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- Alcohol use during pregnancy - a Portuguese studyPublication . Xavier, M. R.; Dias, P.; Martins, C.Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a significant health problem because of the risks for negative prenatal, neonatal and later neurobehavioral outcomes ranging from subtle developmental problems to fetal alcohol syndrome. In spite of the increase of consumption of Portuguese women, data about alcohol use during pregnancy is scarce. This work aims to describe patterns of alcohol consumption and possible relations with psychological experience of pregnancy in a sample of 1000 pregnant Portuguese women. Recruitment strategies included healthcare professionals, word of mouth, collaboration with community/health services and national websites and social networking sites commonly consulted by pregnant women (in–person self-report questionnaires and online questionnaires). The questionnaires included standardized scales (AUDIT and Pregnancy and Motherhood Attitudes Scale) and questions about sociodemographics, gestation and parity, and healthcare. Data concerning descriptive and inferential analysis about alcohol use and attitudes toward pregnancy and maternity will be present. Despite World Health Organization, European and Portuguese governmental concerns and recommendations, we found that approximate 20% (in-person and online) pregnant women continue to drink during pregnancy and that consumptions are related to differences on some dimensions of the psychological experience of pregnancy. We defend that adequate screening and report strategies must be organized based on a non-punitive/collaborative approach between different professionals involved in health care arena. We hope that this kind of work represents an alert and a step for future research as a base to setting out effective strategies for prevention, screening and management of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in our country.
- Alguns resultados da análise do desempenho dos alunos portugueses no teste de Matemática PISA 2009Publication . Portela, Maria; Faria, Susana
- An attempt to measure the differences in productivity of nations: a stochastic frontier approachPublication . Aguiar, Diana; Costa, Leonardo; Silva, ElviraIt is broadly accepted that differences in efficiency and productivity growth are important contributions to the enormous differences in the wealth of nations. Technical inefficiency is estimated for a panel of 40 countries, 34 of which are OECD-members and the remaining 6 are emergent economies, for the period of 2001-2011, using a stochastic frontier model. Environmental variables are found to have an important role in explaining differences in technical inefficiency across countries. In particular, a high contribution of the agricultural sector and natural resources rents to the economy, trade barriers, a bad business environment, a high number of patents, a high level of government debt and the financial crisis contribute negatively to technical efficiency. On the other hand, a good health status and good institutions help countries to be located closer to the frontier. Total factor productivity (TFP) growth is computed and decomposed using a primal frontier approach. The relative importance of the TFP change and total factor accumulation to economic growth is also analyzed. The results show that differences in factor accumulation between OECD and emergent economies are important to explain differences in the growth rates of GDP per worker. Over 2001-2011, the general improvement in technical efficiency of countries is outweighed by technological regress.
- An experimental approach to analyzing gender, sex appeal and idealized bodies in advertisingPublication . Feitosa, Wilian; Silva, Susana C.; Lourenço, Carlos; Sunago, Noemi; Resende, Ligia
- An exploratory study of how the story behind a pre-loved luxury item creates valuePublication . Sandes, Fábio Shimabukuro; Silva, Susana Costa; Duarte, Paulo
- An Overlapping Generations Model of the Savings Rate Decline: The Case of PortugalPublication . Oliveira, Maria Alberta; Santos, CarlosUsing an overlapping generations model, we argue that a decline in the savings rate, such as the one that has been observed in Portugal over the past 30 years, may be motivated by an increase in the discount factor. This is a standard result for macroeconomic models with agents that live for two periods. However, we innovate in proxying empirically the discount factor by a number of items, such as the fertility rate and the marriage rate. A decline in these suggests that people value the present over the future. As such the discount factor increases. As it turns out, both variables are empirically significant in our econometric analysis and have the correct sign. Furthermore, Ricardian Equivalence effects seem to be absent from the savings behavior of Portuguese households, as increases in public debt are met with decreases in savings by households. Government expenditure is not being perceived as levying higher taxes in the future. Finally, we also show that precautionary saving motivated by the increase in the unemployment rate is only relevant for rates below 6,5%. Above this threshold, the decline in savings due to the decline in income is estimated to be the dominant effect, which becomes dramatic when we consider the current rate of nearly 16%. Portuguese households are simply unable to save currently. The empirical implications of our analysis are staggering, as they question the effectiveness of any austerity program that does rely on higher taxes: these are a tantamount to lower savings rate, which in turn increase country default probabilities, as measured in CDS and bond markets.
- Animals’ health control efficiency in Northwest Portugal: A two-stage DEA approach.Publication . Costa, Leonardo; Lansink, Alfons Oude; Silva, ElviraA two-stage approach is employed to analyze the efficiency of cooperatives responsible for ruminants’ disease control (OPP) at the farm level in Northwest Portugal. In the first stage, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to estimate and decompose input-based overall inefficiency for each OPP. The input-based inefficiency measures are generated using the directional input distance function. In the second stage, the inefficiency estimates are regressed on environmental and organizational factors in order to explain efficiency differentials. Despite substantial environmental differences, the empirical results indicate that most cooperatives can reduce costs by improving scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency
- Anticipatory medication in home palliative care: a systematic review of existing practices, challenges and safeguardsPublication . Hernández-Marrero, P.; Pereira, S. Martins
- Anticompetitive impact of pseudo-genericsPublication . Rodrigues, Vasco; Gonçalves, Ricardo; Vasconcelos, Helder
- Are portuguese healthcare professionals willing to hasten death at a patient´s request? A vignette-survey study in palliative care congresses in PortugalPublication . Pereira, Sandra Martins; Carvalho, Ana Sofia; Hernández-Marrero, Pablo