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- White spot lesion treatment options : a review of different techniques for masking these lesionsPublication . Lamorgese, Michela; Lopes, Pedro André Ferreira Campos; Pereira, Rita Cristina Pais FidalgoIntroduction White spot lesions are early clinical stages of enamel demineralization, often related to orthodontic treatment or poor oral hygiene. The use of gels such as fluoride for topical application inhibits demineralization and promotes remineralization of dental tissues through various mechanisms. A variety of therapeutic approaches are available; however, recent research indicates that combined treatment strategies may yield superior clinical outcomes compared to monotherapy. Aim of the study The main aim of the present study is to critically compare the available literature on the efficacy of combining multiple treatment techniques for WSLs compared to using these techniques alone. Materials and Methods A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. One limitation of this review is the exclusion of the Web of Science database, though its inclusion in future reviews could enhance search completeness. Another limitation is the inclusion of only English and Portuguese studies, which may have introduced language bias and excluded relevant research in other languages. The PICO strategy was used to formulate research question: Which clinical approaches combined or isolated (C) influence the treatment and prevention effectiveness (O) of white spot lesions (I) in humans (P) in the last ten years (T)? Inclusion criteria focused on clinical studies from the last ten years evaluating the combined use of at least two treatment techniques for white spot lesions. A total of 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected from an initial pool of 1,185 articles, after removing duplicates and applying strict inclusion criteria. Results Findings suggest that combined treatment strategies, including resin infiltration with fluoride varnish and ozone therapy combined with fluoride application, demonstrated enhanced efficacy in lesion masking and remineralization compared to single-treatment approaches. CPP-ACP and hydroxyapatite-based creams improved aesthetic, particularly when used alongside fluoride varnish. The combination of remineralization agents like fluoride gel, infiltrative resins, and antimicrobial treatments offers superior outcomes on white spot lesion treatment. Conclusions Long-term clinical studies are needed to standardize treatment protocols and confirm durability. Clinical Relevance: White spot lesions can affect patients’ esthetics, moreover it is crucial to paralyze these early-stage lesions. Combined treatment approaches enable clinical and aesthetic outcomes for patients with white spot lesions.
- Effect of the load and thickness of resin cement on the light transmittance through zirconia onlays : an in vitro studyPublication . Leduc, Smila; Pereira, Rita Cristina Pais Fidalgo; Souza, Júlio César Matias dePurpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the light transmittance behavior of resin-matrix cement and zirconia onlays after cementation, subjected to two different loading magnitudes. Materials and Methods: Eighteen CAD-CAM fabricated 3Y-TZP zirconia onlays (1.5 mm thickness) were cemented onto zirconia disks following the APC protocol. Specimens were divided into two groups: Z20 (20 N load) and Z60 (60 N load), each applied for 60 seconds and analyzed in triplicate. All samples were cemented using a 73 wt% resin-matrix cement and light-cured at 900 mW/cm². Optical transmittance was assessed using a spectrometer with a monochromator before, during, and after polymerization, with additional real-time irradiance data from a MiniGig device. Post-cementation, specimens were sectioned perpendicularly and examined under optical microscopy for structural evaluation. Results: The highest light transmittance for uncemented zirconia onlays occurred near 300 nm, with increased transmission from 600 to 850 nm and peaks around 830–850 nm. Cemented specimens in the Z60 group exhibited higher light transmittance and radiant power at 840 nm than those in Z20, suggesting superior polymerization efficiency. MiniGig analysis revealed increased real-time irradiance and Rp/np ratios in Z60, while benchtop spectrophotometry showed no significant difference before and after curing. Both instruments provided complementary insights—absolute transmittance and dynamic irradiance, respectively. Conclusions: This study confirms that higher cementation loads (60 N) improve light transmittance and polymerization efficiency through 1.5 mm 3Y-TZP zirconia onlays. Increased pressure reduces cement layer thickness, minimizing light scattering. Both benchtop and in situ spectrophotometry validated the optical benefits of higher loads. Clinically, adequate cementation force is critical for optimal curing under opaque zirconia restorations. Standardized cementation protocols are recommended to enhance long-term restoration performance.
