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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O tema da presente tese é a responsabilidade civil dos administradores perante os credores na insolvência da sociedade comercial. Pretende-se descortinar as diferentes vias que os credores sociais têm à sua disposição para obter indemnização dos administradores quando se dá a insolvência da sociedade comercial. Numa primeira parte da tese, analisa-se o objeto dos deveres dos administradores na proximidade da insolvência da sociedade, bem como as situações de facto que, por condutas ilícitas dos administradores, podem fundamentar uma obrigação de indemnização. Depois, dentro do conjunto de diferentes vias de responsabilização, o estudo foca-se especialmente na possibilidade, instituída em 2012, de condenação no pagamento de indemnização por qualificação da insolvência como culposa. Procura-se dar resposta às questões do seu enquadramento enquanto tipo de responsabilidade civil, da sua função e da sua articulação com as restantes vias de responsabilização ao dispor dos credores sociais. Concluímos que, no Direito vigente, a condenação em indemnização por insolvência culposa não substitui aquelas restantes vias, mas defendemos que se trata de um instituto jurídico com essa potencialidade, desde que se ofereça maior segurança jurídica, mediante a introdução de alterações substanciais ao processo e a clarificação da redação legal.
The subject of this dissertation is the director’s civil liability to creditors in the event of a company’s insolvency. It outlines the different means that creditors have at their disposal to obtain compensation from directors when a company becomes insolvent. The first part of the thesis focuses on the analysis of directors' duties when a company's insolvency can be foreseen, as well as de facto situations which, due to the directors' unlawful conduct, may obligate them to compensate creditors. Furthermore, out of the many pathways through which a directors’ liability may be manifested, this study focuses especially on the effects of the recent introduction of a new classification, that of a “blameworthy” insolvency, which, since 2012, tells the court to order directors to pay a compensation to their company’s creditors. This dissertation will seek to answer how said concept might work as a type of civil liability, what its function may be and how it might connect with the other means of directors’ liability available to creditors. It concludes that, in current law, the order to indemnify for wrongful insolvency does not replace the remaining means of civil liability of the administrators. However, the present study proposes that it can have that potential, as long as it is made to offer greater legal certainty, through the introduction of substantial changes to the process and the clarification of legal wording.
The subject of this dissertation is the director’s civil liability to creditors in the event of a company’s insolvency. It outlines the different means that creditors have at their disposal to obtain compensation from directors when a company becomes insolvent. The first part of the thesis focuses on the analysis of directors' duties when a company's insolvency can be foreseen, as well as de facto situations which, due to the directors' unlawful conduct, may obligate them to compensate creditors. Furthermore, out of the many pathways through which a directors’ liability may be manifested, this study focuses especially on the effects of the recent introduction of a new classification, that of a “blameworthy” insolvency, which, since 2012, tells the court to order directors to pay a compensation to their company’s creditors. This dissertation will seek to answer how said concept might work as a type of civil liability, what its function may be and how it might connect with the other means of directors’ liability available to creditors. It concludes that, in current law, the order to indemnify for wrongful insolvency does not replace the remaining means of civil liability of the administrators. However, the present study proposes that it can have that potential, as long as it is made to offer greater legal certainty, through the introduction of substantial changes to the process and the clarification of legal wording.
Description
Keywords
Sociedades comerciais Insolvência Responsabilidade civil dos administradores Qualificação da insolvência Deveres dos administradores Company law Bankrutcy Directors’ civil liability Wrongful trading