ser feito, contudo, à luz das suas especificidades, sob pena de colocar em causa importantes princípios e garantias. A equação financeira dos contratos administrativos, em especial das concessões e PPP, consiste, portanto, no objeto central do texto, cuja análise será feita à luz dos ordenamentos português e brasileiro, não com o objetivo de fazer um estudo de direito comparado, mas, antes, de oferecer uma reflexão sobre os fundamentos e soluções adotados. A reflexão será amparada em escólio doutrinário e jurisprudencial, esse, porém, em menor medida, considerando que as questões abordadas vão normalmente para tribunais arbitrais, cuja publicidade das decisões é mais restrita.
The financial equation of administrative contracts is a topic that arouses interest since the autonomy of Administrative Law, as a branch aimed at disciplining the exercise of prerogatives and attributions of the Public Administration in relation to the rights of the administered, especially when they act as its collaborators. The interest in the matter is even greater in concessions and PPPs, due to the large associated investments, the presence of the exploration risk, interfering with the remuneration earned by the co-contractor, and the greater probability of oscillation of the agreement, due to the longevity trend. In this context, a preview identification and weighting of risks is important, because they influence the stability of the contract, giving rise to an equilibrium model that can be said to be dynamic. However, considering that human predictability is limited, this circumstance is not enough to prevent contractual vicissitudes, which may arise from unforeseen cases or from the Administration's own performance, as a pursuer of the public interest. In what exceeds the contractually assumed risks, such vicissitudes must be protected by law, in favor of the aggrieved party, which must be done, however, in the light of their specificities, under penalty of infringing important principles and guarantees. The financial equation of administrative contracts, especially concessions and PPPs, is, therefore, the central object of the text, whose analysis will be carried out in the light of portuguese and brazilian legal systems, not with the objective of making a study of comparative law, but, rather, to offer a reflection on the foundations and solutions adopted. The reflection will be supported by doctrinal and jurisprudential schooling, especially in that, considering that the issues addressed normally go to arbitral tribunals, whose publicity of the decisions is more restricted.
The financial equation of administrative contracts is a topic that arouses interest since the autonomy of Administrative Law, as a branch aimed at disciplining the exercise of prerogatives and attributions of the Public Administration in relation to the rights of the administered, especially when they act as its collaborators. The interest in the matter is even greater in concessions and PPPs, due to the large associated investments, the presence of the exploration risk, interfering with the remuneration earned by the co-contractor, and the greater probability of oscillation of the agreement, due to the longevity trend. In this context, a preview identification and weighting of risks is important, because they influence the stability of the contract, giving rise to an equilibrium model that can be said to be dynamic. However, considering that human predictability is limited, this circumstance is not enough to prevent contractual vicissitudes, which may arise from unforeseen cases or from the Administration's own performance, as a pursuer of the public interest. In what exceeds the contractually assumed risks, such vicissitudes must be protected by law, in favor of the aggrieved party, which must be done, however, in the light of their specificities, under penalty of infringing important principles and guarantees. The financial equation of administrative contracts, especially concessions and PPPs, is, therefore, the central object of the text, whose analysis will be carried out in the light of portuguese and brazilian legal systems, not with the objective of making a study of comparative law, but, rather, to offer a reflection on the foundations and solutions adopted. The reflection will be supported by doctrinal and jurisprudential schooling, especially in that, considering that the issues addressed normally go to arbitral tribunals, whose publicity of the decisions is more restricted.
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Equação financeira Equilíbrio financeiro Equilíbrio económico-financeiro Contrato administrativo Concessões Parcerias Público-Privada Risco Alocação Caso base Matriz de risco Teoria da imprevisão Modificação unilateral Fato do príncipe Reposição Reequilíbrio Compensação Financial equation Financial balance Economic-financial balance Administrative contract Concessions Public-private partnerships Risk Allocation Base case Risk matrix Theory of unpredictability One-sided modification Prince costume Replacement Rebalance Compensation