- A dança no processo de aprendizagem de alunos com necessidades educativas especiais : uma análise teórica sobre práticas inclusivasPublication . Queiroz, Andreza da Costa; Cruz, Sónia Catarina da SilvaEsta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar as contribuições da dança como prática pedagógica inclusiva no contexto da Educação Especial, com foco no desenvolvimento integral dos alunos e na valorização da diversidade corporal. Fundamentada em autores como Teixeira (2010), Strazzacappa (2001), Marques (1997), Laban (1978), Chauí (1986) e Holliday (2006), a pesquisa discute a necessidade de sistematização pedagógica da dança para garantir sua efetividade como ferramenta de inclusão social e educacional. A partir da perspectiva da pedagogia históricocrítica, defende-se que a dança deve ir além de uma atividade espontânea e ser compreendida como linguagem expressiva, estética e cultural, capaz de promover empatia, cooperação e respeito mútuo entre os alunos com e sem deficiência. O ensino da dança, nesse sentido, deve considerar os elementos técnicos e expressivos da linguagem corporal, bem como a contextualização histórica e cultural dos estilos de dança, permitindo que todos os estudantes participem ativamente do processo formativo. A sistematização das práticas pedagógicas em dança, com base na metodologia crítico-superadora, exige que o professor conheça a realidade dos alunos, proponha estratégias multissensoriais, incentive a autoria coreográfica e crie espaços para a experimentação criativa. A dança torna-se, assim, uma via potente de transformação do ambiente escolar em um espaço verdadeiramente inclusivo, onde as singularidades de cada corpo são respeitadas e celebradas. Conclui-se que a dança, quando fundamentada em práticas críticas e inclusivas, é capaz de impulsionar a emancipação humana e ampliar o acesso aos bens culturais historicamente produzidos, promovendo uma educação mais equitativa, sensível e comprometida com a diversidade.
- Exploring the effects of isolated flavonoids or formulations as antimicrobial/antibiofilm agents for endodontic treatment : a scoping reviewPublication . Saint-Etienne, Élise Lucie; Duque, Cristiane; Alves, Renata ToledoThis scoping review aimed to map and summarize the evidence on the antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy of flavonoid-based solutions or formulations for endodontic applications. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed across databases for articles published up to April 2025. Eligible studies included those evaluating the antimicrobial effects of flavonoids on microorganisms associated with endodontic infections. Relevant data were extracted, and a descriptive synthesis of the findings was carried out. The results showed that fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, demonstrating significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of various flavonoids. Epigallocatechin- 3-gallate was the most extensively studied compound, showing dose-dependent activity against E. faecalis, F. nucleatum, A. israelii, S. mutans, and C. albicans, with enhanced efficacy when combined with agents such as fosfomycin or KR-12-a5. Quercetin also displayed concentration-dependent antibiofilm effects and gene modulation in E. faecalis. Proanthocyanidin showed superior efficacy compared to conventional irrigants, especially at higher concentrations. Rutin, although limited in standalone efficacy, showed promising results when used as a photosensitizer. Other flavonoids such as apigenin, theaflavin, isoquercitrin, ampelopsin, chalcone, and chrysin also demonstrated varying degrees of antimicrobial activity, often similar to or surpassing conventional agents like chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide in specific models. In conclusion, flavonoids exhibit significant potential as alternative or adjunctive agents for endodontic disinfection, especially in biofilm-related infections. Their efficacy is influenced by compound type, concentration, formulation, and synergistic combinations. Further research, especially clinical trials, is warranted to validate their therapeutic applicability and optimize delivery systems for clinical use in endodontics.
