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- Desidratação osmótica de cubos de maçã e fisális com soluções de sorbitolPublication . Assis, Fernanda R.; Morais, Rui M. S. C.; Morais, Alcina M. M. B.Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a utilização potencial do sorbitol como agente no processo de desidratação osmótica (DO). Além de apresentar baixas calorias e ser menos doce e menos cariogénico que a sacarose, o sorbitol é um prebiótico com propriedades de saúde comprovados. Cubos de maçã foram desidratados osmoticamente a temperaturas entre 25 e 60 ºC, utilizando solução de sacarose ou sorbitol a 60 ºBrix e razão mássica de fruto/solução de 1:4 ou 1:10, sob pressão atmosférica ou vácuo de 150 mbar. A DO de fisális foi realizada nas condições otimizadas da DO de cubos de maçã (60 ºC, 1:4), relativamente às cinéticas de perda de água (PA). A utilização do sorbitol como agente osmótico resultou num aumento das cinéticas, a ambas as pressões, pelo que é uma boa alternativa para substituir a sacarose. A razão de 1:4 é também uma melhor opção que a razão de 1:10. A utilização de vácuo na DO de maçãs não produziu diferenças significativas, mas revelou tendência para aumentar a velocidade inicial de PA. À pressão atmosférica, a fisális apresentou o mesmo comportamento dos cubos de maçã. Porém, a vácuo, não se notou diferença entre as cinéticas dos solutos. A modelagem matemática das cinéticas de PA e ganho de soluto (GS) foi efetuada. Em geral, os modelos de Azuara, Peleg, Page e Weibull ajustaram-se bem aos dados experimentais; porém, o modelo de Penetração apresentou reduzida capacidade de ajuste.
- Flavonoid enrichment of fresh-cut apple through osmotic dehydration-assisted impregnationPublication . Lopez, Ma. Michelle L.; Morais, Rui M.S.C.; Morais, Alcina M.M.B.Purpose – Inclusion of bioactive compounds in food products is promising for developing novel functional food products. The feasibility of incorporating flavonoids and low-calorie sugar substitutes in fresh-cut apple through osmotic dehydration (OD) was investigated. Design/methodology/approach – The impregnation of quercetin and fisetin in apple cubes was tested. The effects of different osmotic agents, sucrose and sorbitol:mannose, on the water loss (WL) and sugar gain of the samples were studied at 25 and 40 8C for eight hours. Findings – Temperature was a significant factor in the mass transfer kinetics, that is to say, higher temperatures resulting in higher rates. The molecular weight of the solutes in the osmotic solution also affected the OD kinetics and flavonoids uptake, as well as the physico-chemical quality. Originality/value – Overall, the results indicate that OD using alternative low-calorie and health-promoting solutes can be an effective treatment to simultaneously enrich fresh-cut apples with senolytic flavonoids, therefore presenting a great potential for a novel functional food product.
- Quality of 'Royal Gala' cut apple during osmotic dehydrationPublication . Bernardo, Alcina Maria Miranda; Pieters, Bert; Assis, Fernanda Rosa; Morais, Rui Manuel Santos CostaThe present work aimed to evaluate quality parameters of 'Royal Gala' apple cubes during osmotic dehydration (OD). We investigated the following OD conditions: osmotic agent, pressure, and temperature. The osmotic agent, being lower after OD with sorbitol than sucrose solutions, mainly influenced the water activity of the product. The color changes increased with increased temperature and were higher in vacuum experiments than at atmospheric pressure. In general, we recommend OD at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure for the preservation of the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of apple cubes during the process. Peleg's model was found to provide the best fit of TPC and AA data.
- Osmotic dehydration of cut apple: mass transfer kinetics and microstructural changesPublication . Assis, F. R.; Pissarra, J.; Morais, R. M. S. C.; Morais, A. M. M. B.Apple cubes were osmotically dehydrated with 40 degrees Bx sucrose and sorbitol solutions. Light microscopy was used to observe the microstructure of fresh and osmotically dehydrated samples. Peleg's model could fit the experimental data and describe the mass transfer kinetics of water loss (WL) and solid gain (SG). The use the sorbitol as osmotic agent. the increase of temperature and concentration of the solution increased the WL during the osmotic dehydration. The average cellular parameters, area and perimeter (size), and circularity, elongation, roundness, and compactness (shape) of fresh samples were 14.281 +/- 6.65x10(3) mu m(2) and 0.486 mm, and 0.73, 1.56, 0.70, 0.83. respectively. The osmotically dehydrated samples presented a decrease in area, circularity, roundness and compactness and an increase in the elongation of the cells, and these changes were higher in samples treated with sorbitol.
- Quality of ‘Royal Gala’ cut apple during osmotic dehydrationPublication . Pieters, Bert; Assis, Fernanda Rosa; Morais, Rui Manuel Santos Costa; Morais, Alcina Maria Miranda BernardoThe present work aimed to evaluate quality parameters of ‘Royal Gala’ apple cubes during osmotic dehydration (OD). We investigated the following OD conditions: osmotic agent, pressure, and temperature. The osmotic agent, being lower after OD with sorbitol than sucrose solutions, mainly influenced the water activity of the product. The color changes increased with increased temperature and were higher in vacuum experiments than at atmospheric pressure. In general, we recommend OD at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure for the preservation of the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of apple cubes during the process. Peleg’s model was found to provide the best fit of TPC and AA data.
- Mathematical modelling of the osmotic dehydration of physalisPublication . Assis, Fernanda Rosa; Morais, Rui Manuel Santos Costa de; Morais, Alcina Maria Miranda Bernardo dePhysalis was osmotically dehydrated with 60 °Bx sucrose or sorbitol solutions at 60 °C and with a mass ratio of sample to solution of 1:4, at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum at 150 mbar. The Crank’s, Peleg’s and Page’s models were tested to describe the mass transfer kinetics for water loss (WL) and solids gain (SG). The effective diffusivities of both water and solute were around 10-11 m2 s-1 under all conditions. Peleg’s model presented the best fit. The use of sorbitol as the osmotic agent resulted in an increase in the WL rate. In experiments with sucrose solutions, a higher WL was obtained under vacuum than at atmospheric pressure. The SG was particularly low during osmotic dehydration. Thus, the use of sorbitol as the osmotic agent was shown to be a promising alternative to sucrose.