- Aprender a aprender: estratégias e motivação: UCP Teen AcademyPublication . Miranda, Francisca; Monteiro, Inês
- High pressure processing of raw ewe's cheese promotes microbiological safety and quality during prolonged storagePublication . Inácio, Rita S.; Gomes, Ana M. P.; Saraiva, Jorge A.Serra da Estrela cheese (a raw ewe’s milk) ripened for 45 days was treated at 600 MPa for 6 min (P1) and at 450 MPa for 6 (P2) and 9 min (P3) and kept in refrigerated storage for 15 months. Lactobacillus and Lactococcus viable cell numbers were reduced in 3.2–3.6 and 2.7–3.6 log cycle units, respectively. Lower reductions were verified for total aerobic mesophilic and Enterococcus viable cell numbers in cheeses treated at 450 MPa (2.4–2.5 and 1.2 log reductions, respectively). In HPP cheeses, yeasts and moulds were below the enumeration limit up to 6 months of storage, but at 15 months 3.6–4.2 log cfu/g were quantified in all cheeses, while Enterobacteriaceae were inactivated to below the quantification limit. The increment of pressure treatment caused a greater impact on the microbiota’s viability than the increase in time under pressure. During storage, minor total colour differences were determined for HPP P3 cheese surface relative to control cheeses, ChC, at 45 days of ripening. HPP can thus be a good process to apply after cheese manufacture, since it offers a good potential to render raw-milk cheese microbiologically safer, with minimal changes in quality.
- Light transmittance through composite and ceramic onlay : an in vitro studyPublication . Martins, Larissa Cristina Ribeiro; Pereira, Rita Cristina Pais Fidalgo; Souza, Júlio César Matias dePurpose: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate light transmittance through two different CAD-CAM indirect restorative materials: resin-matrix composite and 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3YTZP) to understand how the intrinsic microstructure and optical characteristics of these materials influence light transmittance and the polymerization potential of the underlying resin-matrix cement. Materials and Methods: Eighteen disk-shaped specimens of both materials were prepared using CAD-CAM techniques. A dual-cure resin-matrix cement was applied under a standardized 60 N load. Both materials had 1.5 mm thickness and were cemented using the same 73 wt% resin-matrix cement. Specimens were light-cured at 900 mW/cm2 for 40s. Light transmittance was analyzed before and after polymerization using a spectrophotometer with an integrated monocromator and during polymerization with a MiniGig device. Complementary optical microscopy was performed to evaluate microstructural characteristics of the materials. Statistical analysis was conducted using non-parametric tests with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: 3YTZP zirconia demonstrated significantly higher light transmittance than the resin-matrix composite, both before and after polymerization (p < 0.001). The resin-matrix composite material showed greater variation in optical behavior, attributed to its heterogeneous filler distribution. Spectrophotometric and MiniGig measurements were consistent, reinforcing the validity of the findings. Optical microscopy revealed a homogeneous polycrystalline structure in 3YTZP, while the resin-matrix composite showed irregularly shaped fillers, contributing to greater light scattering. The presence of resin-matrix cement also reduced transmittance across all specimens. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, 3YTZP zirconia allowed higher light transmission than resin-matrix composite, challenging the traditional notion of zirconia's opacity. Advances in ceramic processing have improved the translucency of modern zirconia, supporting its use in indirect restorations where both mechanical strength and light transmittance are essential. Proper material selection, thickness standardization, and adequate curing protocols are crucial to optimize resin-matrix cement polymerization and restoration longevity.
- Atendimento educacional, especializado através das salas de recursos multifuncionais nas escolas rurais ribeirinhas da cidade de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil : melhorias e perspectivas da educação especial período de 2021 a 2024Publication . Santos, Danielle Aparício dos; Ponte, Filomena Ermida Costa Figueiredo Branco daEsta investigação orienta-se no sentido de analisar como ocorreu o processo de implementação do Atendimento Educacional Especializado através das Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais nas escolas rurais ribeirinhas da Cidade de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil: melhorias e perspectivas docentes e familiares de 2021 a 2024. Seu objetivo principal foi analisar como ocorreu o processo de implementação do Atendimento Educacional Especializado através das salas de recursos multifuncionais nas escolas rurais ribeirinhas da Cidade de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Para essa finalidade, foram apoiados objetivos específicos na busca em compreender com a Política Nacional de Educação Especial foi implementada nas escolas rurais da Cidade de Manaus, analisando as possíveis melhorias ao acesso curricular que as salas de recursos possam tem proporcionados aos estudantes, e suas melhorias para o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem e inclusão de alunos através das perspectivas docentes e familiares para a inclusão. A motivação é o estabelecimento de uma rede de suporte social formal que possibilita uma mediação pedagógica pautada no atendimento específico aos estudantes que apresentam alguma necessidade educativa através das unidades de ensino com salas de recursos multifuncionais com professores qualificados na rede de ensino regular, buscando garantir o direito de todos à educação. A análise quantitativa foi realizada através de um questionário, com escala de significâncias aplicado com os docentes e a análise qualitativa baseou-se na vivência e observação dos pais ou responsáveis utilizando entrevistas individuais e análise documental para coletar dados. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que, embora a implementação do AEE tenha ocorrido e as SRM estejam em pleno funcionamento apresentam problemas no envolvimento familiar e docente. Contudo, melhorias no processo educacional dos educandos são observados tanto pelos docentes como pelas famílias. Porém, demonstra a necessidade de investimentos informacional, formal e estrutural, pois a agenda 2030, das Nações Unidas afirma que para o desenvolvimento sustentável, deve haver educação de qualidade e garantia de acesso à Educação inclusiva com qualidade e equidade e as desigualdades nos interiores dos países devem ser reduzidas, por meio de políticas e ações planejadas dos governos.
- A importância das políticas públicas, no apoio e intervenção dos alunos das escolas do campo, portadores de espectro autistaPublication . Maia, Hanna Benacon; Ponte, Filomena Ermida Costa Figueiredo Branco daA neurodiversidade é um assunto que vem sendo utilizado bastante na atualidade, onde todos são diferentes e devem ser respeitados. Nessa perspetiva, o termo neurodivergente também tem sido bastante discutido, já que se refere aos indivíduos que tenham algum tipo de diferença fora do padrão. O autismo é um exemplo neurodivergente, tema este que cada vez mais tem se tornado pauta, tendo em vista sua importância. Quanto as políticas públicas, as mesmas são muito necessárias para esse público, ainda mais se pensarmos nesses indivíduos que residem nas áreas rurais. Tendo em vista isso, esse estudo tem os objetivos de analisar como as políticas públicas acontecem na prática quando se referem aos autistas inseridos no ambiente do campo, assim como observar como se dão as políticas públicas nos espaços rurais onde estão inseridas as pessoas com autismo, como também o compreender como as políticas públicas são aplicadas no dia a dia dos indivíduos com autismo no espaço da educação do campo e do mesmo modo a discutir a importância da execução das políticas públicas existentes no que se refere ao autista que vive no contexto rural. Com isso, vamos discutir do decorrer deste estudo o quão importante são as políticas públicas para os autistas no contexto da educação do campo. Veremos então, o quão necessário se faz essa discussão a respeito desse tema de tamanha relevância a academia.
- What relevance does innovation have in the transition of consumers from conventional tobacco to heated tobacco and how does this impact consumption patterns? : IQOS case studyPublication . Silva, Margarida Gonçalves da; Tavares, PedroThe tobacco industry is known for its restrictive regulations, with innovation having no role in consumer engagement with the brands. However, everything changed with the introduction of heated tobacco products, like IQOS, which marked a shift in the industry as we previously knew it. The focus of this thesis was to see whether different forms of innovation impact the transition from conventional to heated tobacco and whether this transition affects patterns of consumption. A mixed- methods approach was employed, in which the qualitative phase involved 38 interviews with non- smokers, conventional and heated tobacco users and the quantitative phase involved an online survey with 104 valid responses, analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression in R. Results show that in product innovation, specifically technological features and device design, is the strongest predictor of transition. However, service and sustainable innovation showed a weaker prediction in the transition. Furthermore, findings indicate that the transition to heated tobacco increased tobacco use, which can raise questions about the idea that this type o tobacco is less harmful. This thesis contributes to the literature, because it explores how innovation can have an impact in consumer engagement and provides insights into how innovating and creating new products influences consumer behaviour and shape patterns of use.